Celiac disease is a chronic inflammatory disorder resulting from mis-appropriate immune response toward ingested glu-ten proteins. Gluten-specific CD4+ T cells, as the key drivers for the pathogenesis can be identified by ...

Child abuse is prevalent and is one of the major public health burdens worldwide. Child abuse victims may suffer from psychological and physical health problems throughout the lifespan. In some child abuse victims, ...

In this thesis, we found that electrolyte imbalances (EIs) are common in unselected adult patients visiting the emergency department (ED), and that they are associated with longer length of stay in the hospital, readmissions, ...

Compared to a healthy population, the gut bacteria in type 2 diabetes appear to present with a deviating composition. However, clinical trials report beneficial effects of prebiotic fibres on the composition of gut bacteria ...

Snus is the most commonly used nicotine product among young women in Scandinavia, but the extent of use during pregnancy is less investigated. Normal fetal growth is dependent on a healthy placenta. The possible effects ...

Background Family involvement for persons with psychotic disorders is supported by scientific evidence, as well as legal and ethical considerations, and recommended in clinical practice guidelines. This ...

Background Healthcare providers need training to implement shared decision making (SDM). In Norway, we developed “Ready for SDM”, a comprehensive SDM curriculum tailored to various healthcare providers, ...

Background To identify key information regarding potential treatment differences in refugees and the host population, we aimed to investigate patterns (trajectories) of antidepressant use during 3 years ...

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a chronic gastrointestinal disease, often suffer from extraintestinal manifestations. These present most commonly as musculoskeletal conditions encompassing axial and peripheral ...

Background Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is the most common idiopathic inflammatory myopathy in children and adolescents. Both the disease and its treatment with glucocorticoids may negatively impact bone ...

Background Due to demographic changes, hospital emergency departments in many countries are overcrowded. Internationally, several primary healthcare models have been introduced as alternatives to hospitalisation. ...

Background Mental health policy internationally emphasizes patient centredness and personal recovery. This study investigated the relationship between satisfaction with mental health services among service ...

The gut microbiota has recently emerged as a potential treatment target in cardiovascular disease (CVD). Leakage of bacterial wall products and the production of microbial diet-dependent metabolites such as trimethylamine-N-oxide ...

Background Patients with Anorexia Nervosa (AN) often experience the transition between Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) and Adult Mental Health Services (AMHS) as challenging. This period ...

Introduction Successful inhibition of distracting emotions is important for preserving well‐being and daily functioning. There is conflicting evidence regarding the impact of healthy aging on emotional inhibition, and ...

Background Serum potassium levels have been positively associated with cardiovascular mortality, but little is known about the association with cancer mortality and death due to other causes. We examined ...

Background With a motivation of quality assurance, machine learning techniques were trained to classify Norwegian radiology reports of paediatric CT examinations according to their description of abnormal ...

Background The National Early Warning Score (NEWS2) is currently recommended in the UK for the risk stratification of COVID-19 patients, but little is known about its ability to detect severe cases. We aimed ...

Background Current nutritional management of infants born very preterm results in significant deficiency of the essential fatty acids (FAs) arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The impact ...

PurposeTo investigate the mortality in both in- and outpatients with personality disorders (PD), and to explore the associa-tion between mortality and comorbid substance use disorder (SUD) or severe mental illness ...

Long-term consequences of kidney donation have not been fully studied. We have investigated prevalence of common diseases among kidney donors, and assessed the risk of hypertension, ischemic heart disease, diabetes and ...

Background Little is known about the influence on outcome of exploration of the patient-therapist relationship (that is, transference work) in psychoanalytic psychotherapy. We hypothesized that depressed ...

Background There is high co-occurrence of substance use disorders (SUD) and mental health disorders. We aimed to assess impact of substance use patterns and sociodemographic factors on mental health distress ...

Background As the population of older adults continues to grow, changes in alcohol consumption are important to monitor because an increase may have public health consequences. Rates of alcohol use vary ...

Monica Strand and collaborators studied the role of digital support in transitions towards recovery-oriented practices for persons with long-term mental health problems. Few have studied how digital solutions might support ...

