Background The use of HbA1c ≥6.5% for diagnosis of diabetes has been challenged for post-transplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM) also known as new onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT) due to a low ...

Atrial fibrillation is the most common cardiac arrhythmia, affecting >5% after the age of 65 years. Still, knowledge of atrial fibrillation epidemiology in Norway is scarce. As atrial fibrillation is often paroxysmal or ...

Background Individuals with spinal cord injuries (SCI) are prone to pressure ulcers (PUs) because of the loss of sensorimotor function involved as well as increased skin moisture. Treatment of PU after SCI ...

Many patients seeking inpatient treatment for substance use disorders have high levels of severity and often have comorbid mental illness, which can complicate the course of treatment. Up-to-date treatment approaches include ...

Background Immunochemotherapy, the combined use of immunotherapy and chemotherapy, has demonstrated great promise in several cancers. LTX-315 is an oncolytic peptide with potent immunomodulatory properties ...

Background Quality of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) skills may influence out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) outcomes. We analyzed how the level of CPR training related to indicators of ...

Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) is a severe clinical syndrome defined by impaired renal function, hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia. It mainly affects children of pre-school age, and is one of the most common causes ...

Background Self-evaluations of mental health problems may be a useful complement to diagnostic assessment, but are less frequently used. This study investigated the prevalence of self-evaluated current and ...

The anatomic “Double-bundle” ACL reconstruction technique was developed to improve the outcome of ACL reconstructions. This procedure is both complex, expensive and requires more resources than the traditional "Single-bundle" ...

Background Several studies have documented the variety of post-stroke psychosocial challenges, which are complex, multifaceted, and affect a patient’s rehabilitation and recovery. Due to the consequences ...

Background Though substance use is a known risk factor for self-discharge, patients self-discharging during treatment for acute poisoning have not previously been described. We charted characteristics of ...

Background Little is known about whether and to what extent loneliness impacts the lives of people with visual impairment (VI). Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of and factors ...

In this thesis patients who underwent liver transplantation (LT) for unresectable colorectal liver metastases were studied (SECA study). Lifelong immunosuppression following LT is necessary to prevent organ rejection ...

Background Early development of an oviparous organism is based on maternally stocked structural, nutritional and regulatory components. These components influence the future developmental potential of an ...

Providing sexual and reproductive healthcare services of high quality is key to improving people’s health, especially women and adolescents and, thus, to reducing maternal mortality and morbidity. Successful outcomes of ...

The efficacy of group psychotherapy for a wide variety of different mental disorders has been clearly demonstrated. However, it remains unclear how long therapy must last for change to take place. The aim of my thesis is ...

Fetal growth is dependent on oxygen and nutrients that are transferred from the mother by the placenta. Placental weight is an indicator of placental function. Johanne Dypvik has explored how placental weight may be ...

Background Infarct evolution rate and response to acute reperfusion therapy may differ between patients, which is important to consider for accurate management and treatment of patients with ST-elevation ...

Mothers and fathers may suffer severe traumatisation from learning of or witnessing events that threaten the lives of their children. Adolescents and young adults are often among victims of terrorist attacks. Yet, little ...

Background Diagnosing extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is challenging and many patients are initiated on empirical anti-TB treatment without a laboratory confirmed diagnosis. Monitoring treatment response ...

Background Health care professionals should prevent and relieve suffering in carers of patients with advanced cancer. Despite known positive effects of systematic carer support, carers still do not receive ...

Background The extent of post-mortem detection of specific psychoactive drugs may differ between countries, and may greatly influence the national death register’s classification of manner and cause of ...

Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) comprise a variety of chronic inflammatory disorders where the immune system attacks the body´s own tissues and organs. Genome-wide association studies have given us a long list of genetic risk ...

Background Few studies have examined the relationships between sputum inflammatory markers and subsequent annual decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (dFEV1). This study investigated whether indices ...

Background In hospitalised patients with diarrhoea a positive campylobacter stool Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test with negative culture results as well as Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) ...

Background This study investigated cause of death, mortality rates and explored if baseline characteristics were associated with risk of death in patients with alcohol use disorder alone or poly-substance ...

