It is commonly accepted that some things, such as sex, organs, secrets, and votes may be given away, used or owned, but not bought and sold. I refer to markets such as these as 'contested markets'. The commodification ...

William Lane Craig takes a good argument to be a valid argument whose premises are more plausible than their negations. Craig claims that there are several valid arguments for God's existence that meet this criterion, and ...

This thesis deals with, defends, and amends the axiological position called Multicentrism as presented by philosopher Anthony Weston. The question is whether axiological Multicentrism ought to be preferred over other ...

This thesis deals with the topic of contingency in metaethical constructivism. Metaethical constructivism claims that our reasons are necessarily connected to the particular values of agents. Holding such an attitude-dependent ...

According to Miranda Fricker, hermeneutical injustices are instances of conceptual absences where these absences create a significant difficulty for a knower in making herself intelligible either to herself or to another. ...

There is a category of speech, call it hate speech, which dehumanizes. In virtue of dehumanizing it undermines its victims’ ability to speak. Traditional, liberal theories of free speech based on a negative conception of ...

Den foreliggende studien har til hensikt å fremvise og sannsynliggjøre nominalismens omfattende utbredelse i den moderne, vestlige kultur, hvilket ifølge forfatteren er å anse som avgjørende for samtidens selvforståelse. ...

According to alethic primitivism, the concept of truth cannot be explicated by other concepts that are more fundamental. Alethic primitivism consists of a set of positive and negative claims. The positive claims are that ...

This paper seeks to account for the wickedness of the non-identity problem – or lack thereof. Within the field of bioethics, the non-identity problem is particularly relevant due to progress within assisted reproductive ...

I argue that the typical description and thus also the evaluation of the human activities of acquiring and exchanging product and services, found in mainstream economic textbooks, is inadequate from the perspective of ...

This thesis examines the question of migration as a fundamental human right. To determine the normative force of human rights, I begin by distinguishing several accounts of human rights. I identify a conception of human ...

This thesis theoretically assesses ecological restoration from the point of view of environmental ethics. I explore how ecological restoration might affect the perspectives and assumptions we have about nature that allow ...

This thesis stems from the observation that there exists a problem of recognizing Indian thought as philosophy, and, by extension, including it in the field of academic philosophy in the West. The question I examine is ...

What does it mean to be a good person? According to virtue ethics, being a good person is to possess the moral character traits we call virtues, such as justice, honesty and generosity. These character traits are often ...

This thesis is a study of Leibniz’s ontological arguments for the existence of God and a discussion of their bearing on his metaphysics. I argue that the Leibnizian metaphysical system is fundamentally inclined towards ...

I denne oppgaven diskuterer jeg forslagene til begrepsforandring som vi finner hos de to amerikanske filosofene Sally Haslanger og Richard Rorty. Haslanger argumenterer for at begrepene «kvinne» og «mann» bør defineres som ...

This thesis examines two claims about consciousness in animals by the neuroscientist Joseph LeDoux: 1. Science cannot tell us anything about consciousness in animals, and 2. Animal behavior can be explained in terms of ...

I det følgende intenderer jeg å vise hvordan Hegels kritikk av det moralske standpunktet kan betraktes som en fruktbar innfallsvinkel for å påpeke de teoretiske tilkortkommenheter som gjennomsyrer den deontologiske ...

In this thesis I explore and compare the two treatments of soul in Plato's Phaedrus, and argue that the treatment of soul in the first portion of the dialogue is informative when we come to the discussion about rhetoric.

The standard axiomatization of set theory known as ZFC provides maybe the most widely accepted foundation for mathematics. But there are natural mathematical statements, such as Cantor's continuum hypothesis (CH), that can ...

This thesis is concerned with the meta-ethical debate between reasons internalism and externalism, and more specifically with an apparent conflict between reasons internalism and the practice of moral blame. Broadly ...

Abstract This thesis is a discussion of the nature of perception with the debate between Hubert Dreyfus and John McDowell as a springboard into an investigation of the perceptual similarities, and differences, between human ...

Denne oppgaven tar for seg Karl Marx og det fremmedgjorte arbeidet, der arbeideren blir fremmedgjort som et resultat av samfunnets strukturer. Marx tar fremmedgjøringsbegrepet og videreutvikler det fra den hegelianske ...

This paper explores the intersection of Aristotelian Virtue Theory with modern smart-technology. The exemplar of modern technology is the smartphone. It is the most interesting piece of technology of our era. Portable and ...

