Since its introduction in the 1990s, laparoscopic fundoplication has gradually replaced open fundoplication as the gold standard for surgical treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease in children. Despite its widespread ...

Background Cancer patient pathways (CPPs) were implemented in Norway to reduce unnecessary waiting times, regional variations, and to increase the predictability of cancer care for the patients. This study ...

Worldwide today, 38 million people live with HIV and in 2020 700.000 died of HIV related disease. HIV infects CD4 T cells and causes a gradual decline in these cells. Antiretroviral treatment (ART) will in most people ...

Background Chronic pain conditions entail significant personal and societal burdens and improved outreach of evidence-based pain self-management programs are needed. Digital cognitive-behavioral self-management ...

Alcohol and drug abuse is associated with a variety of medical conditions in intensive care (ICU) patients. However, although substance abuse represents a potentially modifiable risk factor for critical illness, the scope ...

The timing of menopause influences the length of the period when reproduction is possible, and also the risk of disease and early death. The aims of the thesis were to study if age at natural menopause has changed over ...

Genetic variants in connective tissue proteins can cause heritable disorders, often affecting the cardiovascular system, and heart failure is a frequent cause of death in these patients. In the present work, Rypdal and ...

In peripheral artery disease (PAD), arterial blood flow to the extremities is impeded. Exposure of the extremity to cyclic pressure changes increases the macro- and micro circulation. This has recently become a treatment ...

Objectives To explore the frequency and predictors of flares over 2 years during a treat-to-target strategy with urate-lowering therapy (ULT) in patients with gout. ...

Background Shared decision making (SDM) is a process where the patient and the health professional collaborate to make decisions based on both the patient’s preferences and the best available evidence. ...

Background All stroke patients should receive timely admission to a stroke unit (SU). Consequently, most patients with suspected strokes – including stroke mimics (SM) are admitted. The aim of this study ...

As many as 40% of hypertensive patients are unable to reach their blood pressure target despite treatment with antihypertensive drugs. Over the last years, medication non-adherence have emerged as one of the most important ...

Methylation of cytosines on DNA is a prominent modification associated with gene expression regulation. Aberrant DNA methylation patterns have recurrently been linked to dysregulation of the regulatory program in cancer ...

Critically ill and injured patients need lifesaving measures immediately. Emergency response teams are therefore commonly used to manage these patients in the emergency department (ED). There are few reports on the use ...

Background Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) occur frequently in people with dementia and can contribute to an increased need for help and a reduced quality of life, but also predict ...

Background Aerobic exercise is an important part of obesity treatment and may improve health-related quality of life (HRQOL). The objective of this study was to compare the effect of two different exercise ...

Diagnostic labels as Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME) and Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease (SEID) represent different approaches to the enigmatic phenomenon of long-lasting unexplained ...

Background Matching treatment based on tumour molecular characteristics has revolutionized the treatment of some cancers and has given hope to many patients. Although personalized cancer care is an old ...

Antibody-based biopharmaceuticals have revolutionised treatment of inflammatory joint diseases in the last two decades. However, a considerable proportion of patients fail to achieve, or lose response. Individualised dosing ...

Background Adolescents are recommended to get 8–10 h of sleep at night, yet more than 80% fail to obtain this goal. Energy drink (ED) consumption has been linked to later bedtime in adolescents. Therefore, ...

Background In Western countries, the typical cervical spine fracture (CS-Fx) patient has historically been a young male injured in a road traffic accident. Recent reports and daily clinical practice clearly ...

Background The fibrinolytic system plays an important role in coronary artery atherothrombosis, and especially circulating plasminogen-activator inhibitor (PAI) type 1 (PAI-1) associates with increased ...

Understanding the level and causes of maternal death is a key for averting preventable death. Most of the major causes of maternal deaths can be prevented or treated with effective and timely clinical interventions, however, ...

Background In older patients with polypharmacy and multiple comorbidities, even low grades of statin-associated muscle symptoms may have clinical implications. The aim of this study was therefore to ...

