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Through thick and thin: A need to reconcile contradictory results on trajectories in human cortical development

Walhovd, Kristine B; Fjell, Anders Martin; Giedd, J; Dale, AM; Brown, Timothy T.
Journal article; AcceptedVersion; Peer reviewed
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Walhovd+et+al+Through+thick+and+thin_postprint.pdf (1.035Mb)
Year
2016
Permanent link
http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-68163

CRIStin
1507748

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  • Psykologisk institutt [2864]
  • CRIStin høstingsarkiv [15190]
Original version
Cerebral Cortex. 2016, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhv301
Abstract
Understanding how brain development normally proceeds is a premise of understanding neurodevelopmental disorders. This has sparked a wealth of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies. Unfortunately, they are in marked disagreement on how the cerebral cortex matures. While cortical thickness increases for the first 8–9 years of life have repeatedly been reported, others find continuous cortical thinning from early childhood, at least from age 3 or 4 years. We review these inconsistencies, and discuss possible reasons, including the use of different scanners, recording parameters and analysis tools, and possible effects of variables such as head motion. When tested on the same subsample, 2 popular thickness estimation methods (CIVET and FreeSurfer) both yielded a continuous thickness decrease from 3 years. Importantly, MRI-derived measures of cortical development are merely our best current approximations, hence the term “apparent cortical thickness” may be preferable. We recommend strategies for reaching consensus in the field, including multimodal neuroimaging to measure phenomena using different techniques, for example, the use of T1 / T2 ratio, and data sharing to allow replication across analysis methods. As neurodevelopmental origins of early- and late-onset disease are increasingly recognized, resolving inconsistencies in brain maturation trajectories is important.
 
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