The purpose of this collection is to discuss what we may learn from thinking about the EU in federal terms. Our point of departure is that this represents a two-fold challenge. It is on the one hand a matter of establishing ...

Currently, genome sequences of a total of 19 Porphyromonas gingivalis strains are available, including eight completed genomes (strains W83, ATCC 33277, TDC60, HG66, A7436, AJW4, 381, and A7A1-28) and 11 high-coverage draft ...

Insufficient suppression and connectivity of the default mode network (DMN) is a potential mediator of cognitive dysfunctions across various disorders, including attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, ...

Although the concept of inclusion of the other in the self (IOS) has been successfully assessed with explicit self-report measures implicit procedures have been neglected in past literature. The present article explores ...

Intrathecal drug and gene vector delivery is a procedure to release a solute within the cerebrospinal fluid. This procedure is currently used in clinical practice and shows promise for treatment of several central nervous ...

We consider systems with memory represented by stochastic functional differential equations. Substantially, these are stochastic differential equations with coefficients depending on the past history of the process itself. ...

This paper attempts to define the EU system of government through an innovative approach that, taking into account both the legal framework and the political practice, focuses on the confidence relationship between the ...

The concrete problem this paper addresses is the following: Given a set of objects with a spatial interpretation and a set of qualitative relations, construct a bintree representation that returns the same answers to queries ...

We theoretically consider the spin Seebeck effect, the charge Seebeck coefficient, and the thermoelectric figure of merit in superconducting hybrid structures including either magnetic textures or intrinsic spin-orbit ...

In this research report we propose a self-organizing media streaming solution that supports multiple interacting participants as well as a large number of observers. This solution is aimed at a number of emerging multimedia ...

Progressive and serious representations of homosexuality in Western mainstream video games are a recent phenomenon, and the Canadian developer BioWare has been instrumental in diversifying gender and sexuality representations ...

The extensive spatial and temporal coverage of many citizen science datasets (CSD) makes them appealing for use in species distribution modeling and forecasting. However, a frequent limitation is the inability to validate ...

The emotion commonly labeled in English as being moved or touched is widely experienced but only tacitly defined, and has received little systematic attention. Based on a review of conceptualizations from various disciplines, ...

An alternating sign matrix , or ASM, is a (0,±1)(0,±1)-matrix where the nonzero entries in each row and column alternate in sign, and where each row and column sum is 1. We study the convex cone generated by ASMs of order ...

A well-known application of Malliavin calculus in mathematical finance is the probabilistic representation of option price sensitivities, the so-called Greeks, as expectation functionals that do not involve the derivative ...

Although the bioeconomy has been embraced by many governments around the world as a way of responding to the grand challenge of climate change, it remains unclear what the bioeconomy is and how it can contribute to achieving ...

The renewed emphasis on national political boundaries across Europe would seem to go hand-in-hand with a weaker external personality for the EU. However, there are several prominent examples of EU leadership that challenge ...

The characterization of the Galactic foregrounds has been shown to be the main obstacle in thechallenging quest to detect primordial B-modes in the polarized microwave sky. We make use of the Planck-HFI 2015 data release ...

Climate change will affect the population dynamics of many species, yet the consequences for the long-term persistence of populations are poorly understood. A major reason for this is that density-dependent feedback effects ...

Previously, we have worked on verification of railway regulations against CAD designs, and integrated a verification engine into the tool chain of railway engineers. This tool was used successfully in a pilot project at ...

Individuals' role perceptions are central guides to their behavior and choices as members of an organization. Understanding organizational dynamics thus requires knowledge about the determinants of such role perceptions, ...

The influence of annealing on the microstructure and electrical properties of undoped polycrystalline ZnSb samples has been investigated by different experimental techniques. In situ XRD in an argon at- mosphere showed ...

We lift ambit fields to a class of Hilbert space-valued volatility modulated Volterra processes. We name this class Hambit fields, and show that they can be expressed as a countable sum of weighted real-valued volatility ...

We comment on the discretization of the Dirac equation using finite element spaces of differential forms. In order to treat perturbations by low order terms, such as those arising from electromagnetic fields, we develop ...

This chapter focuses on the practice of holding states and individuals responsible for genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity, referred to generally as ‘mass atrocity crimes’. The International Court of Justice ...

