Background Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) poses diagnostic challenges due to the paucibacillary nature of the disease. The immunochemistry-based MPT64 antigen detection test (MPT64 test) has shown promising results for ...

Background Economic analyses of end-of-life care often focus on single aspects of care in selected cohorts leading to limited knowledge on the total level of care required to patients at their end-of-life. ...

Congenital aniridia is primarily characterized by hypoplasia of the iris and the retinal fovea. Foveal hypoplasia is the main cause of congenital reduced vision. Keratopathy is common in aniridia, leading to considerable ...

Lung cancer is a common type of cancer in Norway. Many patients are diagnosed in advanced stages of disease and the long-time prognosis is poor. Research efforts during the last decades have resulted in novel treatment ...

Background To report on our experience using a simple optional form to facilitate communication on late effects between the patients and the oncologists during outpatient follow-up and to detail on the spectrum of challenges ...

Cells have developed mechanisms to ensure that appropriate signaling is achieved and continued for the proper period of time. Deregulation of receptor signaling can result in diseases, including development of cancer. Among ...

Background The immune response during falciparum malaria mediates both harmful and protective effects on the host; however the participating molecules have not been fully defined. Interleukin (IL)-27 is a ...

Background A significant proportion of ischemic strokes are caused by emboli from atherosclerotic, unstable carotid artery plaques. The selection of patients for endarterectomy in current clinical practice is primarily ...

Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies from animals are used in immunological assays to measure concentrations of many clinically relevant proteins, peptides and drugs in blood samples. Heterophilic antibodies are immunoglobulins ...

Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in burn patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Our primary aim was to review ...

Background/aim Drug use and risky driving is associated with sensation seeking. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between use of psychoactive substances and levels of the sensation ...

Background BK Polyomavirus (BKPyV) causes premature graft failure in 1 to 15% of kidney transplant (KT) recipients. High-level BKPyV-viruria and BKPyV-DNAemia precede polyomavirus-associated nephropathy (PyVAN), and guide ...

Background Infliximab (INX) and other tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) have revolutionised the treatment of several immune mediated inflammatory diseases. Still, many patients do not respond sufficiently to therapy ...

Background Work ability represents a person’s subjective assessment of current ability to work compared to his lifetime best. Since many men with prostate cancer are retired, work ability represents a more relevant work ...

The aims of this prospective observational study were to evaluate the etiology, clinical presentations, immune activation, and short- and long-term outcomes in patients with acute encephalitis and aseptic meningitis (ASM). ...

Background Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is common in patients with eating disorders (EDs). There is a lack of research investigating the presence of ED symptoms among patients with OCD, despite ...

The number of ill parents who live at home while they are in active treatment has increased due to the shift from less inpatient to more outpatient care in public hospitals, and more of the treatment and care from primary ...

Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in Norwegian men. Identification of accurate markers of good and poor prognosis is a prerequisite for tailored cancer treatment. However, the high degree of genetic ...

Preeclampsia, a hypertensive disease of pregnancy, impacts on both mother and child health during pregnancy, and adds to the mother’s risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease later in life. Underlying ...

During pregnancy, the mother supplies oxygen and nutrients to the fetus through the placenta. Birthweight and placental weight may be indicators of the intrauterine environment. Sandra Larsen has explored how placental ...

Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) is a severe clinical syndrome defined by impaired renal function, hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia. It mainly affects children of pre-school age, and is one of the most common causes ...

Background Self-evaluations of mental health problems may be a useful complement to diagnostic assessment, but are less frequently used. This study investigated the prevalence of self-evaluated current and ...

The anatomic “Double-bundle” ACL reconstruction technique was developed to improve the outcome of ACL reconstructions. This procedure is both complex, expensive and requires more resources than the traditional "Single-bundle" ...

Background Several studies have documented the variety of post-stroke psychosocial challenges, which are complex, multifaceted, and affect a patient’s rehabilitation and recovery. Due to the consequences ...

Background In hospitalised patients with diarrhoea a positive campylobacter stool Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test with negative culture results as well as Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) ...

Background This study investigated cause of death, mortality rates and explored if baseline characteristics were associated with risk of death in patients with alcohol use disorder alone or poly-substance ...