Background Cervical cancer is the most common cancer and a major cause of morbidity and mortality among women in Zimbabwe yet it is preventable, early detectable and highly curable. The objective of this ...

Background It has been suggested that smoking is associated with reduced risk of knee osteoarthritis (OA). However, supplementary studies are needed to further investigate any such potential association. ...

Back pain is a common and major source of disability. Although the majority of patients recover, 10–20% develops persistent pain. Twin studies estimate the heritability regarding back pain to 30-40%. Such studies measure ...

To combat the destructive effects of damage to DNA, different repair mechanisms play central roles. DNA is repaired by the activity of several classes of DNA repair proteins which scan the DNA to locate the damage, then ...

Background: Cervical cancer treatment and care services have remained largely centralized in Zimbabwe thereby entrenching inequities to access amongst patients. The objective of this study was to investigate the determinants ...

Background Even though progressive rhinosinusitis with osteitis is a major clinical problem in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), there are no studies on how GPA-related osteitis develops over time, ...

The huge discrepancy between the number of patients waiting for a liver transplant (LT) and the availability of donor organs have forced the transplant community to explore the use of extended criteria donors, of which old ...

Background From 2013 a midwife-led continuity model of care was implemented in the Nablus region in occupied Palestine, involving a governmental hospital and ten rural villages. This study analysed the relation between ...

Background There is emerging evidence for the effectiveness of psychodynamic psychotherapy for depressive disorders. However, we know less of how this relation-focused therapy mode is experienced and what ...

Background Alterations in autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity might be involved in the pathophysiology of delirium. The aim was to explore autonomic cardiovascular control in older patients with and ...

Background Spinal stenosis is a clinical diagnosis in which the main symptom is pain radiating to the lower extremities, or neurogenic claudication. Radiological spinal stenosis is commonly observed in the ...

Background Early intervention against cachexia necessitates a predictive model. The aims of this study were to identify predictors of cachexia development and to create and evaluate accuracy of a predictive ...

Background Recognizing patients with encephalitis may be challenging. The cardinal symptom, encephalopathy, has a wide array of differential diagnoses. In this prospective study we aimed to explore the ...

Background Claudin-low breast cancer is a molecular subtype associated with poor prognosis and without targeted treatment options. The claudin-low subtype is defined by certain biological characteristics, ...

Peanut allergy is common, and the main cause of life-threatening allergic reactions among children in the Western world. Concern for accidental exposure may reduce quality of life (QoL). In allergen specific immunotherapy, ...

Objective Sporadic fatal adverse events have been reported during treatment of multiple sclerosis with alemtuzumab. To provide a systematic overview, we searched the centralized European Medicines Agency ...

Studien undersøker effekt av langtidsvirkende naltrekson på symptomer av angst, depresjon, søvnløshet og kronisk smerter hos opioidavhengige. Langtidsvirkende naltrexon gitt som intramuskulær injeksjon hver 4. uke er et ...

Background/Objective: In recent years, several slightly younger cohorts have been established in order to study the preclinical and prodromal phases of dementia. The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease ...

Cholesterol crystals (CC) are strong activators of complement and could potentially be involved in thromboinflammation through complement-coagulation cross-talk. To explore the coagulation-inducing potential of CC, we ...

Background Following treatment, many depressed patients have significant residual symptoms. However, large randomised controlled trials (RCT) in this population are lacking. When Attention bias modification ...

The presence of high blood cholesterol levels, hypercholesterolemia, is a significant contributing factor to the development of coronary heart disease, a condition that is the leading cause of death for both women and men ...

An important goal in caring for people with dementia is to sustain or increase their experience of quality of life (QoL). Paying attention to the factors that influence the personal and emotional experiences of having ...

Personality disorders (PD) are common and burdensome mental disorders. The treatment of individuals with PD represents one of the more challenging areas in the field of mental health and health care providers need ...

Neisseria meningitidis infections in sub-Saharan Africa usually present with distinct symptoms of meningitis but very rarely as fulminant septicemia when reaching hospitals. In Europe, development of persistent meningococcal ...

