Snus is the most commonly used nicotine product among young women in Scandinavia, but the extent of use during pregnancy is less investigated. Normal fetal growth is dependent on a healthy placenta. The possible effects ...

Celiac disease is a chronic inflammatory disorder resulting from mis-appropriate immune response toward ingested glu-ten proteins. Gluten-specific CD4+ T cells, as the key drivers for the pathogenesis can be identified by ...

Background The incidence of hip fractures are expected to increase in the following years. Hip fracture patients have in addition to their fracture often complex medical problems, which constitute a substantial ...

Background Alarmins are considered proximal mediators of the immune response after tissue injury. Understanding their biology could pave the way for development of new therapeutic targets and biomarkers ...

Background Chronic pain constitutes a significant burden for the individuals affected, and is a frequent reason why patients seek health care services. While in-person psychosocial interventions can be of ...

The aim of the present thesis was to investigate the frequency of sleep disturbances in severe mental disorders, if sleep disturbances are related to clinical features, and whether associations are transdiagnostic. This ...

Abstract Interleukin (IL)-33 is a cytokine that appears to mediate fibrosis by signaling via its receptor ST2 (IL-33R/IL1RL1). It is also, however, a protein that after synthesis is sorted to the cell nucleus, where it ...

Background Considering the advantages of using medicinal herbs as supplementary treatments to sensitize conventional anti-cancer drugs, studying functional mechanisms and regulatory effects of Echinacea ...

Whereas left atrial (LA) enlargement is an independent predictor for adverse cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality, this is regarded a physiological adaption of exercise. Paradoxically, LA size in athletes may ...

Background Pain is prevalent in myotonic dystrophy 1 (DM1). This study investigated whether CTG repeat size, disease duration, BMI and motor and psychological function were related to pain in adult patients ...

Background We aimed to assess the associations between cardiac troponin (cTn) T and I concentrations, physical exercise and the presence and severity of angiographic coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients evaluated ...

Background The trochanteric stabilizing plate (TSP) is used as an adjunct to the sliding hip screw (SHS) in unstable trochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures. We wanted to describe the choice of implant ...

Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent psychiatric condition associated with significant disability, mortality and economic burden. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and psychodynamic ...

Background There is increasing access to mental health services in biomedical settings (e.g., primary care and specialty clinics) in low- and middle-income countries. Traditional healing continues to be ...

Background Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) causes a recurring inflammation in nose and paranasal sinuses that clinically resembles chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) of other aetiologies. While sinonasal ...

Background Mental health professionals usually decide patients’ access to inpatient care to ensure care based on need and potential benefit. The purpose of the current study is to investigate how patients ...

Background Post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) is a frequent chronic complication of proximal deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the lower limb, but predictors of PTS are not well established. We aimed to examine ...

Objective Despite critical hypoxemia, Covid-19 patients may present without proportional signs of respiratory distress. We report three patients with critical respiratory failure due to Covid-19, in which ...

Abstract In this paper we investigate various effects of inbreeding on the likelihood ratio (LR) in forensic kinship testing. The basic setup of such testing involves formulating two competing hypotheses, in the form of ...

Stroke is a major cause of death and disability. In order to prevent stroke, knowledge of risk factors is essential. This thesis aims to build on the expanding knowledge of stroke risk factors, by using data from the Oslo ...

Colonoscopy is considered the gold standard for detection of colorectal cancer and its precursors. Existing examination methods are, however, hampered by high overall miss-rate, and many abnormalities are left undetected. ...

Abstract Background Mortality and morbidity of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) remain high, and prognosis is influenced by multiple non-modifiable factors such as aSAH severity. By analysing ...

Abstract Purpose Adjuvant chemotherapy for colon cancer with lymph node involvement (Stage III) has been the standard of care since the 1990s. Meanwhile, considerable evolvement of surgery combined ...

The gut microbiota has recently emerged as a potential treatment target in cardiovascular disease (CVD). Leakage of bacterial wall products and the production of microbial diet-dependent metabolites such as trimethylamine-N-oxide ...

Jan Egil Brattgjerd MD described the biomechanical stability of femoral neck fracture fixation with special regard to the novel principle of interlocked pins in a plate developed to promote multi-directional stability and ...

