Background The present study addresses the equality of school effectiveness across schools. One central aim of compulsory education is for students to learn equally well at all schools in a country even ...

Background Cognitive inflexibility and compulsive behaviours are commonly observed in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and are often considered to be caused by impairments in executive functioning and visuospatial ...

Abstract Poor metaphor comprehension was considered a hallmark of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but recent research has questioned the extent and the sources of these difficulties. In this cross-sectional study, we ...

In standardized testing, equating is used to ensure comparability of test scores across multiple test administrations. One equipercentile observed-score equating method is kernel equating, where an essential step is to ...

Abstract In psychometrics, the canonical use of conditional likelihoods is for the Rasch model in measurement. Whilst not disputing the utility of conditional likelihoods in measurement, we examine a broader class of ...

Abstract Whether boredom is a unitary construct or if multiple types of boredom exist is a long-standing debate. Recent research has established the existence of boredom types based on frequency observations of boredom by ...

The low-stakes character of international large-scale educational assessments implies that a participating student might at times provide unrelated answers as if s/he was not even reading the items and choosing a response ...

This note serves as a reminder that incremental fit indices are a form of standardized effect sizes and hence, all reservations with respect to interpretations of standardized effect sizes also transfer to their interpretation. ...

The relative school achievement of female and male students varies over time and domains. During the last decades, female participation in primary schooling has increased in countries at the low end of the income scale. ...

Children with low performance in early numeracy are at risk of facing learning difficulties in mathematics, but few trials have examined how this can be ameliorated. A total of 120 first-grade children ( M age = 6.4 years) ...

There is a widespread belief that older teachers have less innovativeness than younger ones; however, the evidence backing this is contradictory. This study examined the relation between age and teacher innovativeness—that ...

In spite of a body of research into subscale score reporting at the individual level, there exists a paucity of research into subscale score estimation in international large-scale assessment (ILSA). This dissertation aimed ...

Background: Bridging scores generated from different cognitive assessment tools is necessary to efficiently track changes in cognition across the continuum of care. This study linked scores from the Montreal Cognitive ...

As one of the important research areas of cognitive diagnosis assessment, cognitive diagnostic computerized adaptive testing (CD-CAT) has received much attention in recent years. Measurement accuracy is the major theme in ...

Mixed-worded scales require a more careful reading and answering process than scales with only one type of wording. The present study is about the unintended consequences of using such scales, because typically, not all ...

Although large-scale assessments (LSA) of school achievement claim to measure domain-specific achievement, they have been criticized for primarily measuring domain-general abilities. Numerous studies provide evidence that ...

Background Children with low-income parents have a higher risk of mental disorders, although it is unclear whether other parental characteristics or genetic confounding explain these associations and whether it is true ...

Complex problem solving (CPS), one of the most prominent 21st century skills, is an important educational goal. Previous studies have demonstrated that varying levels of proficiency in students’ problem solving processes ...

This study examines academic teachers' agency and emergency responses, prompted by the physical closure of universities and university colleges due to the COVID-19 crisis. The pandemic-related lockdown accelerated the ...

Computer coding—an activity that involves the creation, modification, and implementation of computer code and exposes students to computational thinking—is an integral part of today's education in science, technology, ...

Abstract The use of response formats in assessments of medical knowledge and clinical reasoning continues to be the focus of both research and debate. In this article, we report on an experimental study in which we address ...

We examined the concurrent relationship between narrative skills (the Renfrew Bus Story Test) and core language measures (vocabulary, grammar and verbal memory) at age 4 and the longitudinal relationship between core ...

Gjentatte finanskriser og den nåværende pandemisituasjonen avslørte de alvorlige konsekvensene av manglende økonomisk kunnskap i en betydelig andel av befolkningen. Selv om kompenserende tiltak har vist seg å være mest ...

Abstract Research to date on the effects of between-school tracking on inequalities in achievement and on performance has been inconclusive. A possible explanation is that different studies used different data, focused on ...

Several studies have conceptualized neuropsychological dysfunction as part of the core pathology and defining behaviors seen in the eating disorder anorexia nervosa (AN). The aim of the current review was to synthesize the ...

Sesjon is a general entrance exam to the Norwegian Armed Forces. Due to time limitations, it would be necessary to shorten some parts of sesjon to add new assessments. This study investigates whether it is feasible to ...

In the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS), instructional leadership is measured by the self-reports of principals on three items only. When this measure is investigated together with teacher satisfaction ...

In this chapter, we explore how pre-service early childhood teachers' mathematics pedagogical content knowledge, their skill in perceiving math-related situations and the skill in planning math-related actions within such ...

Background: Measurement advances are needed to enable the study of dyadic-level processes impacting couples coping with cancer. This study sought to develop and empirically examine a Dyadic Efficacy Scale for Cancer ...

Despite the sensitivity of fit indices to various model and data characteristics in structural equation modeling, these fit indices are used in a rigid binary fashion as a mere rule of thumb threshold value in a search for ...

This dissertation provides a thorough discussion of the results from three different empirical studies on inequalities in educational outcomes and equity policy in Ethiopia. Specifically, the studies focus on gender and ...

