Background The concept of pioneer transcription factors is emerging as an essential part of the epigenetic regulation, taking place during cell development and differentiation. However, the precise molecular ...

Background The prevalence of major depression (MD) according to population studies is the same for old (65 years and older) and younger adults. In contrast, an elevated proportion of old MD patients are ...

Background Enteroviruses are the most common causative agents of human illness. Enteroviruses have been associated with regional and global epidemics, recently, including with severe disease (Enterovirus ...

Background Adolescents treated for self-poisoning with medication have a high prevalence of mental health problems and constitute a high-risk population for self-harm repetition. However, little is known ...

Background Pre-hospital advanced airway management with oxygenation and ventilation may be vital for managing critically ill or injured patients. To improve pre-hospital critical care and develop evidence-based ...

Inflammatorisk tarmsykdom (IBD) er en kronisk tilstand som oftest rammer unge mennesker. Etiologien er kun delvis kartlagt og forekomsten er økende. Magesmerter, diare og fatigue er typiske symptomer. IBD rammer i tillegg ...

More than 600 000 children die yearly due to the consequences of perinatal asphyxia/intrapartum events. In addition, a large number of children will suffer from severe neurological complications. We have performed an ...

Background One explanation for the persistence of schizophrenia despite the reduced fertility of patients is that it is a by-product of recent human evolution. This hypothesis is supported by evidence ...

Background Experimental active compression-decompression (ACD) CPR is associated with increased haemodynamic outcomes compared to standard mechanical chest compressions. Since no clinically available ...

Background The lack of an antidote against factor Xa inhibitors in case of major bleeding or need for urgent surgery is a concern to clinicians. Guidelines on managing major bleeding in patients under ...

Inflammatorisk tarmsykdom (IBD) er betennelsestilstander i tarmen med hovedsakelig ukjent sykdomsårsak, og består av sykdomsgruppene morbus crohn (CD) og ulcerøs kolitt (UC). Medisinsk behandling har som mål å dempe symptomer ...

Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia type 1 (CPVT1) is a rare disease caused by inherited mutations in the cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) that lead to ventricular tachycardia (VT) triggered by acute ...

The purpose of this thesis was to study dizziness-related disability and to investigate the effect of a modified group-based vestibular rehabilitation intervention (VR) in patients with mild-to-moderate traumatic brain ...

Background From the public health perspective, epidemiological data of child mental health and psychosocial correlates were necessary and very lacking in Lithuanian society that has been undergoing rapid ...

Background Involuntary care and coercive measures are frequently present in mental healthcare for adolescents. The purpose of this study was to examine to what extent adolescents perceive or experience ...

In forensic genetics, massively parallel sequencing (MPS) has become a realistic alternative to the standard capillary elec-trophoresis. MPS has the potential to both improve DNA-profiling and to provide information beyond ...

The burden of hepatitis C virus (HCV) related liver disease among people who inject drugs (PWID) is increasing. Current highly efficient, simple, and tolerable directacting antiviral (DAA) HCV treatment provides new ...

Sundby and co-workers have in this thesis studied the isolated effects of applying mild negative pressure (-40 mrnHg) to the limb on foot macro- and microcirculation in healthy volunteers, patients with peripheral arterial ...

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in men and women worldwide. Surgical resection is recommended treatment for limited disease of non-small cell lung cancer. Biological factors such as age, body mass index, ...

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common musculoskeletal disorder. During the past decades, the concepts of OA have been forever changed with the application of modern imaging techniques such as ultrasonography. While ...

Data from Swedish health care registries, being nationwide and linkable with other registers by using personal identification number, provides an excellent source for disease insights from various aspects. Paper I showed ...

Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is assumed to be the major cause of chronic liver disease (CLD) in sub-Saharan Africa. The contribution of other aetiological causes of CLD is less well documented ...

Background The National Guideline for Assessment, Treatment and Social Rehabilitation of Persons with Concurrent Substance Use and Mental Health Disorders, launched in 2012, is to be implemented in mental ...

Background Work disability involves large costs to the society as well as to the individual. Work disability is common among people with chronic pain conditions, yet few effective interventions exist. ...

Background Experiencing a stillbirth can be a potent stressor for psychological distress in the subsequent pregnancy and possibly after the subsequent birth. The impact on women’s relationship with her ...

Background Personality is considered as an important aspect in persons with psychotic disorders. Several studies have investigated personality in schizophrenia. However, no study has investigated stability ...

Background Acquired primary chromosomal changes in cancer are sometimes found as sole karyotypic abnormalities. They are specifically associated with particular types of neoplasia, essential in establishing ...

Background Renal angiomyolipomas (AMLs) are a major clinical feature in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Spontaneous bleeding can be life threatening, and appropriate information and proper ...

This thesis investigates several issues in DCE-MRI of high-grade gliomas for the purpose of optimizing the sequence for increased reproducibility of the estimated kinetic parameters. The effect of reducing the temporal ...

Background Obesity during adolescence is associated with cardiovascular mortality in adulthood. The adverse obesity-related cardiometabolic risk profile is already observed in adolescence. We aimed to examine ...