Minimally invasive surgery seems to reduce hormonal stress response to surgery, but has not previously been examined in major abdominal vascular surgery. Aortic cross-clamping time and operation time is known to be longer ...

Nuclear level densities and γ-ray strength functions of 56,57Fe have been extracted from proton-γ coincidences. A low-energy enhancement in the γ-ray strength functions up to a factor of 30 over common theoretical E1 models ...

Neutron-capture reactions play an important role in heavy element nucleosynthesis, since they are the driving force for the two processes that create the vast majority of the heavy elements. When a neutron capture occurs ...

Background Disability in older adults is associated with loss of independence, institutionalization, and death. The aim of this study was to study the association between the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test and all-cause ...

Refactoring is an essential operation in software engineering, with the purpose of improving the structural qualities of software. An emerging trend in software engineering is the use of model-driven approaches in which ...

There are many different numerical methods for solving the Navier-Stokes equations for problems with a free surface. Some examples are volume of fluid (VOF), Marker and cell (MAC), level set, smooth particle hydrodynamics ...

As findings on the neuropathological and behavioral components of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) continue to accrue, converging evidence suggests that macroscale brain functional disruptions may mediate their association. Recent ...

This article uses data from the 25,142-child study EU Kids Online to investigate the impact of sibling status on a child’s experience of online risk and opportunities. In general, the effects associated with having a sibling ...

In this paper we derive optimal subspaces for Kolmogorov nn-widths in the L2 norm with respect to sets of functions defined by kernels. This enables us to prove the existence of optimal spline subspaces of arbitrarily high ...

Assessing the probability of extreme precipitation events is consequential in civil planning. This requires an understanding of how return values change with return periods, which is essentially described by the generalized ...

Seeing someone in need may evoke a particular kind of closeness that has been conceptualized as sympathy or empathic concern (which is distinct from other empathy constructs). In other contexts, when people suddenly feel ...

This paper presents a method of automatic construction extraction from a large corpus of Russian. The term ‘construction’ here means a multi-word expression in which a variable can be replaced with an- other word from the ...

The major virulence factor of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli is the heat-labile enterotoxin (LT), an AB5 toxin closely related to the cholera toxin. LT consists of six subunits, the catalytically active A-subunit and ...

The study challenges the widespread assumption that the decision rule of ‘consensus’, whereby decisions are made by “tacit consent”, i.e. without voting and through the absence of open dissent, attributes veto power to ...

Against the background of growing interest in normative frameworks within Media and Communication Studies and Internet Studies, I propose a virtue ethics framework for Digital Religion (DR). This framework conjoins loving ...

The algebraic connectivity a(G) of a graph G is an important parameter, defined as the second smallest eigenvalue of the Laplacian matrix of G. If T is a tree, a(T) is closely related to the Perron values (spectral radius) ...

In model-driven engineering approaches, models are considered firstclass entities. The composition of models is a necessity for modelling software systems. Structural composition of models has been studied thoroughly during ...

Background: Impairments in executive functions (EFs) are related to binge drinking in young adulthood, but research on how EFs influence future binge drinking is lacking. The aim of the current report is therefore to ...

For stochastic conservation laws driven by a semilinear noise term, we propose a generalization of the Kružkov entropy condition by allowing the Kružkov constants to be Malliavin differentiable random variables. Existence ...

The nuclear level densities and γ-ray strength functions of 138,139,140La were measured using the 139La(3He,α), 139La(3He,'3He), and 139La(d,p) reactions. The particle-γ coincidences were recorded with the silicon particle ...

This book explores how feelings about gender have changed over three interrelated generations of women and men of different social classes during the twentieth century. The author explores the ways in which generational ...

In this article, we reflect critically on the research agenda on children’s Internet use, framing our analysis using Wellman’s three ages of Internet studies and taking as our case study the three phases of research by the ...

Leseforståelse kan ses som nøkkelen til læring og skolefaglig fungering. Siden narrativ kompetanse har vist seg å være en av komponentene som har betydning for utviklingen av leseforståelse, undersøkes sammenhengen mellom ...

In the 2016 US presidential election campaign, social media platforms were increasingly used as direct sources of news, bypassing the editorial media. With the candidates’ millions of followers, Twitter has become a platform ...

