Background Little is known about whether and to what extent loneliness impacts the lives of people with visual impairment (VI). Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of and factors ...

Background Though substance use is a known risk factor for self-discharge, patients self-discharging during treatment for acute poisoning have not previously been described. We charted characteristics of ...

Background The extent of post-mortem detection of specific psychoactive drugs may differ between countries, and may greatly influence the national death register’s classification of manner and cause of ...

Providing sexual and reproductive healthcare services of high quality is key to improving people’s health, especially women and adolescents and, thus, to reducing maternal mortality and morbidity. Successful outcomes of ...

Fetal growth is dependent on oxygen and nutrients that are transferred from the mother by the placenta. Placental weight is an indicator of placental function. Johanne Dypvik has explored how placental weight may be ...

Background The use of HbA1c ≥6.5% for diagnosis of diabetes has been challenged for post-transplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM) also known as new onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT) due to a low ...

Background Individuals with spinal cord injuries (SCI) are prone to pressure ulcers (PUs) because of the loss of sensorimotor function involved as well as increased skin moisture. Treatment of PU after SCI ...

Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) comprise a variety of chronic inflammatory disorders where the immune system attacks the body´s own tissues and organs. Genome-wide association studies have given us a long list of genetic risk ...

Atrial fibrillation is the most common cardiac arrhythmia, affecting >5% after the age of 65 years. Still, knowledge of atrial fibrillation epidemiology in Norway is scarce. As atrial fibrillation is often paroxysmal or ...

Many patients seeking inpatient treatment for substance use disorders have high levels of severity and often have comorbid mental illness, which can complicate the course of treatment. Up-to-date treatment approaches include ...

Background Immunochemotherapy, the combined use of immunotherapy and chemotherapy, has demonstrated great promise in several cancers. LTX-315 is an oncolytic peptide with potent immunomodulatory properties ...

Background Quality of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) skills may influence out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) outcomes. We analyzed how the level of CPR training related to indicators of ...

Background Recognizing patients with encephalitis may be challenging. The cardinal symptom, encephalopathy, has a wide array of differential diagnoses. In this prospective study we aimed to explore the ...

Background Alterations in autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity might be involved in the pathophysiology of delirium. The aim was to explore autonomic cardiovascular control in older patients with and ...

Background Spinal stenosis is a clinical diagnosis in which the main symptom is pain radiating to the lower extremities, or neurogenic claudication. Radiological spinal stenosis is commonly observed in the ...

Background Few studies have examined the relationships between sputum inflammatory markers and subsequent annual decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (dFEV1). This study investigated whether indices ...

Background Even though progressive rhinosinusitis with osteitis is a major clinical problem in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), there are no studies on how GPA-related osteitis develops over time, ...

Background There is emerging evidence for the effectiveness of psychodynamic psychotherapy for depressive disorders. However, we know less of how this relation-focused therapy mode is experienced and what ...

Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) is a severe clinical syndrome defined by impaired renal function, hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia. It mainly affects children of pre-school age, and is one of the most common causes ...

Background Self-evaluations of mental health problems may be a useful complement to diagnostic assessment, but are less frequently used. This study investigated the prevalence of self-evaluated current and ...

The anatomic “Double-bundle” ACL reconstruction technique was developed to improve the outcome of ACL reconstructions. This procedure is both complex, expensive and requires more resources than the traditional "Single-bundle" ...

Background Several studies have documented the variety of post-stroke psychosocial challenges, which are complex, multifaceted, and affect a patient’s rehabilitation and recovery. Due to the consequences ...

Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune, neuroinflammatory disease, with an unclear etiology. However, T cells play a central role in the pathogenesis by crossing the blood–brain-barrier, leading ...

In this thesis patients who underwent liver transplantation (LT) for unresectable colorectal liver metastases were studied (SECA study). Lifelong immunosuppression following LT is necessary to prevent organ rejection ...

Background Early development of an oviparous organism is based on maternally stocked structural, nutritional and regulatory components. These components influence the future developmental potential of an ...

Background It has been suggested that smoking is associated with reduced risk of knee osteoarthritis (OA). However, supplementary studies are needed to further investigate any such potential association. ...

Background This study investigated cause of death, mortality rates and explored if baseline characteristics were associated with risk of death in patients with alcohol use disorder alone or poly-substance ...

Back pain is a common and major source of disability. Although the majority of patients recover, 10–20% develops persistent pain. Twin studies estimate the heritability regarding back pain to 30-40%. Such studies measure ...

To combat the destructive effects of damage to DNA, different repair mechanisms play central roles. DNA is repaired by the activity of several classes of DNA repair proteins which scan the DNA to locate the damage, then ...

The efficacy of group psychotherapy for a wide variety of different mental disorders has been clearly demonstrated. However, it remains unclear how long therapy must last for change to take place. The aim of my thesis is ...