I am concerned with the ethnocentrism problem in feminism, what it is and what philosophy might to do help solve it. I rely mostly on the works of bell hooks and Uma Narayan to argue that the question of ethnocentrism is ...

In this paper, I aim to find out how noise music (Noise) can be art, and how it relates to other music, i.e. whether it is in fact music, or another form of aural art. I explore the possible solution provided by the ...

It has been claimed that quantum mechanics is a non-local theory, i.e., that the predictions of quantum mechanics are at odds with a conception of the world where all the interactions are mediated by local mechanisms. The ...

Michael Smith argues that “a change in moral motivation follows reliably in a change in moral judgements, at least in the good and strong-willed person” (1994:71). He illustrates this change with two people engaged in an ...

The aim of this thesis is to give general answers to two questions: What is a good scientific concept? What is the nature of conceptual debates in science? In order to answer these questions, I will look at historical ...

This thesis explores central themes in Wittgenstein’s Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, and engages with exegetical discussions of Wittgenstein’s early philosophy. Metaphysical, therapeutic, and elucidatory interpretations ...

How can we determine which aspects of a given experience are represented perceptually, as opposed to cognitively? I explore perceptual adaptation as an empirically based method for distinguishing perception from cognition. ...

Denne oppgaven drøfter evolusjonære undergravende argumenter (EUA). Dette er argumenter som hevder at moralsk realisme undergraves av den kunnskapen vi har om evolusjonen. Tilhengerne av evolusjonære undergravende argumenter ...

Perhaps the two most important research topics in philosophy of mind today are phenomenal consciousness and intentionality, the central question being how to account for these phenomena in a physical world. Closely connected ...

Denne oppgaven utforsker Murray Bookchins sosialøkologiske filosofi og fokuserer spesielt på begrepet “fri natur.” Bookchin (1921-2006) var en sentral foregangsfigur i den internasjonale økologibevegelsen: svært tidlig ...

I denne oppgaven diskuterer jeg relevansen av Axel Honneth sin teori om anerkjennelse og hans samfunnskritikk for dagens samfunn. Vårt vestlige demokratiske samfunn har utviklet seg til å bli individualistisk og ...

Abstract What distinguishes persons from other agents is their capacity to form a volition which means that they have a volitional essence. The Real Self view Frankfurt holds on autonomy has coming as its cornerstone. ...

The aim of this thesis is to defend global consequentialism from its main objection, specifically the objection that it allows evaluative conflict. Global consequentialism differs from traditional forms of consequentialism ...

This thesis deals with the paradox of forgiveness. The presumed outcome of the paradox is that forgiveness is impossible. To determine whether the outcome of the paradox is correct I start by giving an overview of the ...

At vi mennesker har følelser er hevet over en hver tvil, men hvilken rolle spiller de for vår etiske utvikling? Tradisjonelt kan vi si at følelser har blitt uglesett som kilde til kunnskap og som fundament for etikken. I ...

Diagnosen platonisme: En kritisk studie av matematisk platonisme i lys av aristoteliske essenser of husserliansk fenomenologi: To sentrale spørsmål innen matematikkens filosofi omhandler matematiske objekters eksistens og ...

Self-consciousness is often defined as the ability to think of oneself as oneself, an ability that is considered to require demanding conceptual and linguistic abilities. Concept-possession is surely needed for mastery of ...

Is it possible to provide an argument that justifies indigenous claims to specific land and resources? Should indigenous peoples be compensated for the historic injustice they have suffered or should there be moral statutes ...

The objective of this dissertation is to examine the moral arguments commonly presented in the current debate on active and passive euthanasia in the United States. I claim the belief that there is a moral permissibility ...

This thesis has three aims. First: making a general case for why and how we ought to limit the reliance on intuitions in ethical theory. Second: addressing this general question through the lens of the more specific debate ...

How do objects persist? What does it mean to persist? We do perhaps all have an intuitive understanding of what it means for an object to persist. An answer like “an object that persists exists both in the past and the ...

Sammendrag Finnes det noen grunn til at verden er akkurat slik den er? Hvorfor er vi her? Finnes det en Gud som har skapt verden? Og hvorfor har akkurat denne verden blitt skapt fremfor en annen? Oppgaven vil konsentrere ...

This thesis explores Nicholas Agar’s criticism of radical enhancement in his book Humanity’s End. He claims that enhancing the human body in a way that goes beyond the limitations of human biology, will turn us into something ...