Road fatality numbers in Norway are low compared to most other countries, and decreasing. Since 2001, the road safety work has been based on a stated vision of zero lives lost. In order to further adapt the preventive ...

The macro- and microstructural architecture of human brain white matter undergoes substantial alterations throughout development and ageing. Most of our understanding of the spatial and temporal characteristics of these ...

Dislocation of an intraocular lens (IOL) inside the capsular bag may occur many years after uncomplicated cataract surgery and is often referred to as late in-the-bag IOL dislocation. The condition is one of the most common ...

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in Norwegian males, and the majority of men have no distant metastases at the time of diagnosis. These men are potential candidates for curative treatment with radical prostatectomy ...

Background There is increasing access to mental health services in biomedical settings (e.g., primary care and specialty clinics) in low- and middle-income countries. Traditional healing continues to be ...

Background Mental health professionals usually decide patients’ access to inpatient care to ensure care based on need and potential benefit. The purpose of the current study is to investigate how patients ...

Background Post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) is a frequent chronic complication of proximal deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the lower limb, but predictors of PTS are not well established. We aimed to examine ...

Background The trochanteric stabilizing plate (TSP) is used as an adjunct to the sliding hip screw (SHS) in unstable trochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures. We wanted to describe the choice of implant ...

Stroke is a major cause of death and disability. In order to prevent stroke, knowledge of risk factors is essential. This thesis aims to build on the expanding knowledge of stroke risk factors, by using data from the Oslo ...

Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent psychiatric condition associated with significant disability, mortality and economic burden. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and psychodynamic ...

Background Pain is prevalent in myotonic dystrophy 1 (DM1). This study investigated whether CTG repeat size, disease duration, BMI and motor and psychological function were related to pain in adult patients ...

Background Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) causes a recurring inflammation in nose and paranasal sinuses that clinically resembles chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) of other aetiologies. While sinonasal ...

Objective Despite critical hypoxemia, Covid-19 patients may present without proportional signs of respiratory distress. We report three patients with critical respiratory failure due to Covid-19, in which ...

Abstract In this paper we investigate various effects of inbreeding on the likelihood ratio (LR) in forensic kinship testing. The basic setup of such testing involves formulating two competing hypotheses, in the form of ...

Colonoscopy is considered the gold standard for detection of colorectal cancer and its precursors. Existing examination methods are, however, hampered by high overall miss-rate, and many abnormalities are left undetected. ...

Abstract Background Mortality and morbidity of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) remain high, and prognosis is influenced by multiple non-modifiable factors such as aSAH severity. By analysing ...

Whereas left atrial (LA) enlargement is an independent predictor for adverse cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality, this is regarded a physiological adaption of exercise. Paradoxically, LA size in athletes may ...

Background We aimed to assess the associations between cardiac troponin (cTn) T and I concentrations, physical exercise and the presence and severity of angiographic coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients evaluated ...

Background Considering the advantages of using medicinal herbs as supplementary treatments to sensitize conventional anti-cancer drugs, studying functional mechanisms and regulatory effects of Echinacea ...

Abstract Purpose Adjuvant chemotherapy for colon cancer with lymph node involvement (Stage III) has been the standard of care since the 1990s. Meanwhile, considerable evolvement of surgery combined ...

Castleman disease (CD) describes a group of rare hematologic conditions involving lymphadenopathy with characteristic histopathology and a spectrum of clinical abnormalities. CD is divided into localized or unicentric CD ...

Background Internationally, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) is commonly used to assess the frequency and severity of depressive symptoms. However, psychometric properties of the Norwegian version ...

The burden of disease in children and adolescents has changed from infections to non-communicable diseases, including overweight and obesity (OWOB). The aim of this thesis was to examine risk factors for OWOB in children ...

Objective Anastomotic leakage is a common complication following large abdominal surgery, often developing to life-threatening abdominal sepsis due to late diagnosis. Currently, diagnostics rely on systemic hemodynamic ...

Background Crisis resolution teams (CRTs) are specialized multidisciplinary teams intended to provide assessment and short-term outpatient or home treatment as an alternative to hospital admission for people ...

