Objective: Investigate whether gastroenterologists rate the quality of referral letters higher if electronic dynamic checklist items are added to a standard free-text referral letter. Assess how this affects the ...

The purpose of this thesis was to study dizziness-related disability and to investigate the effect of a modified group-based vestibular rehabilitation intervention (VR) in patients with mild-to-moderate traumatic brain ...

Background Ketorolac is an effective non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug, commonly used with local anaesthetics as part of local infiltration analgesia protocols following orthopaedic surgery. However, systemic uptake ...

Background From the public health perspective, epidemiological data of child mental health and psychosocial correlates were necessary and very lacking in Lithuanian society that has been undergoing rapid ...

Exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) affects endothelial function and may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis and vasomotor dysfunction. As intracellular calcium concentration [Ca2+]i is considered ...

Background: Several disease-modifying drug therapies are available for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). To ensure the most appropriate MS management, we assessed the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the ...

Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia type 1 (CPVT1) is a rare disease caused by inherited mutations in the cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) that lead to ventricular tachycardia (VT) triggered by acute ...

Background A potential link between increase in total cholesterol and triglycerides and clinical improvement has been observed during antipsychotic drug treatment in chronic schizophrenia patients, possibly due to drug ...

Background The inflammatory response to community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) is orchestrated through activation of cytokine networks and the complement system. We examined the association of multiple cytokines and the ...

Background The EQ-5D-3 L instrument is a standardized questionnaire which was developed as a simple, generic measure of health for clinical and economic appraisal. To aid in the interpretation, scores are ...

Variability in functional outcome after ileal pouch-anal anastomsis is to a large extent unexplained. The aim of the thesis was to investigate postoperative function, and to examine well and poorly functioning patients to ...

Recurrent chromosomal translocations leading to gene fusion formation have been described in uterine sarcomas, including low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (LG-ESS). Involvement of the PHF1 gene in chromosomal rearrangements ...

Background Knowledge about objectively measured levels of physical activity (PA) and PA participation (included facilitators and barriers for PA) in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) diagnosed ...

Albumin and IgG have remarkably long serum half-lives due to pH-dependent FcRn-mediated cellular recycling that rescues both ligands from intracellular degradation. Furthermore, increase in half-lives of IgG and albumin-based ...

Background The biological mechanisms of headache chronification are poorly understood. We aimed to identify changes in DNA methylation associated with the transformation from episodic to chronic headache. Methods ...

Background Involuntary care and coercive measures are frequently present in mental healthcare for adolescents. The purpose of this study was to examine to what extent adolescents perceive or experience ...

Behavioural treatments for depression have shown promising preliminary effects for depression in inpatient wards. However, more research is needed regarding their feasibility in psychiatric intensive care units (PICU). The ...

Background Delirium and dementia share symptoms of cognitive dysfunctions, and mechanisms of neuroinflammation appear involved in both conditions. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) ...

Inflammatorisk tarmsykdom (IBD) er betennelsestilstander i tarmen med hovedsakelig ukjent sykdomsårsak, og består av sykdomsgruppene morbus crohn (CD) og ulcerøs kolitt (UC). Medisinsk behandling har som mål å dempe symptomer ...

Background The concept of pioneer transcription factors is emerging as an essential part of the epigenetic regulation, taking place during cell development and differentiation. However, the precise molecular ...

In forensic genetics, massively parallel sequencing (MPS) has become a realistic alternative to the standard capillary elec-trophoresis. MPS has the potential to both improve DNA-profiling and to provide information beyond ...

Introduction Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (GBP) is associated with changes in cardiometabolic risk factors and bioavailability of drugs, but whether these changes are induced by calorie restriction, the weight loss or surgery ...

Background The prevalence of major depression (MD) according to population studies is the same for old (65 years and older) and younger adults. In contrast, an elevated proportion of old MD patients are ...

Background Adolescents treated for self-poisoning with medication have a high prevalence of mental health problems and constitute a high-risk population for self-harm repetition. However, little is known ...