Many patients seeking inpatient treatment for substance use disorders have high levels of severity and often have comorbid mental illness, which can complicate the course of treatment. Up-to-date treatment approaches include ...

Atrial fibrillation is the most common cardiac arrhythmia, affecting >5% after the age of 65 years. Still, knowledge of atrial fibrillation epidemiology in Norway is scarce. As atrial fibrillation is often paroxysmal or ...

Background Immunochemotherapy, the combined use of immunotherapy and chemotherapy, has demonstrated great promise in several cancers. LTX-315 is an oncolytic peptide with potent immunomodulatory properties ...

Background Quality of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) skills may influence out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) outcomes. We analyzed how the level of CPR training related to indicators of ...

Background Spinal stenosis is a clinical diagnosis in which the main symptom is pain radiating to the lower extremities, or neurogenic claudication. Radiological spinal stenosis is commonly observed in the ...

Background Alterations in autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity might be involved in the pathophysiology of delirium. The aim was to explore autonomic cardiovascular control in older patients with and ...

Background A displaced femoral neck fracture (FNF) in patients 55-70 years is a serious injury with a high risk of treatment failure and the optimal surgical treatment remains unclear. We aimed to describe ...

Background Claudin-low breast cancer is a molecular subtype associated with poor prognosis and without targeted treatment options. The claudin-low subtype is defined by certain biological characteristics, ...

Background Surgical treatment of young patients with recurrent lateral patella dislocation (RLDP) is often recommended because of loss of knee function that compromises their level of activity or even their ...

Background Few studies have examined the relationships between sputum inflammatory markers and subsequent annual decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (dFEV1). This study investigated whether indices ...

About 1/3 of patients with epilepsy continue to experience seizures despite treatment with antiepileptic drugs. Variability in drug concentrations after intake of a given dose, so-called pharmacokinetic variability, ...

Background Telomeres are non-coding sequences at the end of eukaryote chromosomes, which in complex with associated proteins serve to protect subtelomeric DNA. Telomeres shorten with each cell division, are ...

Background Cervical cancer is the most common cancer and a major cause of morbidity and mortality among women in Zimbabwe yet it is preventable, early detectable and highly curable. The objective of this ...

Background It has been suggested that smoking is associated with reduced risk of knee osteoarthritis (OA). However, supplementary studies are needed to further investigate any such potential association. ...

Juvenile dermatomyositis is a rare idiopathic, inflammatory myopathy of childhood, primarily affecting the skin and muscle tissue, but also internal organs such as the heart and lungs. Despite effective immune modulating ...

Back pain is a common and major source of disability. Although the majority of patients recover, 10–20% develops persistent pain. Twin studies estimate the heritability regarding back pain to 30-40%. Such studies measure ...

Biomarkers related to water and sodium regulation, such as B-type natriuretic peptides (BNPs), provide clinically useful information with regards to prognosis and diagnosis, especially in patients with heart failure (HF). ...

Background Early development of an oviparous organism is based on maternally stocked structural, nutritional and regulatory components. These components influence the future developmental potential of an ...

The efficacy of group psychotherapy for a wide variety of different mental disorders has been clearly demonstrated. However, it remains unclear how long therapy must last for change to take place. The aim of my thesis is ...

Providing sexual and reproductive healthcare services of high quality is key to improving people’s health, especially women and adolescents and, thus, to reducing maternal mortality and morbidity. Successful outcomes of ...

Background The extent of post-mortem detection of specific psychoactive drugs may differ between countries, and may greatly influence the national death register’s classification of manner and cause of ...

Background Diagnosing extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is challenging and many patients are initiated on empirical anti-TB treatment without a laboratory confirmed diagnosis. Monitoring treatment response ...

Background Health care professionals should prevent and relieve suffering in carers of patients with advanced cancer. Despite known positive effects of systematic carer support, carers still do not receive ...

Objective Earlier studies documenting the effect of candidate genes on recovery have seldom taken into consideration the impact of emotional distress. Thus, we aimed to assess the modifying effect of emotional ...