Nucleoprotein (N) is an immunodominant antigen in many enveloped virus infections. While the diagnostic value of anti‐N antibodies is clear, their role in immunity is not. This is because while they are non‐neutralising, ...

Computerized cognitive training (CCT) combined with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has showed some promise in alleviating cognitive impairments in patients with brain disorders, but the robustness and ...

Abstract Purpose The prevalence of deliberate self-harm (DSH) is high in young adults. However, few studies have examined risk in this specific age group. We, therefore, examined the relative influence ...

Investigating commonalities in underlying pathology of cognitive dysfunction and negative symptoms in schizophrenia is important, as both are core features of the disorder and linked to brain structure abnormalities. We ...

Accidental bromine spills are common and its large industrial stores risk potential terrorist attacks. The mechanisms of bromine toxicity and effective therapeutic strategies are unknown. Our studies demonstrate that inhaled ...

Objectives This study describes the cardiac phenotypes and markers of adverse outcome in athletes with ventricular arrhythmias with no other discernable etiology than high exercise doses. Background Little is known ...

Purpose Contemporary trauma resuscitation prioritizes control of bleeding and uses major haemorrhage protocols (MHPs) to prevent and treat coagulopathy. We aimed to determine whether augmenting MHPs with Viscoelastic ...

Background The majority of patients with hepatobiliary and pancreatic (HBP) malignancies are older than 65 years. Due to the heterogeneity of this older population, decisions regarding surgical treatment cannot rely ...

Background Previous studies have found a high prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children with achondroplasia, but clinical studies on this complication in adults with achondroplasia are ...

Abstract The recently discovered lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs), which cleave polysaccharides by oxidation, have been associated with bacterial virulence, but supporting functional data is scarce. Here we show ...

The aim of the present thesis was to investigate the frequency of sleep disturbances in severe mental disorders, if sleep disturbances are related to clinical features, and whether associations are transdiagnostic. This ...

Abstract Interleukin (IL)-33 is a cytokine that appears to mediate fibrosis by signaling via its receptor ST2 (IL-33R/IL1RL1). It is also, however, a protein that after synthesis is sorted to the cell nucleus, where it ...

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults. Despite treatment consisting of surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, survival is limited and usually do not extend beyond a year. A major challenge in ...

The present PhD-thesis investigates opportunities for improving management of surgically treated pancreatic cancer patients by incorporating patients’ experience. The aim was to explore the putative prognostic value of ...

Background The COVID-19 pandemic represents a global health crisis. How well people cope with this situation depends on many factors, including one’s personality, such as dispositional optimism. The aim of the study was ...

This cross‐sectional Physical Fitness Study compared cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2 peak), six‐minute walk test (6MWT), muscle strength (30sSTS), balance (BESS), and self‐reported physical activity level (IPAQ) in Norwegian ...

In hearts with left bundle branch block (LBBB), there is typically reduced function in the early-activated interventricular septum and compensatory increased function in the late-activated left ventricular (LV) lateral ...

This is a quantitative follow-up study of young patients recruited in their first treatment of a psychotic disorder. At baseline (N=90) and follow-up (N=56), the participants went through an extensive diagnostic and clinical ...

Abstract Clinical and epidemiological evidence suggest that loneliness is associated with severe mental disorders (SMDs) and increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the mechanisms underlying the ...

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). During infection, Mtb is continuously exposed to stress from the host immune system. In order to adapt and ...

Opioids have an important role in the treatment of postoperative pain, making them essential drugs in the field of anesthesiology. However, opioids have common side effects such as nausea, vomiting, constipation and ...

Background Alarmins are considered proximal mediators of the immune response after tissue injury. Understanding their biology could pave the way for development of new therapeutic targets and biomarkers ...

Background The incidence of hip fractures are expected to increase in the following years. Hip fracture patients have in addition to their fracture often complex medical problems, which constitute a substantial ...

Background Chronic pain constitutes a significant burden for the individuals affected, and is a frequent reason why patients seek health care services. While in-person psychosocial interventions can be of ...

Background We reported previously that rectal cancer patients given curative-intent chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery for non-metastatic disease had enhanced risk of metastatic progression and death if ...