Selective harvesting, where some individuals are actively targeted or possess phenotypes rendering them more vulnerable to capture, is inevitably happening in all commercial and recreational fisheries. Selective harvesting ...

We present a representation of spatial data that supports answering of qualitative queries (involving e.g. containment and overlap), using less time than numerical computations on coordinates, and less space than explicitly ...

How do dancers engage with electronic dance music (EDM) when dancing? This paper reports on an empirical study of dancers' pleasurable engagement with three structural properties of EDM: (1) breakdown, (2) build-up, and ...

We consider the problem of finding a maximum k-regular induced subgraph of a graph G. Theoretical results are established to compare upper bounds obtained from different techniques, including bounds from quadratic programming, ...

Acknowledging that both analysts and practitioners face problems of meaningful categorization of social order in general, and the European political-administrative system in particular, this article suggests a conceptual ...

Aims: Low socioeconomic status (SES) characterizes smoking and nicotine dependence in adult samples. However, less is known about how parental SES is linked to smoking in offspring and potential mechanisms at work. Methods: ...

Går det an å gjera krav på juridisk eigarskap til eit ord, ordlag eller namn som er innarbeidd i allmennspråket? Dette er det usemje om, og usemja hamnar til tider i retten. I denne artikkelen skal eg ta for meg nokre ...

This review article, with a clear political science and public administration bias, takes stock of the existing literature on EU agencies and suggests a future research agenda. The article reviews studies on EU agencies' ...

We consider a scalar conservation law with zero-flux boundary conditions imposed on the boundary of a rectangular multidimensional domain. We study monotone schemes applied to this problem. For the Godunov version of the ...

One important class of applications for the Internet of Things is related to the need to gain timely and continuous situational awareness, like smart cities, automated traffic control, or emergency and rescue operations. ...

Three key questions guide this thesis. First, how is public communication of science and technology (PCST) organized in different models of expert–public interaction? Second, how do different models of science and technology ...

In order to decipher the nature of the slowly growing Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tuberculosis) lineage 7, the differentially abundant proteins in strains ofM. tuberculosis lineage 7 and lineage 4 were defined. Comparative ...

Almost half of the European Union (EU)’s population is exposed to road traffic noise above levels that constitute a health risk. Associations between road traffic noise and impaired sleep in adults have consistently been ...

Both worry and metacognitive beliefs have been found to be related to the development of anxiety, but metacognitive theory (Wells and Matthews, 1994; Wells, 2009) suggest that metacognitive beliefs may play a more prominent ...

There is increasing evidence to show that teachers’ epistemic cognition is related to how they conceive of and engage in teaching; therefore it is important that teachers develop adaptive epistemic cognition. This article ...

This article explores an international week in a Norwegian primary school from the perspective of the different participants. Such international weeks are typically organized in connection with the United Nations Day, to ...

This chapter is about sixteen-year-old Bahar (pseudonym) who grew up in Afghanistan and moved with her family to Norway at the beginning of her teens. Bahar is transnational in the sense that she has “moved bodily across ...

Vaginal infections are associated with high recurrence, which is often due to a lack of efficient treatment of complex vaginal infections comprised of several types of pathogens, especially fungi and bacteria. Chitosan, a ...

Objective: Late-life depression (LLD) is associated with development of different types of dementia. Identification of LLD patients, who will develop cognitive decline, i.e., the early stage of dementia would help to ...

Background: Despite the overall success of total hip replacement (THR) in patients with symptomatic osteoarthritis (OA), up to one-quarter of patients report suboptimal recovery. The aim of this study was to determine ...

Background: Cohort studies often report findings on children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) but may be biased by self-selection. The representativeness of cohort studies needs to be investigated to ...

A curious interconnectedness/consent conundrum marks today's world. Whereas states and societies are becoming more closely interconnected, increased proximity need not increase popular acceptance of federal democracy. ...

Antimicrobial resistance is a global concern that threatens our ability to treat common infectious diseases. Measures to reduce the spread of antimicrobial resistance are valuable, but new antimicrobial treatments are also ...

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is an economically and culturally important species. Norway has more than 400 watercourses with Atlantic salmon and supports a large proportion of the world’s wild Atlantic salmon. Atlantic ...