Background Parkinson’s disease is a heterogeneous disorder where genetic factors may underlie clinical variability. Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a parasomnia strongly linked to ...

Background Mental disorders often have onset early in life, contribute substantially to the global disease burden, and may interfere with young people’s ability to complete age-relevant tasks in important ...

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) leads to venous stasis, vessel injury, and hypercoagulability which favor thrombosis generation. Therefore, the majority of patients receive anticoagulants to prevent thromboembolism. These ...

We have previously shown that aberrant promoter methylation of ZNF331 is a potential biomarker for colorectal cancer detection with high sensitivity (71%) and specificity (98%). This finding was recently confirmed by others, ...

Background Patients with severe mental illness may be subjected to Community Treatment Orders (CTOs) in order to secure that the patients adhere to treatment. Few studies have investigated the use of CTOs ...

Background Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) allows absolute quantification of nucleic acids and has potential for improved non-invasive detection of DNA methylation. For increased precision of the methylation ...

Helicobacter pylori is an ulcer-causing bacterium that evolutionary needs to adapt quickly to changing conditions. Hilde Synnøve Vollan’s bioinformatics studies revealed that H. pylori outer membrane phospholipase A (OMPLA) ...

Background Although chemo-immunotherapy has led to an improved overall survival for most B-cell lymphoma types, relapsed and refractory disease remains a challenge. The malaria drug artesunate has previously ...

Background There is considerable evidence that many complex traits have a partially shared genetic basis, termed pleiotropy. It is therefore useful to consider integrating genome-wide association study ...

Background Studies have shown that dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) is effective in reducing self-harm in adults and adolescents. Aims ...

Background Knowledge about disease and treatment is necessary before patients can consent to treatment. One of the few established instruments for evaluating whether sufficient information has been provided, ...

Aims: Data on long-term healthcare costs of patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) is limited, and the aim of this study was to investigate healthcare costs for PAD patients at a nationwide level. Methods and ...

The recent identification of potential intrinsic retinal stem cells (RSCs) in the adult mammalian eye has sparked hopes of providing new stem cell-based therapies for the millions of people worldwide who suffer from blindness ...

Background Depression is associated with immunological responses as reflected by altered levels of circulating cytokines. Alcohol use and trauma may modulate immune activity, and few studies have investigated ...

Over the last decades, research has gradually increased its focus on patients’ expectations and their potential clinical importance. Most noteworthy, perhaps, is the suggested association between patients’ expectations and ...

Background Quality control after phonosurgery is important and may be time consuming. Often questionnaires focusing on quality of life are applied. We aimed at investigating the use of organ specific symptoms, ...

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a heterogeneous group of tumors that can arise in a wide range of organs. They are characterized by their ability to produce different peptides and neuroamines that can cause distinct ...

Background Polycythemia vera is a myeloproliferative disease that sometimes evolves to myelofibrosis, causing splenomegaly and neutropenia. In this case report, we describe a patient with polycythemia vera ...

Background Stroke is a major public health threat globally. Psychosocial well-being may be affected following stroke. Depressive symptoms, anxiety, general psychological distress and social isolation are ...

Background The Cochrane review on the effectiveness of speech and language therapy for aphasia following stroke suggests intensity of therapy is a key predictor for outcome. Current aphasia services cannot ...

Following publication of the original article [1], one of the authors reported that his name had been spelled incorrectly. It should be Galappaththi-Arachchige, not Galapaththi-Arachchige.

Variability in functional outcome after ileal pouch-anal anastomsis is to a large extent unexplained. The aim of the thesis was to investigate postoperative function, and to examine well and poorly functioning patients to ...

Shoulder pain is very common, and subacromial pain syndrome is the most common diagnosis. Radial Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (rESWT) is a treatment modality that is frequently used to treat this condition, despite ...

The purpose of this thesis was to estimate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and associated disability in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) for more than 45 years and a control group. All persons went ...

Tvangsinnleggelse, tvangsbehandling og tvangsmidler er inngripende tiltak som kan brukes ved alvorlig psykisk lidelse. Likevel samsvarer ikke alltid bruk av tvang med pasientenes opplevelse av å være tvunget. I studien ...

Objective: This study investigated subtype differences in eating disorder-specific impairment in a treatment-seeking sample of individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN). Method: The Clinical Impairment Assessment (CIA) and ...

When an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) occurs, patient outcome can be influenced by bystanders ability to start cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) before ambulance arrival. Recognition of cardiac arrest and provision ...

Background Anorexia nervosa (AN) in adults is difficult to treat, and no current treatment is supported by robust evidence. A few studies, most of which were performed by highly specialized research units, ...

Paper II: Targeting antigen to Major Histocompatibility Complex II accelerates the germinal center reaction Targeting of antigen to Major Histocompatibility Complex II (MHCII) receptors on APCs increases immunogenicity ...

Background In order to investigate the impact of adherence to recommendations of physical activity and sedentary time on health outcomes in clinical trials, there is a need for feasible tools such as ...