To date, the various surgical approaches used in total hip arthroplasty (THA) vary greatly, and there is insufficient data to determine the optimal choice of approach in patients with end-stage osteoarthritis needing ...

Objective Media reporting of celebrities’ deaths by suicide are prone to suicide contagion effects. The aim of the current study is to examine whether the widely publicized celebrity suicide of Ari Behn in Norway was ...

Background Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is defined according to subjective symptoms only, and several conflicting case definition exist. Previous research has discovered certain biological alterations. ...

Early-Onset Schizophrenia (EOS) and Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are early- onset neurodevelopmental disorders associated with cognitive deficits. The current study represents the first attempt to compare ...

The present PhD-thesis investigates opportunities for improving management of surgically treated pancreatic cancer patients by incorporating patients’ experience. The aim was to explore the putative prognostic value of ...

Background The COVID-19 pandemic represents a global health crisis. How well people cope with this situation depends on many factors, including one’s personality, such as dispositional optimism. The aim of the study was ...

Background The majority of patients with hepatobiliary and pancreatic (HBP) malignancies are older than 65 years. Due to the heterogeneity of this older population, decisions regarding surgical treatment cannot rely ...

This is a quantitative follow-up study of young patients recruited in their first treatment of a psychotic disorder. At baseline (N=90) and follow-up (N=56), the participants went through an extensive diagnostic and clinical ...

Objective Anastomotic leakage is a common complication following large abdominal surgery, often developing to life-threatening abdominal sepsis due to late diagnosis. Currently, diagnostics rely on systemic hemodynamic ...

Computerized cognitive training (CCT) combined with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has showed some promise in alleviating cognitive impairments in patients with brain disorders, but the robustness and ...

Investigating commonalities in underlying pathology of cognitive dysfunction and negative symptoms in schizophrenia is important, as both are core features of the disorder and linked to brain structure abnormalities. We ...

Schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BIP) are severe mental disorders with a considerable disease burden worldwide due to early age of onset, chronicity, and lack of efficient treatments or prevention strategies. ...

Abstract Background The determination of the incidence and prevalence of rare diseases is important for economists and health-care providers. Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a rare, slow-growing ...

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a chronic gastrointestinal disease, often suffer from extraintestinal manifestations. These present most commonly as musculoskeletal conditions encompassing axial and peripheral ...

Abstract Clinical and epidemiological evidence suggest that loneliness is associated with severe mental disorders (SMDs) and increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the mechanisms underlying the ...

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). During infection, Mtb is continuously exposed to stress from the host immune system. In order to adapt and ...

Accidental bromine spills are common and its large industrial stores risk potential terrorist attacks. The mechanisms of bromine toxicity and effective therapeutic strategies are unknown. Our studies demonstrate that inhaled ...

Objectives This study describes the cardiac phenotypes and markers of adverse outcome in athletes with ventricular arrhythmias with no other discernable etiology than high exercise doses. Background Little is known ...

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults. Despite treatment consisting of surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, survival is limited and usually do not extend beyond a year. A major challenge in ...

Purpose Contemporary trauma resuscitation prioritizes control of bleeding and uses major haemorrhage protocols (MHPs) to prevent and treat coagulopathy. We aimed to determine whether augmenting MHPs with Viscoelastic ...

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is now well‐known to reduce patients' health‐related quality of life. However, data describing which signs and symptoms patients and physicians perceive as having the greatest impact are ...

Objectives: Terrorist attacks and civilian mass-casualty events are frequent, and some countries have implemented tourniquet use for uncontrollable extremity bleeding in civilian settings. The aim of this study was to ...

Purpose We aimed to study the safety and feasibility of low‐dose dobutamine stress echocardiography in a symptomatic high gradient aortic stenosis population scheduled for transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve ...

Background The relationship between habitual physical activity (PA) and experimental pain tolerance has been investigated in small samples of young, healthy and/or single‐sex volunteers. We used a large, population‐based ...

Background Whereas heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is associated with ventricular dilation and markedly reduced systolic function, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) patients ...