Neonatal encephalopathy, and hereunder hypoxia-ischemia, is a major cause of newborn and pediatric morbidity and mortality. Survivor phenotypes range from mild learning disability to severe neurodevelopmental delay. ...

Background Information exchange between physician and patient is crucial to achieve patient involvement, shared decision making and treatment adherence. No reliable method exists for measuring how much ...

Tumor hypoxia contributes to therapy resistance and metastatic progression of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). We postulated that the tumor mitochondrial metabolism, manifested by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ...

Background Mortality rates and causes of death among individuals in opioid agonist treatment (OAT) vary according to several factors such as geographical region, age, gender, subpopulations, drug culture ...

The articular cartilage of the knee joint is commonly injured, and the difficulty in treating these injuries has been recognized among orthopaedic surgeons for centuries. A focal cartilage lesion, isolated or concomitant ...

Background Cervical cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women in Zimbabwe; however; access to screening and treatment services remain challenged. The objective of this study was to investigate ...

Background Little is known about the use of psychotropic drugs in older adults receiving domiciliary care. The first aim was to describe the prevalence and persistency of use of psychotropic drugs in older ...

Background As the effect of opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) on overdose mortality varies both between and within countries, treatment programs need to be evaluated in different treatment settings and ...

Background Gemcitabine remains a cornerstone in chemotherapy of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) despite suboptimal clinical effects that are partly due to the development of chemoresistance. Pancreatic ...

Lumbar total disc replacement is a treatment option for selected patients with chronic low back pain and intervertebral disc degeneration. The treatment was introduced as a motion-preserving alternative to spinal fusion, ...

Background Although an increasing amount of research has now established good psychometric properties and a three-component factor structure of the Diabetes Eating Problem Survey – Revised (DEPS-R) in ...

Preschool children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, are highly exposed to influenza viruses. Factors related to infections, nutrition, and environmental conditions that might explain the burden of influenza among these children ...

Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune, neuroinflammatory disease, with an unclear etiology. However, T cells play a central role in the pathogenesis by crossing the blood–brain-barrier, leading ...

Background Surgical treatment of young patients with recurrent lateral patella dislocation (RLDP) is often recommended because of loss of knee function that compromises their level of activity or even their ...

Multimodal postoperative pain treatment is often used for the treatment of postoperative pain emphasizing the importance of combining different drugs to achieve optimal pain relief and reduce opioid-related side effects. ...

Bipolar disorder type II is characterized by episodes of hypomania and depression, and can cause substantial social and occupational impairments. Increased insight into pathophysiological mechanisms is essential for ...

Background Knowledge of HIV-1 molecular transmission clusters (MTCs) is important, especially in large-scale datasets, for designing prevention programmes and public health intervention strategies. We used ...

At the start of the work with this thesis few groups had studied pain, symptoms and health related quality of life (HRQOL) in the same sample of ICU survivors. The aim was to explore: the prevalence of chronic pain in ICU ...

In young women, the use of snus increases in parallel with decreasing smoking rates but the use in pregnancy is unclear. Our aims were to determine the prevalence of snus use, smoking and other nicotine-containing product ...

Objectives The aim was to assess coronary atherosclerosis, plaque morphology and associations to cardiovascular risk factors and epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) in patients with long duration of type 1 ...

School refusal behaviour (SRB) in students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is scarcely studied, although it is known that they could have problems with school attendance. The overall aim for this PhD- study was to ...

Background It is unclear whether influenza infection and associated co-infection are associated with patient-important outcomes in critically ill immunocompromised patients with acute respiratory failure. ...

Background Typhoid fever remains a major public health problem in Zimbabwe with recurrent outbreaks reported since 2009. To provide guidance on appropriate treatment choice in order to minimise the morbidity ...

Aims The aims of this study were to determine the rates of surgical complications, reoperations, and readmissions following herniated lumbar disc surgery, and to investigate the impact of sociodemographic factors and ...

Background CAPOS (Cerebellar ataxia, Areflexia, Pes cavus, Optic atrophy and Sensorineural hearing loss) syndrome is caused by the heterozygous mutation, c.2452G > A, in the ATP1A3 gene. Other mutations ...