Mothers and fathers may suffer severe traumatisation from learning of or witnessing events that threaten the lives of their children. Adolescents and young adults are often among victims of terrorist attacks. Yet, little ...

Fetal growth is dependent on oxygen and nutrients that are transferred from the mother by the placenta. Placental weight is an indicator of placental function. Johanne Dypvik has explored how placental weight may be ...

Background Infarct evolution rate and response to acute reperfusion therapy may differ between patients, which is important to consider for accurate management and treatment of patients with ST-elevation ...

Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) comprise a variety of chronic inflammatory disorders where the immune system attacks the body´s own tissues and organs. Genome-wide association studies have given us a long list of genetic risk ...

Background The use of HbA1c ≥6.5% for diagnosis of diabetes has been challenged for post-transplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM) also known as new onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT) due to a low ...

Background Individuals with spinal cord injuries (SCI) are prone to pressure ulcers (PUs) because of the loss of sensorimotor function involved as well as increased skin moisture. Treatment of PU after SCI ...

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a serious condition that develops as a complication to COPD and other pulmonary diseases associated with hypoxia. PH is associated with increased mortality in lung patients, and there is no ...

Background Multilevel uncertainty exists in the treatment of devastating brain injury and variation in end-of-life decision-making is a concern. Cognitive and emotional doubt linked to making challenging ...

Background Liver resection is a treatment of choice for colorectal and neuroendocrine liver metastases, and laparoscopy is an accepted approach for surgical treatment of these patients. The role of liver ...

Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune, neuroinflammatory disease, with an unclear etiology. However, T cells play a central role in the pathogenesis by crossing the blood–brain-barrier, leading ...

Background Increased high sensitivity C- reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels have been found in many earlier studies on migraine, and recently also in persons with migraine and insomnia. The aim of this study ...

Background In all societies, the burden and cost of allergic and chronic respiratory diseases are increasing rapidly. Most economies are struggling to deliver modern health care effectively. There is a ...

Background Even though progressive rhinosinusitis with osteitis is a major clinical problem in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), there are no studies on how GPA-related osteitis develops over time, ...

The huge discrepancy between the number of patients waiting for a liver transplant (LT) and the availability of donor organs have forced the transplant community to explore the use of extended criteria donors, of which old ...

Background From 2013 a midwife-led continuity model of care was implemented in the Nablus region in occupied Palestine, involving a governmental hospital and ten rural villages. This study analysed the relation between ...

Background Early intervention against cachexia necessitates a predictive model. The aims of this study were to identify predictors of cachexia development and to create and evaluate accuracy of a predictive ...

Background There is emerging evidence for the effectiveness of psychodynamic psychotherapy for depressive disorders. However, we know less of how this relation-focused therapy mode is experienced and what ...

Background Congenital coagulation factor (F) VII deficiency is a rare bleeding disorder caused by mutations in the F7 gene. The missense factor FVII variant p.Q160R is the disease-causing mutation in all ...

Background Little is known about whether and to what extent loneliness impacts the lives of people with visual impairment (VI). Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of and factors ...

Background Despite the well described heterogeneity in glioblastoma (GBM), treatment is standardized, and clinical trials investigate treatment effects at population level. Genomics-driven oncology for ...

Background: Cervical cancer treatment and care services have remained largely centralized in Zimbabwe thereby entrenching inequities to access amongst patients. The objective of this study was to investigate the determinants ...

To combat the destructive effects of damage to DNA, different repair mechanisms play central roles. DNA is repaired by the activity of several classes of DNA repair proteins which scan the DNA to locate the damage, then ...

Knowledge of the psychological burden of skin disease in the general dermatological population is scarce. We collected data on the distribution of skin diseases in Norwegian and European dermatological outpatients by ...

In this thesis patients who underwent liver transplantation (LT) for unresectable colorectal liver metastases were studied (SECA study). Lifelong immunosuppression following LT is necessary to prevent organ rejection ...

Background Health professionals in Norway are required by law to help safeguard information and follow-up with children of parents with mental or physical illness, or who have substance abuse problems, to ...