Some studies suggest that prenatal infection increases risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). This study was undertaken in a prospective cohort in Norway to examine whether we could find evidence to support an association ...

Background: Whereas the association between social support and psychological distress has been well-established through both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, less is known about whether social support influences ...

Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) is applied to distinct data sets in order to characterize the propagation of error arising from basis truncation in the description of turbulence. Experimental data from stereo particle ...

BACKGROUND: Children between the ages of 5 and 14 appear to have a lower risk of dying than both younger and older individuals. OBJECTIVE: We looked for possible factors influencing the mortality rates of school-age ...

Background: Long-term work absence is increasing in Western countries. More people suffer from subjective health complaints, such as musculoskeletal pain and depression-like symptoms. Social rights and benefits are based ...

Aims: Recent research suggests that early onset of intoxication (EOI) may be of greater importance for a wide range of subsequent adverse outcomes than early drinking experiences without intoxication. However, research on ...

Background Studies of Primary Health Care (PHC) reveal considerable practice variations in terms of the range of services provided. In Norway, general practitioners (GPs) are traditionally expected to perform IUD-insertions ...

Background The ability to appraise claims about the benefits and harms of treatments is crucial for informed health care decision-making. This research aims to enable children in East African primary schools (the clusters) ...

Background: Improved communication about childhood vaccination is fundamental to increasing vaccine uptake in low-income countries. Mozambique, with 64% of children fully vaccinated, uses a range of communication interventions ...

The scattered eastern African high mountains harbor a renowned and highly endemic flora, but the taxonomy and phylogeographic history of many plant groups are still insufficiently known. The high-alpine populations of the ...

I denne boken skriver forskere med ulik faglig bakgrunn om konkrete situasjoner, i nåtid og i fortid, der temaet å være fremmed og hjemme i samme rom står i sentrum. Forskergruppen bak boken har arbeidet med dette stoffet ...

Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are promising nanomaterials for biomedical applications. However, their inflammatory potential has not been fully established. Here, we used a lepirudin anti-coagulated human whole blood ...

Background: Meningococcal colonization is a prerequisite for transmission and disease, but the bacterium only very infrequently causes disease while asymptomatic carriage is common. Carriage is highly dynamic, showing a ...

This chapter focuses on the motivations and the criminal process’ dynamics that might lie at the root of infringements by Defense lawyers of the formal procedural rules and regulations of international criminal courts and ...

The European Union (EU) is the world’s biggest donor of aid to developing countries. The provision of EU aid is conditional on respect for human rights and democratic principles in the recipient countries. This article ...

Pathologically elevated immune activation and inflammation contribute to HIV disease progression and immunodeficiency, potentially mediated by elevated levels of prostaglandin E2, which suppress HIV-specific T cell responses. ...

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is particularly challenging for the immune system being an intracellular pathogen, and a variety of T cell subpopulations are activated by the host defence mechanism. In this study, we ...

Objectives: Poor vitamin D status has been reported to be highly prevalent in many non-western immigrant groups living in Norway and other western countries. However, data on rickets are scarce, and the aim of the current ...

In this thesis, I address people’s experiences of being born with a body that does not meet the normative definitions of male or female. The situation when sex characteristics develop in ways that do not conform to binary ...

Disability is increasingly salient as a word and increasingly heterogeneous as a category. Multiple interest groups and professions define disability in different ways, making it impossible to achieve a unitary theoretical ...

Aims Despite the success of statins, there remains unmet clinical need in cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention. New proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors reduce low-density lipoprotein ...

Today, researchers are expected to spend considerable energy describing and discussing their own social positions and personas in the field for at least two reasons: First, researchers always observe the field from a ...

Justifications for extending the Union’s boundaries to include new Member States have been much discussed. Only since the Brexit referendum have justifications for shrinking the Union’s boundaries through withdrawals of ...

Wildlife management systems face growing challenges to cope with increasingly complex interactions between wildlife populations, the environment and human activities. In this position statement, we address the most important ...

Background: Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a major pregnancy disorder complicating up to 8% of pregnancies. Increasing evidence indicates a sex-specific interplay between the mother, placenta and fetus. This may lead to different ...

Background: Attendance to routine cancer screening at repeated intervals is essential for reducing morbidity and mortality of targeted cancers, yet currently defined quality-assurance metrics evaluate coverage within a ...