Background Adherence to phosphate binder treatment is important to prevent high serum phosphate level in chronic dialysis patients. We therefore wanted to investigate patient knowledge, beliefs about and ...

Background Research is scarce on patient and parent satisfaction with family-based treatment for adolescent anorexia nervosa (AN), especially family-based treatment adapted to inpatient settings. The purpose ...

Background Respect for patient autonomy and the requirement of informed consent is an essential basic patient right. It is constituted through international conventions and implemented in health law in ...

Background Myotonic Dystrophy 1 (DM1) causes progressive myopathy of extremity muscles. DM1 may also affect muscles of the trunk. The aim of this study was to investigate fat infiltration and muscle size ...

Objectives Postoperative wound dehiscence (PWD) is a serious complication to laparotomy, leading to higher mortality, readmissions and cost. The aims of the present study are to investigate whether risk adjusted PWD rates ...

Background Over the past decades research has shown that employment has a positive impact on quality of life, global functioning and recovery in individuals with schizophrenia. However, access to vocational ...

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still the leading cause of mortality in the world, and more targeted prediction models are needed to improve CVD prevention. Aims: We hypothesized that heart rate reserve ...

The field of psychotherapy has developed through several decades, and a variety of psychotherapeutic methods exist. Research on outcome and process is necessary for making recommendations for future practice to improve the ...

Objective To determine whether infection with human enterovirus or adenovirus, both common intestinal viruses, predicts development of coeliac disease. Design Case-control study nested within Norwegian birth cohort ...

Background The goal of this literature review was to assess sex differences in the quality of life (QoL) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and, if possible, to determine if these are due to AF. Methods and ...

The human mucosa in both the gut and the oropharynx is constantly under exposure to commensals and opportunists and are a key site of immune responses. Homoeostasis between mucosal components play a critical role in avoiding ...

Background Following curative-intent neoadjuvant therapy in locally advanced rectal cancer, metastatic progression is still dominant. We investigated if patients’ circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] ...

Background In older patients, timely recognition and treatment of medication misuse and dependence are crucial to secure medication safety and to avoid increasing health expenditure. Nonetheless, the ...

Lung cancer remains the most common cause of cancer-related deaths globally. The work in this thesis demonstrated the need for further research into new targets for drug development and highlights why some patients with ...

Background Local treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) by Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP) has been correlated with reproductive morbidity, while the cervicovaginal microbiota ...

Background Hip fracture patients are frail and have a high mortality. We investigated whether the introduction of fast track care reduced the 30-day mortality after hip fractures. ...

Background Low back pain (LBP) and pelvic girdle pain (PGP) are commonly reported during pregnancy and are known to affect pregnant women’s well-being. Still, these conditions are often considered to be a ...

Background Elevated serum uric acid (SUA) is associated with poor prognosis in patients with cardiovascular disease, yet it is still not decided whether the role of SUA is causal or only reflects an underlying ...

Objective: We investigated the independent and joint associations of changes in estimated cardiorespiratory fitness (eCRF) and symptoms of anxiety and depression with brain volumes in individuals from the general ...

Background This study aims to explore how patients with metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) experience the adverse effects of treatment, as expressed by the individuals themselves. ...

Background Platelet inhibition is important for patients with coronary artery disease. When dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is required, a P2Y12-antagonist is usually recommended in addition to standard ...

Introduction Glutaminase inhibitors target cancer cells by blocking the conversion of glutamine to glutamate, thereby potentially interfering with anaplerosis and synthesis of amino acids and glutathione. ...

Background Quality of life (QoL) is a patient-reported outcome of increasing importance in the substance use disorder (SUD) treatment field, and impaired QoL may be an important impetus for treatment uptake. ...

Background A major barrier to effective treatment of glioblastoma (GBM) is the large intertumoral heterogeneity at the genetic and cellular level. In early phase clinical trials, patient heterogeneity in ...

Background Service providers throughout Europe have identified the need to define how high-quality community-based mental health care looks to organize their own services and to inform governments, ...