Studien undersøker effekt av langtidsvirkende naltrekson på symptomer av angst, depresjon, søvnløshet og kronisk smerter hos opioidavhengige. Langtidsvirkende naltrexon gitt som intramuskulær injeksjon hver 4. uke er et ...

Tumour hypoxia contributes to poor treatment outcome in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) and circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) as potential biomarkers of tumour hypoxia and adverse prognosis have not been fully ...

Hirschsprung disease is a neurocristopathy, characterized by aganglionosis in the distal bowel. It is caused by failure of the enteric nervous system progenitors to migrate, proliferate, and differentiate in the gut. ...

Tumor hypoxia contributes to therapy resistance and metastatic progression of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). We postulated that the tumor mitochondrial metabolism, manifested by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ...

Background Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have recently been identified as mediators in atherothrombosis. Although NETosis in general has been suggested to be glucose dependent, the transferability ...

Neonatal encephalopathy, and hereunder hypoxia-ischemia, is a major cause of newborn and pediatric morbidity and mortality. Survivor phenotypes range from mild learning disability to severe neurodevelopmental delay. ...

Background HMGB1 is a mediator of systemic inflammation in sepsis and trauma, and a promising biomarker in many diseases. There is currently no standard operating procedure for pre-analytical handling of HMGB1 samples, ...

Background Investigate effects of long-term exercise on the remodeling markers MMP-9, TIMP-1, EMMPRIN and Galectin-3 in combined type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. Any associations ...

Background Mortality rates and causes of death among individuals in opioid agonist treatment (OAT) vary according to several factors such as geographical region, age, gender, subpopulations, drug culture ...

Loss in blood volume due to bleeding or critical illness may be difficult to detect based on clinical signs such as blood pressure and heart rate alone. Monitoring of cardiac output is recommended for haemodynamic evaluation, ...

Background Prevalence studies are needed to assess the distribution of diseases. However, in a contrasting health promotion perspective, self-rated health is in itself an important field of study. This study investigated ...

Background Assertive community treatment (ACT) is an evidence-based treatment for people with severe mental illness, and this model is used widely throughout the world. Given the various adaptations in ...

Background Despite many recent studies on burn-out and dissatisfaction among American medical doctors, less is known about doctors in the Scandinavian public health service. The aims of this study were to ...

Background Information exchange between physician and patient is crucial to achieve patient involvement, shared decision making and treatment adherence. No reliable method exists for measuring how much ...

Background: The Onvision™ needle tip tracking (NTT) is new technology consisting of a needle with an ultrasound sensor close to the needle tip and a console for computerized signal processing. The aim of the study was to ...

Background A growing body of evidence suggests that the accumulation of amyloid-β and tau (HPτ) in the brain of patients with the dementia subtype idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is associated ...

Background Although visual acuity and optical coherence tomography (OCT) are most widely used as outcomes in treatment of neovascular age-related Macular Degeneration (nAMD), patient reported outcome ...

The articular cartilage of the knee joint is commonly injured, and the difficulty in treating these injuries has been recognized among orthopaedic surgeons for centuries. A focal cartilage lesion, isolated or concomitant ...

Background Low bone mineral density and an increased risk of appendicular and vertebral fractures are well-established consequences of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and the risk of fractures is exacerbated ...

Background In different models of hypoxia, blockade of opioid or N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors shows cardio- and neuroprotective effects with a consequent increase in animal survival. The aim of the ...

Background Childhood mortality is high in sub-Saharan Africa. Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV and congenital syphilis are among significant causes. Dual elimination of these two infections is one of the international ...

Background As the effect of opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) on overdose mortality varies both between and within countries, treatment programs need to be evaluated in different treatment settings and ...

Corneal ectasia is a group of progressive eye diseases causing the cornea to bulge into a cone-like shape. This shape results in visual impairment and disturbances such as monocular diplopia, glare and light sensitivity. ...

Background Cervical cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women in Zimbabwe; however; access to screening and treatment services remain challenged. The objective of this study was to investigate ...

Background Little is known about the use of psychotropic drugs in older adults receiving domiciliary care. The first aim was to describe the prevalence and persistency of use of psychotropic drugs in older ...