Abstract Background Long-term outcome for children who underwent surgery for brain tumors in the first 3 years of life is not well-known. Methods We performed a ...

Background Adherence to clinical practice guidelines for coronary heart disease (CHD) reduces morbidity, mortality and treatment costs. We aimed to describe and compare adherence to prescription guidelines ...

Introduction Physical activity may reduce the development of breast cancer. Whereas hypercoagulability has been linked to adverse outcomes in breast cancer patients, the effects of physical activity on their hemostatic ...

Obesity during childhood and adolescence increases the likelihood of obesity in adulthood, negatively affects psychological and physical health, and is associated with increased levels of cardiovascular risk factors. ...

Background Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a disabling mood disorder, profoundly affecting a large number of adolescent’s quality of life. To date, no obvious treatment of choice for MDD in adolescents ...

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in Norwegian males, and the majority of men have no distant metastases at the time of diagnosis. These men are potential candidates for curative treatment with radical prostatectomy ...

Background Little is known about the influence on outcome of exploration of the patient-therapist relationship (that is, transference work) in psychoanalytic psychotherapy. We hypothesized that depressed ...

Dislocation of an intraocular lens (IOL) inside the capsular bag may occur many years after uncomplicated cataract surgery and is often referred to as late in-the-bag IOL dislocation. The condition is one of the most common ...

The macro- and microstructural architecture of human brain white matter undergoes substantial alterations throughout development and ageing. Most of our understanding of the spatial and temporal characteristics of these ...

Background The National Early Warning Score (NEWS2) is currently recommended in the UK for the risk stratification of COVID-19 patients, but little is known about its ability to detect severe cases. We aimed ...

Background With a motivation of quality assurance, machine learning techniques were trained to classify Norwegian radiology reports of paediatric CT examinations according to their description of abnormal ...

The burden of disease in children and adolescents has changed from infections to non-communicable diseases, including overweight and obesity (OWOB). The aim of this thesis was to examine risk factors for OWOB in children ...

Background Internationally, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) is commonly used to assess the frequency and severity of depressive symptoms. However, psychometric properties of the Norwegian version ...

Castleman disease (CD) describes a group of rare hematologic conditions involving lymphadenopathy with characteristic histopathology and a spectrum of clinical abnormalities. CD is divided into localized or unicentric CD ...

Background Current nutritional management of infants born very preterm results in significant deficiency of the essential fatty acids (FAs) arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The impact ...

Long-term consequences of kidney donation have not been fully studied. We have investigated prevalence of common diseases among kidney donors, and assessed the risk of hypertension, ischemic heart disease, diabetes and ...

Background There is high co-occurrence of substance use disorders (SUD) and mental health disorders. We aimed to assess impact of substance use patterns and sociodemographic factors on mental health distress ...

Motion-sound synesthesia is characterized by illusory auditory sensations linked to the pattern and rhythms of motion (dubbed “Mickey Mousing” as in cinema) of visually experienced but soundless object, like an optical ...

Rationale: For visual perspective taking (VPT) using the avatar task, examinations of neural processes using event related potentials (ERP) indicate a distinction between an early posterior perspective calculation process ...

Background: High intake of marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) has been associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular events; however, this has not been confirmed in patients with a recent acute myocardial ...

Abstract Background Children with Fontan circulation are at risk of developing hepatic fibrosis/cirrhosis. Reliable noninvasive monitoring techniques are lacking or under development. ...

Background Few longitudinal studies have compared patient-reported long-term adverse effects after radical prostatectomy (RP) alone and RP followed by radiotherapy (RAD), also analyzing the effect of the development of ...

Medulloblastoma (MB) and supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor (CNS-PNET) are embryonal brain tumours, and they account for about 15%–20% and 2.5%, respectively, of malignant brain tumors in children and adolescents. ...

Venetoclax (Ven) is a selective small‐molecule inhibitor of BCL‐2 that exhibits antitumoral activity against MM cells with t(11;14) translocation. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of Ven and dexamethasone (VenDex) ...

Abstract Introduction and hypothesis Antibiotic prophylaxis is commonly used when implanting a mid-urethral sling (MUS) for female stress urinary incontinence. Use of antibiotics may lead to adverse ...