Background Enteroviruses are the most common causative agents of human illness. Enteroviruses have been associated with regional and global epidemics, recently, including with severe disease (Enterovirus ...

Background/Aims: Retinoic acid receptor beta (RAR beta) is a retinoic acid receptor gene that has been shown to play key roles during multiple cancer processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion. ...

Epidemiology studies suggest associations between schizophrenia and cancer. However, the underlying genetic mechanisms are not well understood, and difficult to identify from epidemiological data. We investigated if there ...

Left ventricular (LV) diastolic function can be evaluated by echocardiographic indices of LV relaxation/restoring forces, diastolic compliance, and filling pressure. By using a combination of indices, diastolic function ...

Purpose New direct-acting antiviral (DAA) drugs have revolutionized the treatment of hepatitis C in recent years. Objective Our objective was to analyse the cost effectiveness of combinations of different DAAs ...

Background Pre-hospital advanced airway management with oxygenation and ventilation may be vital for managing critically ill or injured patients. To improve pre-hospital critical care and develop evidence-based ...

Inflammatorisk tarmsykdom (IBD) er en kronisk tilstand som oftest rammer unge mennesker. Etiologien er kun delvis kartlagt og forekomsten er økende. Magesmerter, diare og fatigue er typiske symptomer. IBD rammer i tillegg ...

Children born to substance-dependent mothers who themselves have had an upbringing disturbed by parental substance-abuse, are at high risk. The mothers in this study represent a vulnerable group, difficult for researchers ...

Background Rett syndrome (RTT) is a neurodevelopmental disorder. In more than 95% of females with classic RTT a pathogenic mutation in MECP2 has been identified. This leaves a small fraction of classic cases ...

Background Understanding the determinants associated with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in coronary patients may help to individualize treatment and modelling interventions. We sought to identify ...

Background Obesity during adolescence is associated with cardiovascular mortality in adulthood. The adverse obesity-related cardiometabolic risk profile is already observed in adolescence. We aimed to examine ...

Background Therapeutic hypothermia has become the standard of care for newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in high and middle income countries. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has neuroprotective properties of ...

Background Multi-item rating scales for depression informs about the level of depression, but does not allow individuals to state by self-evaluation whether they feel depressed or not. The insider perspective ...

Background People with severe mental illness have markedly reduced life expectancy; cardiometabolic disease is a major cause. Psychiatric hospital inpatients have elevated levels of cardiometabolic risk ...

Background A Bayesian mixed model approach using integrated nested Laplace approximations (INLA) allows us to construct flexible models that can account for pedigree structure. Using these models, we estimate ...

Background: Cesarean delivery is performed under spinal anesthesia, and vasodilation is the main cause for a drop in blood pressure. The compression of the aorta and inferior vena cava by the gravid uterus is of additional ...

Background Parkinson’s disease is a heterogeneous disorder where genetic factors may underlie clinical variability. Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a parasomnia strongly linked to ...

Background Patient experiences are acknowledged as an important aspect of health care quality but no validated instruments have been identified for the measurement of either parent or patient experiences ...

Background Mental disorders often have onset early in life, contribute substantially to the global disease burden, and may interfere with young people’s ability to complete age-relevant tasks in important ...

Background Larsen syndrome is a hereditary disorder characterized by osteochondrodysplasia, congenital large-joint dislocations, and craniofacial abnormalities. The autosomal dominant type is caused by ...

Naturlige dreperceller (NK-celler) er en type dreperceller i immunsystemet vårt. Deres funksjon er å drepe virusinfiserte celler og kreftceller. Nåtidens trend innen utvikling av immunterapi foreslår at NK-celler kan ha ...

Background There is a paucity of studies on inflammatory markers in elderly psychiatric patients. Hence, our study was undertaken to investigate cytokines as biomarkers in diagnostically unselected elderly ...

Photochemical internalization (PCI) is a novel technique for targeted delivery of therapeutic substances into cancer cells. Leiomyosarcomas are inherently resistant to established cancer treatment regimens and by studying ...