Samandrag av masteroppgåva i filosofi Oppgåva drøftar omgrepet «livsverd» slik det fyrst vart lansert av den tyske filosofen og matematikaren Edmund Husserl, framfor alt i verket «Krisa i dei européiske vitskapane og den ...

The purpose of this thesis is to have a closer look at moral relativism, and the problem of immersion. Most people will accept that the truth of judgements are relative to certain standards, a moral framework. Most people ...

One of the central questions in metaethics is whether morality is a fundamentally subjective or fundamentally objective domain. Are we, when we are discussing moral claims or making moral judgments, engaging in an activity ...

The problem of extreme poverty is a demanding challenge in our globalized world. Although Rawls recognizes that well-ordered peoples have a duty to assist burdened societies, the ultimate concern of his theory is justice ...

Utilitaristen Peter Singer argumenterer i artikkelen «Ethics and intuitions» imot å basere moralske bedømmelser på de moralske intuisjonene vi har arvet fra våre forfedre når disse kommer i konflikt med rasjonelle ...

This thesis has two parts, a critical and a constructive part. The first part raises a set of challenges to moral realism. The second part provides a response to these challenges. The first part begins by raising the ...

The main question discussed in contemporary debates about personal identity is what to do with indeterminate cases – cases that is, where it appears indeterminate whether some person A at time t1 is identical to a person ...

Regarding human well-being Kant is explicit in his rejection of it as a source of moral obligations or moral goodness. Well-being, Kant writes, is a reference to sensible agreeableness and gratification that is empirically ...

Hvorfor skal samfunnet forholde seg til kulturelle krav og hvordan skal kulturelle krav evalueres? I oppgavens første angriper jeg problemstillingen ved å se på hvordan bidrag fra Charles Taylor, Jürgen Habermas, Brian ...

By what kind of mechanisms do we perceive the physical world beyond ourselves? What is the relation between perceptual processes and natural evolution? What is the nature of a perceptual state? In this thesis I discuss ...

Hvordan skal vi tenke om frihet i lys av krisen i relasjonen mellom menneske og natur? Spørsmålet er en rød tråd i denne undersøkelsen, som tar utgangspunkt i Hans Jonas fortelling om et skifte i vestlig idéhistorie. Jonas ...

Hvordan vi som mennesker lever sammen i samfunn betinges blant annet av hvordan vi forstår oss selv som individer, hvilket verdigrunnlag vi deler og hvordan vi ser på demokrati og styremakt. Diskusjoner rundt hva demokrati ...

In Seven Puzzles of Thought and How to Solve Them Sainsbury and Tye defend a version of originalism, the view that concepts are to be individuated by way of their origins. A consequence of their account is that concepts ...

Moral error theory, the view that moral discourse is factually defective, is an influential view in contemporary metaethics. Although it has long been recognized that the arguments for this view might generalize and apply ...

According to John Rawls s political liberalism, the exercise of political power should be justified by appeal to political values and principles that all citizens can reasonably be expected to share. I argue that we find ...

J. L. Schellenberg argues in the book Divine Hiddenness and Human Reason that the apparent hiddenness of God is—in itself—an atheistic argument. His argument takes as the starting premise: If a perfectly loving God exists, ...

Debatten om Marx' politiske filosofi har tilsynelatende endt med en konsensus om at Marx var inkonsistent og måtte korrigeres. Marx kritiserer kapitalismen som urettferdig, samtidig avviser han rettferdsprinsipper for å ...

Can care-ethics provide an argument for the moral responsibility of economic agents? In mainstream economic theory it is standardly assumed that economic agents are largely rational, self-interested and driven by the pursuit ...

The main question discussed in current debates about the epistemology of testimony concerns whether the justification of testimonial beliefs is inferential or non-inferential. This thesis offers a novel argument for ...

Ontology attempts to answer the question What is there? Trying to pursue this question, contemporary analytic philosophers argue over whether there are tables over and above parti-cles arranged tablewise, whether ordinary ...

The best kind of tragedy concerns a person who is neither morally outstanding nor wicked, according to Aristotle in the Poetics. Tragedy should rather imitate a person who falls between these two extremes, and who comes ...

Dette essayet er en analyse av Harry Frankfurts (1929-) teori om fri vilje. Teorien utvikles gjennom ulike stadier og konsepter. I kapittel 1 tar jeg utgangspunkt i teksten Freedom of the Will and the Concept of a Person ...