Avhandlingen omhandler TIB for barn i alderen 5-11 år og baserer seg på analyser av blant annet 108 terapisesjoner med barna. I fire kvalitative delstudier blir betydningen av felles fokus, sentrale tema i terapiprosessene ...

Background Over the last decades, due to high rates of immigration, many high-income countries have witnessed demographic shifts towards more cultural diversity in the population. Socio-economic deprivation ...

Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is often associated with life-long medical, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral changes. Although long-lasting disabilities are expected, research on effective ...

Contemporary models of health development highlight the importance of understanding health as a developmental process that continues throughout life and can be modified during developmental windows or by crucial events. ...

Background The quality of maternal-infant bonding is related to important child outcomes. The literature has assumed that the ability to form relationships is a relatively stable trait, and research studies have suggested ...

Background Aggregation of amyloid β into plaques in the brain is one of the earliest pathological events in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The exact pathophysiology leading to dementia is still uncertain, but the apolipoprotein ...

All traffic safety work conducted in Norway is based on the goal that nobody should be killed or severely injured in a traffic crash. According to this philosophy, called “Vision Zero”, road authorities will work proactively ...

With recent experiences of war, abuse and perilous journeys, unaccompanied asylum-seeking minors seek protection, safety and sustainable futures. Omland investigated the young persons' concerns, efforts and challenges to ...

The aim of this thesis is to inquire into the subjective experience of avoidant personality disorder. The approach is qualitative and interpretative phenomenological, with an ongoing focus on researcher reflexivity. A ...

Several studies have shown that unbalanced bilinguals activate both of their languages simultaneously during L2 processing; however, evidence for L2 activation while participants are tested exclusively in their L1 has been ...

Background Families can experience the postpartum period as overwhelming and many report a special need for support. The Newborn Behavioral Observation (NBO) aims to promote a positive parent-infant relationship by sensitising ...

Background A growing number of studies suggest that social isolation and loneliness are associated with premature mortality and are more prevalent among people with mental illness than in the general population, outlining ...

Background Recommended treatment for adolescent anorexia nervosa (AN) is usually family-based and an overarching treatment aim is to empower the parents to manage the difficult meals and aid their child ...

Illicit use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) has become widespread and is considered a public health problem worldwide. Approximately 30% of AAS users develop a dependence syndrome characterized by a maladaptive pattern ...

The relationship between executive function (EF) and social difficulties in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is investigated in the current thesis. Executive dysfunction is one of the cognitive ...

The aim of this doctoral thesis was to expand our understanding of how men in treatment for violence against their female partner experience the relationship to their children. We were interested in how men who were in ...

Previous structural and functional neuroimaging studies have implicated distributed brain regions and networks in depression. However, there are no robust imaging biomarkers that are specific to depression, which may be ...

Sleep problems are related to the elevated levels of the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) biomarker β-amyloid (Aβ). Hypotheses about the causes of this relationship can be generated from molecular markers of sleep problems identified ...

To investigate whether changes in serum lipids are associated with cognitive performance in first episode psychosis (FEP) patients during their first year of antipsychotic drug treatment. One hundred and thirty-two ...

Background Mental disorders and individual characteristics such as intelligence and personality are complex traits sharing a largely unknown neuronal basis. Their genetic architectures are highly polygenic and overlapping, ...

Background The present study examined the association between perinatal obstetric complications and executive dysfunction in early-onset schizophrenia (EOS), compared to healthy controls. Higher incidences ...

Persistent medically unexplained symptoms have debilitating consequences for adolescents, dramatically altering their social world and future aspirations. Few studies have focused on social and moral aspects of illness ...

In mothers, offspring cues are associated with a powerful reinforcing value that motivates maternal care. Animal studies show that this is mediated by dopamine release into the nucleus accumbens, a core component of the ...

Low academic achievements are predicted by early disadvantages. Because achievement gaps typically escalate with age, early efforts to prevent future academic disadvantages are called for. The current study examines whether ...

Objective The personal self of psychotherapists, that is, experiences of self in close personal relationships and its association with therapists' individual and professional attributes is explored. The study aimed to: ...

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe manic-depressive illness. Patients with BD have been shown to have gray matter (GM) deficits in prefrontal, frontal, parietal, and temporal regions; however, the relationship between ...

Aims Impairments in reflective functioning are known to have adverse effects on the ability to display sensitive parenting as a caregiver. Several factors are associated with impairments in reflective functioning, such ...

We investigated whether children born preterm are at risk for language delay using a sibling-control design in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), conducted by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. ...

The brain functional connectome forms a relatively stable and idiosyncratic backbone that can be used for identification or “fingerprinting” of individuals with a high level of accuracy. While previous cross‐sectional ...

Background The disease burden attributable to mental health problems and to excess or harmful alcohol use is considerable. Despite a strong relationship between these 2 important factors in population health, there are ...

Purpose Stuttering affects people in individual ways, and there are multiple factors which may influence a person’s goals when seeking therapy. Even though there is a common consensus that speech-language pathologists ...

Numerous cross-sectional studies have found a positive association between level of event centrality and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but the temporal course of this relationship is unclear. We aimed ...