Background: Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) is a severe lung condition affecting newborns and it can lead to a systemic inflammatory response. We previously documented complement activation and cytokine release in a ...

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) leads to venous stasis, vessel injury, and hypercoagulability which favor thrombosis generation. Therefore, the majority of patients receive anticoagulants to prevent thromboembolism. These ...

We have previously shown that aberrant promoter methylation of ZNF331 is a potential biomarker for colorectal cancer detection with high sensitivity (71%) and specificity (98%). This finding was recently confirmed by others, ...

Background The first 12 Norwegian assertive community treatment (ACT) teams were piloted from 2009 to 2011. Of the 338 patients included during the teams’ first year of operation, 38% were subject to ...

Background Patients with severe mental illness may be subjected to Community Treatment Orders (CTOs) in order to secure that the patients adhere to treatment. Few studies have investigated the use of CTOs ...

Background The increased prevalence of disturbed eating behaviors (DEB), depression, and anxiety in type 1 diabetes (T1D) is generally well established; however the majority of existing research to date ...

Background Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) allows absolute quantification of nucleic acids and has potential for improved non-invasive detection of DNA methylation. For increased precision of the methylation ...

Background Hospital readmissions is an increasingly serious international problem, associated with higher risks of adverse events, especially in elderly patients. There can be many causes and influential ...

Helicobacter pylori is an ulcer-causing bacterium that evolutionary needs to adapt quickly to changing conditions. Hilde Synnøve Vollan’s bioinformatics studies revealed that H. pylori outer membrane phospholipase A (OMPLA) ...

Background Although chemo-immunotherapy has led to an improved overall survival for most B-cell lymphoma types, relapsed and refractory disease remains a challenge. The malaria drug artesunate has previously ...

Background About one in ten diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BD) has experienced a premorbid traumatic brain injury (TBI), while not fulfilling the criteria of bipolar and related disorder due to another ...

Background Despite decreasing sheath diameter, access site bleeding and vascular complications are still a major concern in transfemoral aortic valve implantation (TAVI), and may increase morbidity and ...

Background In neuroblastoma (NB), the most powerful prognostic marker, the MYCN amplification (MNA), occasionally shows intratumoural heterogeneity (ITH), i.e. coexistence of MYCN-amplified and non-MYCN-amplified tumour ...

Background The presence of disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in bone marrow (BM) is an independent prognostic factor in early breast cancer but does not uniformly predict outcome. Tumor cells can persist in ...

Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) is a tick-borne spirochetal infection with a broad spectrum of imaging pathology. For individuals who live in or have travelled to areas where ticks reside, LNB should be considered among ...

Background The effects of maternal influenza infection on the fetus remain unclear. We studied mild influenza and influenza antibodies in relation to birth weight and risks of pre-eclampsia, preterm birth ...

Over the last decades, research has gradually increased its focus on patients’ expectations and their potential clinical importance. Most noteworthy, perhaps, is the suggested association between patients’ expectations and ...

Background Several patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) are available for assessing the outcomes of ankle fracture but few have been compared for recommended measurement properties. This study compares ...

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a part of the human microbiome and the leading invasive pathogen in newborns. GBS colonizes the intestinal and vaginal tract, and maternal colonization is the most important risk factor for ...

The recent identification of potential intrinsic retinal stem cells (RSCs) in the adult mammalian eye has sparked hopes of providing new stem cell-based therapies for the millions of people worldwide who suffer from blindness ...

Background Longitudinal data and repeated measurements in epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) provide a rich resource for understanding epigenetics. We summarize 7 analytical approaches to the GAW20 ...

Aims: Data on long-term healthcare costs of patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) is limited, and the aim of this study was to investigate healthcare costs for PAD patients at a nationwide level. Methods and ...

Background Knowledge about disease and treatment is necessary before patients can consent to treatment. One of the few established instruments for evaluating whether sufficient information has been provided, ...