Background Older patients are the most frequent users of initial hospital admissions and readmissions. Both hospital admission and discharge require communication and coordination between healthcare ...

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major health burden. Screening can reduce both incidence and mortality of CRC. Endoscopic screening with sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy and testing for occult blood in stool are the most frequently ...

The extended D3-mesenterectomy during right colectomy for cancer aims for improved cancer survival by removing the draining lymph nodes around the superior mesenteric vessels. The procedure, however, causes an injury to a ...

A significant number of IBD patients still develop colitis associated colorectal cancer (CACRC). Guidelines, therefore, recommend colonoscopic surveillance at intervals based on a patient´s individual risk determined by ...

The main findings of this study was the large variability in prednisolone and prednisone plasma concentrations between patients, even after adjusting for dose and bodyweight. Glucocorticoids remain cornerstones in ...

Cancer is still in many cases an incurable disease in urgent need for effective therapies and personalized treatment protocols. The work in this Thesis presents a drug sensitivity screening approach to test a number of ...

Background Components of crisis resolution teams’ (CRTs) practices have been defined in recommendations and a fidelity scale, and surveys have reported how team leaders describe CRT practices. However, ...

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is one of the most successful treatments offered within the field of orthopedic surgery. There is considerable patient satisfaction, pain reduction and increased activity level for patients ...

Background Foot disorders affect up to one quarter of the adult population. Plantar fasciopathy is a common cause of foot pain associated with decreased activity level and quality of life. Patient-reported ...

Background Protein truncating variants in ATM, BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2, and PALB2 are associated with increased breast cancer risk, but risks associated with missense variants in these genes are uncertain. ...

Background Suicidal ideation may signal potential risk for future suicidal behaviors and death. We examined the prevalence of recent suicidal ideation in patients with mental illness and concurrent substance ...

Background Self-harm in adolescents is an increasing public health concern and an important risk factor for suicide. We aimed to examine how age of self-harm onset in adolescents was associated with frequency ...

Background Genetic variants within the APOE locus may modulate Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk independently or in conjunction with APOE*2/3/4 genotypes. Identifying such variants and mechanisms would importantly ...

Background Endometriosis and adenomyosis are common benign conditions compromising both physical and psychological health, with a negative impact on quality of life. This survey aimed to establish what the ...

Background In Norway, an annual tender system for the prescription of biologic and targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (b/tsDMARDs) has been used since 2007. This study aimed to explore ...

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and other fibrotic interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are associated with substantial mortality, symptoms, and impairment in health-related quality of life (HRQL). Questions remain about ...

Background Axillary lymph node (LN) metastasis is one of the most important predictors of recurrence and survival in breast cancer, and accurate assessment of LN involvement is crucial. Determining extent ...

Background We aimed to create a questionnaire to assess the health-related quality of life including functioning, symptoms, and general health status of adult patients with current or previous COVID-19. ...

Background Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple common breast cancer susceptibility variants. Many of these variants have differential associations by estrogen receptor (ER) ...

Cardiac troponin is the preferred biomarker of myocardial injury and is essential in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. In the general population and in patients with chronic coronary syndromes concentrations ...

Background In South-Eastern Norway, genetic testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 is offered to breast cancer patients by their treating surgeon or oncologist. Genetic counselling from a geneticist or a genetic ...

Introduction Infections due to extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing organisms (ESBL) have emerged as the leading cause of sepsis among hospitalized neonates in Botswana and much of sub-Saharan Africa ...

Background This study examined the relationship between service user-rated personal recovery and clinician-rated and service user-rated clinical recovery. The relationships between different subdomains of ...

Background Angular stable plates were introduced two decades ago as a promising treatment for fixation of displaced fractures of the proximal humerus (PHF). However, high rates of adverse events and ...

Background Frail older persons with cognitive impairment (CI) are at special risk of experiencing delirium during acute hospitalisation. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a dementia-friendly ...

Myalgic encephalopathy/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a chronic and debilitating disease that affects about 0.1-0.2% of the general population. The core symptoms are persistent debilitating fatigue, post-exertional ...