The purpose of this study is to examine leadership for learning practices across the world by establishing profiles of leadership at school and country levels. Consequently, the study brings to our attention the (ir)relevance ...

This eye-tracking study investigates how novice and expert teachers' noticing of classroom management events differs in two formats of instruction. 20 novices and 20 experts participated in the study, watching short video ...

Zusammenfassung. In dieser Softwareinformation werden die Möglichkeiten zur Konstruktion, Administration und Auswertung kriteriumsorientierter, computerisierter adaptiver und nicht-adaptiver Tests mit der R-basierten ...

This study examined absolute and relative judgment accuracies of German early childhood (EC) teachers with respect to the mathematical skills of the children under their supervision. The two types of judgment accuracies ...

Abstract Academic resilience refers to students’ capacity to perform highly despite a disadvantaged background. Although most studies using international large-scale assessment (ILSA) data defined academic resilience with ...

This paper addresses the development of performance-based assessment items for ICT skills, skills in dealing with information and communication technologies, a construct which is rather broadly and only operationally ...

What encourages an innovative environment in schools and what does that imply for teaching? An innovative environment is important for a school’s ability to adapt to societal changes and for students’ ability to cope with ...

Abstract Early childhood teacher education is considered crucial for the development of professional knowledge. However, little is known about the impacts of teacher educators, especially with respect to domain-specific ...

Abstract It is widely assumed that teachers play a key role in providing high-quality learning opportunities to students and fostering students’ learning. Yet it is still unclear how specific teacher knowledge facets as ...

The study examines beginning teachers’ and pre-service teachers’ motivation to teach in China. Data are drawn from questionnaires completed by 107 beginning teachers (full-time teachers with fewer than six years’ working ...

The expanding access and use of digital devices among young students led to ongoing debates about the advantages and disadvantages of such use. Educational organizations in particular were concerned about the impact of ICT ...

The COVID-19 pandemic led to numerous governments deciding to close schools for several weeks in spring 2020. Empirical evidence on the impact of COVID-19-related school closures on academic achievement is only just emerging. ...

This study examines homeroom teachers’ motivation and morality in their classroom-level leadership in China. Data are drawn from questionnaires completed by 137 junior middle school homeroom teachers from Tianjin city, and ...

Background Emergency Department (ED) visits and health care costs are increasing globally, but little is known about contributing factors of ED resource consumption. This study aims to analyse and to predict the total ...

Questionnaire scales that are mixed-worded, i.e. include both positively and negatively worded items, often suffer from issues like low reliability and more complex latent structures than intended. Part of the problem might ...

Questionnaire scales often include a combination of both positively and negatively worded items such as “I make friends easily at school” and “I feel lonely at school”. In this case, a respondent with a high sense of ...

With the aim of developing an assessment more appropriate for low-income countries, in 2013 the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development initiated the Programme for International Student Assessment for ...

Compositional items – a form of forced-choice items – require respondents to allocate a fixed total number of points to a set of statements. To describe the responses to these items, the Thurstonian item response theory ...

The concept of school climate has received much attention as a predictor of educational outcomes, including students’ well-being, academic achievement, and motivation. To measure this concept, international large-scale ...

Written exams in higher education are highly relevant for students, because success in their studies and access to the labour market depend on the exam results. But typical written exams do not do justice to this high ...

Technology acceptance has been widely discussed and examined in educational contexts. Despite the variety of models and measures describing teachers' technology acceptance, two key assumptions persist in the existing body ...

Der Erfassung von Unterrichtsqualität durch Beobachterratings ist in den letzten Jahren viel Aufmerksamkeit zuteilgeworden. Erste Evidenz liegt dabei auch zu deren Variabilität zwischen mehreren Unterrichtsstunden vor. ...

International large-scale assessments are very successful. One key factor of this success is their rigorous methodological and psychometric basis. Because education systems worldwide are subject to rapid changes, international ...

This chapter provides a brief overview of national and international large-scale assessment in Norway. Embedded in a range of assessment tools that consist of mapping tests in grades 1–4, national assessments in grades ...

The aim of the research described in this paper was to identify qualitatively different profiles of teachers’ general pedagogical knowledge (GPK) as a central component of their competence. We applied a mixed Rasch model ...

Previous studies of fetal death with maternal influenza have been inconsistent. We explored the effect of maternal influenza-like illness (ILI) in pregnancy on the risk of fetal death, distinguishing between diagnoses ...

The estimation of high-dimensional latent regression item response theory (IRT) models is difficult because of the need to approximate integrals in the likelihood function. Proposed solutions in the literature include using ...

This meta-analysis maps the evidence on the effectiveness of instructional approaches and conditions for learning computer programming under three study conditions: (a) Studies focusing on the effectiveness of programming ...

Abstract There are multiple item characteristics, some unrelated to mathematics, that can have an impact on item difficulty. Research into the effect of item characteristics such as number of words and comparative language ...

The item response theory (IRT) framework is commonly used for scoring and equating in high stakes tests to classify individuals into performance categories. However, IRT model misspecification such as assuming unidimensional ...

Reporting the reliability of the scores obtained from a scale or test is part of the standard repertoire of empirical studies in psychology. With reliability being a key concept in psychometrics, researchers have become ...