This study examined the relationship between working memory capacity and narrative abilities in 5–6-year-old children. 269 children were assessed on their visual and verbal working memory and performed in a story retelling ...

Sexual health research tends to focus on problematic aspects of sexuality. This also applies to research on sexuality in older men and women, where attention has been primarily on the negative impact of aging. To contribute ...

Pregnant women with bipolar disorder (BD) have a high risk of illness relapse postpartum, including psychosis. Postpartum mood episodes occur in a psychologically sensitive phase of life and present significant implications ...

Across the world, teachers’ classroom assessment tasks and responsibilities are becoming more diverse due to increased migration. In this review, we address how migrant students are affected by assessment, both summative ...

Inhibition is one of the core concepts in cognitive neuroscience, referring to a higher-order control mechanism that can arrest or cancel the output of other functional systems. Inhibition of motor responses is assumed to ...

The aim of this systematic review is to answer the question: Is substantial, stable, and long‐term weight loss a viable goal for adults with obesity? To answer this question, we conducted a broad systematic search of ...

Work incapacity is a major public health challenge and an economic burden to both society and individuals. Understanding the underlying causes is becoming ever more relevant as many countries face an aging workforce. We ...

Orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is implicated in multiple cognitive processes, including inhibitory control, context memory, recency judgment, and choice behavior. Despite an emerging understanding of the role of OFC in memory ...

Images of European female and male faces were digitally processed to generate spatial frequency (SF) filtered images containing only a narrow band of visual information within the Fourier spectrum. The original unfiltered ...

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other neurodevelopmental disorders (NDs) are behaviorally defined disorders with overlapping clinical features that are often associated with higher‐order cognitive dysfunction, particularly ...

Background Adolescent depression is a common mental health problem and there is an urgent need for effective and accessible treatments. Internet-based interventions solve many obstacles for seeking and receiving treatment, ...

Peer action coordination has been often studied in terms of its underlying cognitive mechanisms, and little is known about its emotional processes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the extent to which ...

Meat eaters often have an ambivalent relationship with the common practice of killing animals for food. They enjoy the taste of meat but dislike the harming of animals that it entails. This moral conflict, often referred ...

Schizophrenia (SCZ) is associated with an increased risk of violence compared to the general population. Previous studies have indicated smaller hippocampal and amygdala volumes in violent than non-violent psychotic patients. ...

This article analyzes the intersection of psychology with global development policy and practice, reviewing how gender as a concept is negotiated and understood amongst men and women in rural Malawi. We argue that gender, ...

Purpose Exposure to additional environmental stress during computer work, such as visual and psychological demands, is associated with increased eye and neck discomfort, altered moods, and reduced well-being. The aim of ...

Brain asymmetry is inherent to cognitive processing and seems to reflect processing efficiency. Lower frontal asymmetry is often observed in older adults during memory retrieval, yet it is unclear whether lower asymmetry ...

Objective Cannabis is an acknowledged risk factor for some mental disorders, but for others the evidence is inconclusive. Prescribed medicinal drugs can be used as proxies for mental disorders. In this study, we investigate ...

Background Attention to and interpretation of symptoms are influenced by psychologic and contextual factors. Preoperative anxiety, and to some extent depression, has been found to predict the perceived impact of somatic ...

Sexual well-being is an important part of life for many people aged 60 and older. However, older adults often face barriers to seeking and receiving help for sexual difficulties. This study used data from a probability ...

Academic achievement is a strong preventive factor against marginalization. Children at risk of academic failure and drop out can benefit from out-of-school-time academic (OSTA) interventions. Wide-scaled implementation ...

Background: Attentional bias modification (ABM) may lead to more adaptive emotion perception and emotion regulation. Understanding the neural basis of these effects may lead to greater precision for the development of ...

Temperamental shyness in childhood is theorized to be an important contributor for adolescent personality. However, empirical evidence for such pathways is scarce. Using longitudinal data (N = 939 children, 51% boys) ...

The thesis examines developmental changes in fundamental neural and cognitive processes underlying attention and cognitive control across adolescence. Using electroencephalography (EEG), the results generally indicate that ...

Schizophrenia has traditionally been regarded as a severe mental illness with limited prospects of full recovery. Research on first-episode schizophrenia (FES) has provided some new insights, although there is still much ...

The intergroup relations between different status groups are not merely antagonistic relations. Thus, the main point of this research is to explore other possible intergroup relationship by adopting the relational mode ...

Conflict monitoring and adaption processes appear associated with frontal-midline theta (fm-theta). The support for this association is found in correlational electroencephalography (EEG) studies and a few transcranial ...

Following the “refugee crisis,” Germany has faced a rise in both right-wing and Islamist extremism. It has been argued that sports contexts may be suitable to reduce intergroup tensions including its more extreme forms, ...

Regarded as the product of prolonged and sustained efforts, creativity is still often associated with the rare moments when a solution to a problem suddenly bursts into consciousness: the hallmark of sudden insight. The ...

In a fragmented and accelerated world of globalization and emerging nationalism, social and cultural psychologists can play an important role to investigate the national and superordinate identities. This study addresses ...