Background Prognostic uncertainty is a challenge for physicians in the neuro intensive care field. Questions about whether continued life-sustaining treatment is in a patient’s best interests arise in ...

Infraclavicular nerve blocks are used for analgesia, anaesthesia and in special situations to improve peripheral circulation for the distal upper extremity. The aim of this thesis is to improve analgesic and circulatory ...

Purpose To evaluate the effect of imaging plane and experience of observers on the reliability of T2 mapping of native and repair cartilage tissue of the knee. ...

Background More than one third of Norwegian women and men between 20 and 40 years of age have elevated cholesterol concentration. Parental metabolic health around conception or during pregnancy may affect ...

Background Abnormal DNA methylation is observed as an early event in breast carcinogenesis. However, how such alterations arise is still poorly understood. microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression at the ...

Background Cervical cancer treatment and care remains limited in Zimbabwe despite the growing burden of the disease among women. This study was aimed at investigating strategies to address barriers in ...

Background The aggregation of amyloid β (Aβ) is central in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Recently it has been shown that specifically, larger, Thioflavin T-binding Aβ aggregates are associated ...

Background Postoperative pancreatic fistula after pancreatoduodenectomy is a much-feared complication associated with substantial mortality and morbidity. The current standard for diagnosing postoperative ...

In this thesis, we have worked on an immunological feature, which is characteristic for patients with coeliac disease; a disease, in which consumption of wheat, barley and rye results in inflammation of the gut. We found ...

Background Radioactive or stable isotopic labeling of metabolites is a strategy that is routinely used to map the cellular fate of a selected labeled metabolite after it is added to cell culture or to the ...

Early-Onset Schizophrenia (EOS) and Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are early- onset neurodevelopmental disorders associated with cognitive deficits. The current study represents the first attempt to compare ...

Objectives Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are associated with dementia severity and progression rate. NPS clusters have different neurobiological underpinnings; therefore, their effect on dementia progression may differ. ...

The entorhinal-hippocampal system contains distinct networks subserving declarative memory. This system is selectively vulnerable to changes of ageing and pathological processes. The entorhinal cortex (EC) is a pivotal ...

Abstract Alkylating drugs are among the most often used chemotherapeutics. While cancer cells frequently develop resistance to alkylation treatments, detailed understanding of mechanisms that lead to the resistance ...

The aims of this thesis were to investigate: 1) the feasibility of delivering a compensatory cognitive rehabilitation intervention to individuals with mild and moderate TBI in Norway, 2) the effectiveness of a combined ...

Concerns related to the first outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Norwegian population are studied in a cross-sectional web-survey conducted between 8 April and 20 May 2020. The qualitative thematic analysis of the ...

Background: High intake of marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) has been associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular events; however, this has not been confirmed in patients with a recent acute myocardial ...

Abstract Purpose To evaluate whether an arterial phase scan improves the diagnostic performance of computed tomography to identify pelvic trauma patients who received angiographic intervention on ...

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is now well‐known to reduce patients' health‐related quality of life. However, data describing which signs and symptoms patients and physicians perceive as having the greatest impact are ...

Background Adherence to clinical practice guidelines for coronary heart disease (CHD) reduces morbidity, mortality and treatment costs. We aimed to describe and compare adherence to prescription guidelines ...

Motion-sound synesthesia is characterized by illusory auditory sensations linked to the pattern and rhythms of motion (dubbed “Mickey Mousing” as in cinema) of visually experienced but soundless object, like an optical ...

This thesis explores energy-efficient ways of pacing single cardiomyocytes and signal transmission for the potential use of such cells in future nano-actuator pacemaker networks. Leads necessary in conventional pacemakers ...

Background & Aims To influence host and disease phenotype, compositional microbiome changes, which have been demonstrated in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), must be accompanied by functional changes. ...

Antibiotic resistance is an emerging threat to public health. The development of a new generation of antimicrobial compounds is therefore currently required. Here we report a novel antimicrobial polymer of chitosan/polypropylene ...

Obesity during childhood and adolescence increases the likelihood of obesity in adulthood, negatively affects psychological and physical health, and is associated with increased levels of cardiovascular risk factors. ...