New treatment options mean less pain and shorter hospitalization for many patients. For the hospitals, new treatment strategies often require technological investments and organizational change. This thesis investigated ...

Background To assess if cardiac troponins can improve diagnostics of acute heart failure (AHF) and provide prognostic information in patients with acute dyspnea. Methods We measured cardiac troponin T with a ...

Elevated left ventricular (LV) filling pressure is a key feature in heart failure. Estimation of this pressure is also important in patients with pulmonary hypertension, as this can be caused either by pulmonary interstitial ...

Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a heritable connective tissue disorder (HCTD), caused by mutations in the fibrillin-1 gene, FBN1. The syndrome can affect many organ systems, and is difficult to diagnose, due to overlapping features ...

Background Several central nervous system diseases are associated with disturbed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow patterns and have typically been characterized in vivo by phase-contrast magnetic resonance ...

Background Neurocognitive disorder (NCD) is common in stroke survivors. We aimed to identify clinically accessible imaging markers of stroke and chronic pathology that are associated with early post-stroke ...

This paper reviews current knowledge on mechanisms of change targeted in dialectical behaviour therapy for people with borderline personality disorder. Improvements in emotion regulation capacity and the use of coping ...

Abstract Alkylating drugs are among the most often used chemotherapeutics. While cancer cells frequently develop resistance to alkylation treatments, detailed understanding of mechanisms that lead to the resistance ...

The aims of this thesis were to investigate: 1) the feasibility of delivering a compensatory cognitive rehabilitation intervention to individuals with mild and moderate TBI in Norway, 2) the effectiveness of a combined ...

Background Renal transplant recipients have to see a nephrologist for regular follow-up for the rest of their lives. To reduce the burden for the patients, video consultation can be an alternative to ...

Aim Gut leakage has been shown to associate with low-grade inflammation and lower cardiorespiratory fitness in diabetic subjects. We aimed to investigate whether gut leakage markers related to cardiorespiratory ...

Preeclampsia is a leading cause of maternal and offspring mortality and morbidity, and predicts increased future cardiovascular disease risk. Placental dysfunction and immune system dysregulation are likely key pathophysiological ...

Abstract Low steady‐state levels of active tamoxifen metabolites have been associated with inferior treatment outcomes. In this retrospective analysis of 406 estrogen receptor‐positive breast cancer (BC) patients receiving ...

Background Motor and cognitive impairments are frequently observed following stroke, but are often managed as distinct entities, and there is little evidence regarding how they are related. The aim of this ...

This thesis explores energy-efficient ways of pacing single cardiomyocytes and signal transmission for the potential use of such cells in future nano-actuator pacemaker networks. Leads necessary in conventional pacemakers ...

Background and aims: The comparative effectiveness of sigmoidoscopy and fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening is unknown. Methods: Individuals aged 50-74 years living in South-East Norway ...

Background Quality of life is an important indicator of health and has multiple dimensions. It is adversely affected in patients with trauma history, and psychiatric disorders play an important role therein. ...

Background Population-based reference data on frequently used questionnaires are important for comparative purposes. Due to changes in health and lifestyles, such data should be updated every other decade. The objectives ...

Background Few clinical trials have investigated the prevention of radiographic progression in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis treated with antirheumatic drugs. This study aimed to investigate ...

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and atherothrombotic events are the major reasons for disability and death in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Circulating microvesicles (cMVs), shed from activated cells, have procoagulant ...

Background Mental health professionals usually decide patients’ access to inpatient care to ensure the rational and fair distribution of care based on need and prognosis. The purpose of the current study ...

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a chronic rheumatic disease. The severity and disease course are highly variable and JIA can be a life-long disorder. The aims of this study were to assess patient-reported outcomes ...

Background A significant proportion of ischemic strokes are caused by emboli from atherosclerotic, unstable carotid artery plaques. The selection of patients for endarterectomy in current clinical practice is primarily ...

Purpose The pressure on healthcare budgets remains high, partially due to the ageing population. Economic evaluation can be a helpful tool to inform resource allocation in publicly financed systems. Such evaluations ...