When do people say that they are moved, and does this experience constitute a unique emotion? We review theory and empirical research on being moved across psychology and philosophy. We examine feeling labels, elicitors, ...

Background/Objective: In recent years, several slightly younger cohorts have been established in order to study the preclinical and prodromal phases of dementia. The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease ...

Cognitive deficits are a core feature of schizophrenia and appear with increased severity in early-onset schizophrenia (EOS). EOS is defined as onset of symptoms before 18 years of age. Affected youths often experience ...

Depression is the worldwide leading burden of disease and one of the most prevalent psychological disorders. Causes and mechanisms of depression are insufficiently understood. The ability to regulate emotion is important, ...

When communal sharing relationships (CSRs) suddenly intensify, people experience an emotion that English speakers may label, depending on context, “moved,” “touched,” “heart-warming,” “nostalgia,” “patriotism,” or “rapture” ...

Background We characterised the phenotypic consequence of genetic variation at the PCSK9 locus and compared findings with recent trials of pharmacological inhibitors of PCSK9. ...

Electroencephalographic (EEG) and magnetoencephalographic (MEG) signals can often be exposed to strong power line interference at 50 or 60 Hz. A widely used method to remove line noise is the notch filter, but it comes ...

Investigating the impact of school-age children’s ToM (declarative knowledge) on the way they interact (procedural skills) with another child and their performance in cooperative problem-solving tasks is a valid way to ...

Background. Anhedonia, defined as a reduced capacity to experience pleasure, has been associated with many clinical conditions, including major depressive disorder (MDD), schizophrenia (SCZ), substance use disorder (SUD) ...

Background Lithium is recommended as a first line treatment for bipolar disorders. However, only 30% of patients show an optimal outcome and variability in lithium response and tolerability is poorly ...

Depression is a debilitating disorder with a high prevalence compared to most other mental disorders. It has become increasingly apparent that depression is clinically heterogenous, most notably in terms of the breadth and ...

Childhood and adolescence captures a remarkable period of change, and is the central period for major reorganization and optimization of the cerebral cortex. This maturation is mirrored by major cognitive improvements ...

Bakgrunn: Huntingtons sykdom (HS) er en arvelig, nevrodegenerativ lidelse preget av somatiske og psykologiske symptomer. Sykdommen kan påvirke den rammedes omsorgsevne, familiemedlemmene rundt og spesielt barna som vokser ...

This study investigated the relationship between narcissism and OCB mediated by impression management motives (IM motives) and moderated by perceived performance appraisal. The study performed two analyses, one with ...

I dagens Norge er monogami ansett som den mest naturlige og selvsagte formen for samlivsorganisering. Norge kan derfor kalles en mononormativ kultur. Personer som praktiserer poly lever åpent med flere romantiske og/eller ...

The purpose of the current thesis was to elucidate the impact of the different social withdrawal subtypes (unsociability, avoidance, shyness, isolation) on several psychological outcomes - life satisfaction, loneliness and ...

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between organizational climate, individual readiness for change, and work fatigue. The thesis investigates global climate as conceptualized by Kuenzi (2008), based on ...

Innenfor utviklingspsykologien har det lenge blitt undersøkt hvilke faktorer som bidrar til at noen barn utvikler seg normalt, mens andre barn utvikler psykiske vansker. En betydelig andel av denne forskningen er drevet ...

Studien har undersøkt norske virksomheters praktiske bruk og erfaring med evidensbaserte seleksjonsmetoder i lederseleksjon. Formålet med studien var å sammenligne evidensbaserte standarder og virksomhetenes reelle HR-praksis ...

27 toppledergrupper fra den norske statsforvaltningen ble undersøkt for å kunne svare på om teamutvikling virker i ledergrupper. Toppledergruppene ble målt to ganger på 26 ulike variabler som omhandler effektivitet i ...

This study aimed to investigate for the first time the relationship between attachment, information seeking and epistemic trust in adults. The study takes a relational approach by investigating information seeking in the ...

In recent years there has been increased attention to child neurodevelopment in studies on medication safety in pregnancy. Neurodevelopment is a multifactorial outcome that can be assessed by various assessors, using ...

During the transitional age of adolescence, some – often girls – begin self-harming. A better understanding of their subjective experience of self-harm may reveal their sense of self and inform treatment adjustments. A ...

This study investigated how doctors communicate the uncertainties of survival prognoses to patients recently diagnosed with life‐threatening cancer, and suggests ways to improve this communication. Two hundred thirty‐eight ...

Taushet i psykodynamisk terapi har vært drøftet og forstått på ulike måter. Dette er en kvalitativ studie av en studentterapi, som har undersøkt problemstillingen: På hvilken måte kan oppmerksomhet på episoder med taushet ...

Background Health professionals in Norway are required by law to help safeguard information and follow-up with children of parents with mental or physical illness, or who have substance abuse problems, to ...

This dissertation is based on a prospective longitudinal study of fathers’ adverse childhood experiences, partner attachment style, anxious and depressive feelings during pregnancy, and experience of parenting stress in ...