Background Several patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) are available for assessing the outcomes of ankle fracture but few have been compared for recommended measurement properties. This study compares ...

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a part of the human microbiome and the leading invasive pathogen in newborns. GBS colonizes the intestinal and vaginal tract, and maternal colonization is the most important risk factor for ...

Clinically non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) are tumours originating from the anterior pituitary, without clinical symptoms of uncontrolled hormone overproduction. These pituitary adenomas may originate from all ...

Storage of human retinal pigment epithelium (hRPE) can contribute to the advancement of cell-based RPE replacement therapies. The present study aimed to improve the quality of stored hRPE cultures by identifying storage ...

Background In Norway, data on the association between second-hand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure at home and respiratory symptoms in adults are limited. Methods ...

Forebygging av hjerteskade ved cellegift og strålebehandling for tidlig brystkreft Brystkreft er den vanligste kreftformen blant kvinner. Moderne kreftbehandling har bedret overlevelsen, men medisinsk tilleggsbehandling ...

This dissertation concerns some of the possible advantages of totally laparoscopic aortobifemoral bypass surgery in the treatment of aortoiliac occlusive disease, with focus on the postoperative inflammatory reaction, the ...

Until recently, pancreas transplantation has mostly been performed with exocrine drainage via duodenojejunostomy (DJ). Since 2012, DJ was substituted with duodenoduodenostomy (DD) in our hospital, allowing endoscopic access ...

There is a quest for production of soluble protein of high quality for the study of T-cell receptors (TCRs), but expression often results in low yields of functional molecules. In this study, we used an E. coli chaperone-assisted ...

Literature that deals with mental health adversities in unaccompanied minor asylum-seekers (UM), is usually based on self-report questionnaires, rarely on clinical interviews. The results indicate high levels of psychological ...

People with personality disorders frequently face stigma, ignorance and pessimism regarding the treatability of their disorders. This is despite substantial progress that has been made in developing a number of effective ...

Background Migraine is a common headache disorder that affects mostly women. In half of these, migraine is menstrually associated, and ranges from completely asymptomatic to frequent pain throughout ...

Background Despite its popularity as an inferential framework, classical null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) has several restrictions. Bayesian analysis can be used to complement NHST, however, this ...

Background Exposure to traffic-derived particulate matter (PM), such as diesel exhaust particles (DEP), is a leading environmental cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and may contribute to endothelial ...

Background Circulating adiponectin (ADPN) levels are inversely associated with disease severity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), while studies assessing the relationship between ...

Acetabular fractures are rare injuries with and annual incidence of around 3 per 100 000 persons. Approximately half of these injuries are treated operatively, posing a great challenge to the treating orthopedic surgeon. ...

Background The South Eastern Health Region in Norway serves approximately 2.8 million people, which is more than half of Norway’s population. Physical medicine and rehabilitation services are provided by 9 ...

As part of the adaptive immune response, B cells are central to our defence against an unlimited type of pathogens. However, B cells and antibodies can be harmful in allergic or in autoimmune responses. Inherited or acquired ...

Objective: To identify and classify all clinical decisions that emerged in a sample of patient–physician encounters and compare different categories of decisions across clinical settings and personal characteristics. Design: ...

Background Dystonia-deafness syndrome is a well-known clinical entity, with sensorineural deafness typically manifesting earlier than dystonia. ACTB p.Arg183Trp heterozygosity has been reported in six ...

Background The Oslo Study of Clonidine in Elderly Patients with Delirium (LUCID) is an RCT investigating the effect of clonidine in medical patients > 65 years with delirium. To assess the dosage regimen ...

High quality care relies on interprofessional teamwork. We developed a short simulation-based course for final year medical, nursing and nursing anaesthesia students, using scenarios from emergency medicine. The aim of ...

Background Long-term use of opioid analgesics (OA) for chronic pain may result in opioid use disorder (OUD). This is associated with adverse outcomes for individuals, families and society. Treatment needs ...

Treatment seeking patients with severe obesity might choose between specialized medical treatment and surgical treatment. Knowledge of what distinguishes patients that choose either treatment is sparse, with greater ...

Background The development of both chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer (LC) is influenced by smoking related chronic pulmonary inflammation caused by an excessive innate immune ...

Background & aims: Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is an accessible and cheap method to measure fat-free mass (FFM). However, BIA estimates are subject to uncertainty in patient populations with altered body composition ...

Cardiac computational models, individually personalized, can provide clinicians with useful diagnosticinformation and aid in treatment planning. A major bottleneck in this process can be determining modelparameters to fit ...

Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is a novel approach in drug use epidemiology, which may provide more objective estimates of illicit drug use in a community. Simple summary statistics and specification tests have typically ...

Computational models of cardiac mechanics, personalized to a patient, offer access to mechanical information above and beyond direct medical imaging. Additionally, such models can be used to optimize and plan therapies ...

Background The prevalence of psychotropic drug (PTD) use in NH residents is high, but few have explored prevalence and persistency in PTD in NH residents and factors associated with persistency. This at the ...