Objectives To evaluate the effects of center experience and a variety of patient- and procedure-related factors on patient radiation exposure during prostatic artery embolization (PAE) in three Scandinavian centers with ...

Cold water activities have evolved increasingly popular. However, how this affects the body is relatively heterogeneous among individuals. For some, cold water swimming can be harmful. In his dissertation "Physiological ...

Objective Delirium, a common complication after stroke, is often overlooked, and long-term consequences are poorly understood. This study aims to explore whether delirium in the acute phase of stroke predicts ...

Background The rates of emergency neurosurgery in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients vary between populations and trauma centers. In planning acute TBI treatment, knowledge about rates and incidence of ...

Background Although relationships between exposure to air pollution and reproductive health are broadly studied, mechanisms behind these phenomena are still unknown. The aim of the study was to assess whether ...

Background Obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASI) is a common and severe complication of vaginal delivery and may have short- and long-term consequences, including anal incontinence, sexual dysfunction and ...

Background Past studies have suggested lower employment of people with visual impairment. Reasons for this are less known. This study aimed to examine the employment rates among people with visual impairment, ...

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, and early detection by mammographic screening is demonstrated to reduce mortality from the disease. BreastScreen Norway offers women aged 50-69 biennial mammographic ...

While medical complications are well described in children with achondroplasia, our scoping review found few studies concerning adults. The Norwegian Adult Achondroplasia Study included 50 Norwegian adults, aged 16–87 ...

In the Rivaroxaban for Scheduled Workup of Deep Vein Thrombosis (the Ri-Schedule) study, we identified patients with suspected deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the leg in whom diagnostic workup could be deferred while receiving ...

Malawi has one of the highest rates of deaths due to road traffic injuries in the world. Despite this, the knowledge about road traffic injuries in this country is sparse. This thesis aimed to provide detailed information ...

Background Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is an important tool in preoperative evaluation of patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). Reported reliability of various MRI findings in LSS varies from ...

Background Crisis resolution team (CRT) care in adult mental health services is intended to provide accessible and flexible short-term, intensive crisis intervention to service users experiencing a mental ...

Background The growth of malignant tumors is influenced by their microenvironment. Glioblastoma, an aggressive primary brain tumor, may have cysts containing fluid that represents the tumor microenvironment. ...

PARP inhibitors are clinically approved for cancer treatment, and the side effects are in general tolerable and transient. Tumor cells with defects in homologous recombination repair (HR), like BRCA1/2 mutations, are ...

Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a common pelvic floor disorder, substantially impacting women's quality of life. Mid-urethral slings (MUS) have been established as the standard surgical treatment for SUI. Women, who ...

Background and purpose Evidence guiding the decision on whether to treat proximal hamstring tendon avulsions (PHA) operatively or non-operatively is very limited. The aim of this study was to identify the ...

Vitamin D deficiency in inflammatory Bowel Disease Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) consists mainly of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, which are chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Patients ...

According to the world health organization, breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women. Among other subtypes, triple-negative breast cancer is one of the most aggressive subtypes and presents challenges in ...

Background There are several subtypes of dementia caused by different pathophysiology and with different clinical characteristics. Irrespective subtype, the disease is progressive, eventually leading to the ...

Background Advanced prehospital airway management includes complex procedures carried out in challenging environments, necessitating a high level of technical and non-technical skills. We aimed to describe ...

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The pathophysiology in atopic dermatitis (AD) is not fully understood, but immune dysfunction, skin barrier defects, and alterations of the skin microbiota are thought to ...

A comparative study has been carried out, comparing two different methods to estimate activity level likelihood ratios (𝐿𝑅𝑎) using Bayesian Networks. The first method uses the sub-source likelihood ratio (𝑙𝑜𝑔10𝐿𝑅𝜙) ...

Background It has been suggested that Skogholt’s disease is a new neurological disease entity. The disease, confined to a family line in Hedmark county, Norway, usually affects both the brain and peripheral nerves. ...

Objective This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) over time, and to determine which patient groups derive the most benefit. Methods Long-term outcomes are reported in 436 ...