Children develop their mathematical competencies already during their early years. Therefore, effective learning environments provided by early childhood teachers are required. Early childhood teachers’ professional ...

Structural equation modelling (SEM) has become one of the most prominent approaches to testing substantive theories about the relations among observed and/or unobserved variables. Applying this multivariate procedure, ...

The concept of school climate has received much attention as a predictor of educational outcomes, including students’ well-being, academic achievement, and motivation. To measure this concept, international large-scale ...

Previous research has demonstrated the potential of examining log‐file data from computer‐based assessments to understand student interactions with complex inquiry tasks. Rather than solely providing information about what ...

Previous studies has found that the youngest students perform more poorly, on average, than older peers in school. This phenomenon is known as the relative age effect (RAE). In Norway, the age difference within a grade ...

The current study aims to examine the psychometric properties of the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders Module I (SCID-5-AMPD-I) assessing the Level of Personality ...

Abstract Purpose The Severity Indices of Personality Problems 118 (SIPP-118) is a self-report questionnaire that aims to measure core components of (mal)adaptive personality functioning that can change over time. ...

Aggressive adolescents are preferable in some Western cultures, whereas Confucianism places great emphasis on the inhibition of aggressive behaviors in Chinese culture. Using the longitudinal social network analysis, we ...

In a very short time, secondary school education across the globe transitioned to online learning and teaching, in response to the Covid-19 pandemic. This study aims at identifying teacher profiles in secondary education ...

Der in der TEDS-M-Studie (Teacher Education and Development Study: Learning to Teach Mathematics) entwickelte Test zur Erfassung pädagogischen Wissens am Ende der Lehramtsausbildung hat sich in diversen Untersuchungen als ...

In both educational and psychological research, the relation between socioeconomic status (SES) and academic achievement is the most widely examined contextual effect. While several research syntheses have reported evidence ...

Es wird ein Konzept für kompetenzorientierte E-Klausuren vorgestellt, das gekennzeichnet ist durch (1) die Operationalisierung kompetenzorientierter Lernziele, (2) eine kriteriumsorientierte Testwertinterpretation, (3) die ...

In this paper we examine the relationship between teachers’ knowledge, beliefs and instructional practices based on a study with 495 Chinese pre-service mathematics teachers. The results indicate that Chinese pre-service ...

Fixed-precision between-item multidimensional computerized adaptive tests (MCATs) are becoming increasingly popular. The current generation of item-selection rules used in these types of MCATs typically optimize a single-valued ...

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced a shift to online teaching and learning (OTL) in colleges and universities across the globe, requiring teachers to adapt their teaching in a very short time—independent of whether they were ...

Personal characteristics such as test anxiety or test-taking motivation might weaken the validity of results that are obtained in proficiency tests for school (self-) evaluation. Person fit statistics make it possible to ...

Die deutschsprachige Unterrichtsforschung unterscheidet bereits seit längerem drei Basisdimensionen der Unterrichtsqualität: Effiziente Klassenführung, konstruktive Unterstützung und Potential zur kognitiven Aktivierung. ...

Large‐scale assessments such as the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) have field trials where new survey features are tested for utility in the main survey. Because of resource constraints, there is a ...

Abstract Most of the research examining the relation between instructional quality (INQUA) and mathematics teachers’ competence was restricted to a limited set of competence facets. Furthermore, mostly variable-oriented ...

Even though equity is an important aim for the Nordic countries, for many of these countries, the effect of a student’s home background on their achievement seems to increase over time. If the aim is to reduce the effect ...

Abstract The paper uses data from the combined TIMSS (Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study) and PIRLS (Progress in International Reading Literacy Study) assessment in 2011 to explore the subject-specific ...

Gender differences in reading are a common finding in international assessments with girls usually outperforming boys. The difference in reading between girls and boys has been highlighted as an educational challenge in ...

In recent years, exclusion rates in PISA have risen in many countries, including a sharper-than-average rise in Norway. This article focuses on Norway’s experience with exclusion rates in PISA, including an analysis tracking ...

In diagnostic classification models (DCMs), the Q matrix encodes in which attributes are required for each item. The Q matrix is usually predetermined by the researcher but may in practice be misspecified which yields ...

The ability to construct meaning from texts is the core of reading. We report a meta-analysis and a systematic review of 64 longitudinal studies tracing the development of reading comprehension from preschool. Previous ...

The goal of this study was to investigate sources of evidence of convergent validity supporting the construct interpretation of scores on a simulation-based information and communication technology (ICT) skills test. The ...

This doctoral thesis scrutinizes the content dimension of the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) to explore: “What content-specific profiles can we obtain about the students’ strengths and ...

Context The ability to self‐monitor one's performance in clinical settings is a critical determinant of safe and effective practice. Various studies have shown this form of self‐regulation to be more trustworthy than ...

Die Fähigkeit, mathematische Inhalte in Spielsituationen der Kindertagesstätte zu identifizieren, um diese für eine angemessene Förderung mathematischer Kompetenzen bei Kindern zu nutzen, kann als ein wesentlicher Bestandteil ...