Clinically non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) are tumours originating from the anterior pituitary, without clinical symptoms of uncontrolled hormone overproduction. These pituitary adenomas may originate from all ...

Background The importance of physical activity and exercise among patients with eating disorders (EDs) is acknowledged among clinicians and researchers. The lack of clinical guidelines, the differing ...

Background In order to investigate the impact of adherence to recommendations of physical activity and sedentary time on health outcomes in clinical trials, there is a need for feasible tools such as ...

Aims: Despite the excess mortality and morbidity associated with acute poisoning by substances of abuse, follow-up is frequently not organised. We assessed morbidity, including repeated poisoning, and follow-up after acute ...

Background There is considerable evidence that many complex traits have a partially shared genetic basis, termed pleiotropy. It is therefore useful to consider integrating genome-wide association study ...

Background Norway is one of the first countries to require all health professionals to play a part in prevention for children of parents with all kinds of illnesses (mental illness, drug addiction, or ...

Calvé-Legg-Perthes er en hoftesykdom som skyldes et fullstendig eller delvis opphør av blodtilførselen til lårbenshodet. Årsaken er ukjent. Sykdommen er mest vanlig i 5-6 års alderen. I de aktive stadiene av sykdommen ...

Background Studies have shown that dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) is effective in reducing self-harm in adults and adolescents. Aims ...

More than 600 000 children die yearly due to the consequences of perinatal asphyxia/intrapartum events. In addition, a large number of children will suffer from severe neurological complications. We have performed an ...

Background Dementia and physical morbidity are primary reasons for nursing home admission globally. However, data on physical morbidity in nursing home residents with and without dementia are scarce. The ...

Background Experimental active compression-decompression (ACD) CPR is associated with increased haemodynamic outcomes compared to standard mechanical chest compressions. Since no clinically available ...

Background One explanation for the persistence of schizophrenia despite the reduced fertility of patients is that it is a by-product of recent human evolution. This hypothesis is supported by evidence ...

This thesis investigates self-reported symptoms of mental distress and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) among individuals in Opioid Maintenance Treatment (OMT). Data was collected as part of the larger NorComt ...

Horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance determinants contributes to dissemination of antibiotic resistance. Such transfer of resistance genes within the human gut has been documented in some in vivo studies. The present ...

Background Quality control after phonosurgery is important and may be time consuming. Often questionnaires focusing on quality of life are applied. We aimed at investigating the use of organ specific symptoms, ...

Background Depression is associated with immunological responses as reflected by altered levels of circulating cytokines. Alcohol use and trauma may modulate immune activity, and few studies have investigated ...

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a heterogeneous group of tumors that can arise in a wide range of organs. They are characterized by their ability to produce different peptides and neuroamines that can cause distinct ...

Background Fixation of proximal humeral fractures (PHF) with locking plates has gained popularity over conservative treatment, but surgery may be complicated with infection, non-union, avascular necrosis ...

Background Polycythemia vera is a myeloproliferative disease that sometimes evolves to myelofibrosis, causing splenomegaly and neutropenia. In this case report, we describe a patient with polycythemia vera ...

Background Several studies published over the last decade indicate an increased incidence of distal radius fractures (DRF). With Norway having one of the highest reported incidence of DRFs, we conducted a ...

Immunotherapy of brain tumors involves the stimulation of an antitumor immune response. This type of therapy can be targeted specifically to tumor cells thus sparing surrounding normal brain. Due to the presence of the ...

In this thesis, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used to explore short- and long term characteristics of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). Typical symptoms ...

Background Stroke is a major public health threat globally. Psychosocial well-being may be affected following stroke. Depressive symptoms, anxiety, general psychological distress and social isolation are ...

Background The Cochrane review on the effectiveness of speech and language therapy for aphasia following stroke suggests intensity of therapy is a key predictor for outcome. Current aphasia services cannot ...

Capsule video endoscopy, which uses a wireless camera to visualize the digestive tract, is emerging as an alternative to traditional colonoscopy. Colonoscopy is considered as the gold standard for visualizing the colon and ...