Objectives To assess longitudinal neurocognitive development after liver transplantation and evaluate factors associated with neurocognitive performance. Study design Data from neurocognitive testing of 65 children ...

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of ultrasound-detected tendon abnormalities in healthy subjects (HS) across the age range. Methods: Adult HS (age 18-80 years) were recruited in 23 international ...

Abstract    Background To examine published data and assess evidence relating to safety and efficacy of surgical management of symptomatic pineal cysts without hydrocephalus (nhSPC), we performed a ...

Abstract Background Healthy lifestyle and rehabilitation may mitigate late effects after cancer treatment, but knowledge about lifestyle and rehabilitation information needs among long-term young adult ...

Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a financial burden to the healthcare system, patients, their families and society. Rehabilitation interventions with the potential for reducing costs ...

Aim: This observational study investigated the microbiology of blood culture-positive sepsis episodes and susceptibility to empiric antibiotics in early-onset sepsis (EOS) and late-onset sepsis (LOS) in a level-four neonatal ...

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurological movement disorder that mainly affects individuals in higher age groups. While treatment exists that alleviates some symptoms, there is currently no curative therapy that ...

Abstract Background For many adults, their role as a parent is a vital part of their lives. This role is likely to be associated with a parent’s health-related quality of life (HRQOL). The aim of this ...

Observational epidemiological studies have reported that higher maternal blood pressure (BP) during pregnancy is associated with increased future risk of offspring cardiometabolic disease. However, it is unclear whether ...

Background and aims There are limited comparative data for infliximab and vedolizumab in inflammatory bowel disease patients. Methods We conducted ...

Background Soluble suppression of tumorigenesis-2 (sST2) and galectin (Gal)-3 are two biomarkers related to inflammation, metabolic disturbances and to myocardial fibrosis that characterize several cardiac ...

The Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis copy number variant (ENIGMA-CNV) and 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome Working Groups (22q-ENIGMA WGs) were created to gain insight into the involvement of genetic factors ...

Background and Aims Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is associated with increased risk of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Early and accurate CCA detection represents an unmet clinical need as the majority of patients with ...

Brain lesions, given their location, may have a profound and often life-threatening impact on the patients’ life. An accurate and timely diagnosis of disease is critical for optimal treatment decisions. Magnetic resonance ...

Background: People with a visual impairment appear to have an increased risk of experiencing potentially traumatizing life events and possibly also subsequently developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study ...

Objective Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has shown that estimated brain age is deviant from chronological age in various common brain disorders. Brain age estimation could be useful for investigating patterns of brain ...

Background: Patients with right-sided colon cancer (RCC) and left-sided colon cancer (LCC) differ clinically and molecularly. The main objective was to investigate stage-stratified survival and recurrence of RCC and LCC ...

The thesis aims were to explore 1) genetic underpinnings of apathy in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SZ) and healthy controls (HC), 2) prevalence of persistent apathy (PA), persistent depression (PD) and associations ...

Objective Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is in 70% of cases associated with inflammatory bowel disease. The hypermorphic T108M variant of the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR35 increases risk for PSC and ulcerative ...

Aims Left atrial (LA) enlargement is an independent risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF). Interestingly, some athletes have increased risk of AF, which may be linked to LA enlargement; however, little is known about ...

Abstract Background The aim of the present study was to examine the effect that the introduction of Doppler ultrasound in obstetric care has had on fetal death in Norway. One mechanism by ...

Background Older patients are often users of prolonged Central Nervous System Depressants (CNSD) (Z-hypnotics, benzodiazepines and opioids), which may be associated with reduced cognition. The long-term effects of CNSD ...

Single-cell analysis is a powerful technology that has found widespread use in recent years. For diseases with involvement of adaptive immunity, single-cell analysis of antigen-specific T cells and B cells is particularly ...

Background Superior mesenteric artery plexus (SMAP) injury is reported to cause postoperative intractable diarrhea after pancreatic/colonic surgery with extended lymphadenectomy. This study aims to describe the SMAP ...