Background Following treatment, many depressed patients have significant residual symptoms. However, large randomised controlled trials (RCT) in this population are lacking. When Attention bias modification ...

An important goal in caring for people with dementia is to sustain or increase their experience of quality of life (QoL). Paying attention to the factors that influence the personal and emotional experiences of having ...

Background Little is known about the use of psychotropic drugs in older adults receiving domiciliary care. The first aim was to describe the prevalence and persistency of use of psychotropic drugs in older ...

Tumor hypoxia contributes to therapy resistance and metastatic progression of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). We postulated that the tumor mitochondrial metabolism, manifested by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ...

Neonatal encephalopathy, and hereunder hypoxia-ischemia, is a major cause of newborn and pediatric morbidity and mortality. Survivor phenotypes range from mild learning disability to severe neurodevelopmental delay. ...

Background Cervical cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women in Zimbabwe; however; access to screening and treatment services remain challenged. The objective of this study was to investigate ...

Background Research is scarce on patient and parent satisfaction with family-based treatment for adolescent anorexia nervosa (AN), especially family-based treatment adapted to inpatient settings. The purpose ...

Background Neuronal and glial cell interaction is essential for synaptic homeostasis and may be affected in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We measured cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neuronal and glia markers along ...

Background Over the past decades research has shown that employment has a positive impact on quality of life, global functioning and recovery in individuals with schizophrenia. However, access to vocational ...

Objective: We investigated the independent and joint associations of changes in estimated cardiorespiratory fitness (eCRF) and symptoms of anxiety and depression with brain volumes in individuals from the general ...

Patients with inflammatory joint diseases (IJD), including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) have increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Wibetoe investigated ...

The presence of high blood cholesterol levels, hypercholesterolemia, is a significant contributing factor to the development of coronary heart disease, a condition that is the leading cause of death for both women and men ...

Lumbar total disc replacement is a treatment option for selected patients with chronic low back pain and intervertebral disc degeneration. The treatment was introduced as a motion-preserving alternative to spinal fusion, ...

Blood stream infection with yeast, candidemia, is a rare, but severe condition with high mortality. Candidemia is diagnosed in immuno-compromised hospitalized patients with underlying illnesses. In Norway the incidence has ...

Background Knowledge of HIV-1 molecular transmission clusters (MTCs) is important, especially in large-scale datasets, for designing prevention programmes and public health intervention strategies. We used ...

Background It is unclear whether influenza infection and associated co-infection are associated with patient-important outcomes in critically ill immunocompromised patients with acute respiratory failure. ...

Background Local treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) by Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP) has been correlated with reproductive morbidity, while the cervicovaginal microbiota ...

Background Although an increasing amount of research has now established good psychometric properties and a three-component factor structure of the Diabetes Eating Problem Survey – Revised (DEPS-R) in ...

Background Elevated serum uric acid (SUA) is associated with poor prognosis in patients with cardiovascular disease, yet it is still not decided whether the role of SUA is causal or only reflects an underlying ...

Lung cancer remains the most common cause of cancer-related deaths globally. The work in this thesis demonstrated the need for further research into new targets for drug development and highlights why some patients with ...

Background CAPOS (Cerebellar ataxia, Areflexia, Pes cavus, Optic atrophy and Sensorineural hearing loss) syndrome is caused by the heterozygous mutation, c.2452G > A, in the ATP1A3 gene. Other mutations ...

Background This study aims to explore how patients with metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) experience the adverse effects of treatment, as expressed by the individuals themselves. ...

Objectives The aim was to assess coronary atherosclerosis, plaque morphology and associations to cardiovascular risk factors and epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) in patients with long duration of type 1 ...

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess if the reported provision of a coordinator was associated with time to first return to work (RTW) and first full RTW among sick-listed employees who participated in different ...

Background Isolated orofacial clefts are among the most common congenital birth defects. Although the underlying biological mechanisms remain largely unknown, clefts are thought to be complex disorders ...

Lung transplantation is limited by the shortage of donor organs. This thesis aims to provide insight into a fair and bene-ficial management of donor organs. Donor inflammation before procurement may reduce organ quality ...

Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) can offer long-term survival in patients with resectable peritoneal metastasis (PM) from colorectal cancer (CRC), a condition with otherwise ...

Background No consensus based national standard for interhospital transports of critically ill patients exists in Norway. The local hospitals are responsible for funding, organizing and performing these ...

Background Quality of life (QoL) is an established outcome measure of substance use disorder treatment. The WHOQOL-BREF is the gold standard tool, but its appropriateness for particularly vulnerable patient ...

Aims The prevalence of asymptomatic coronary artery disease (CAD) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is unclear. We investigated the extent and prevalence of asymptomatic CAD in T2D patients by utilizing invasive ...

Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Africa, the relative burden of CLD by aetiology is largely unknown although hepatitis B virus, alcohol misuse and hepatitis C virus are ...

Background The core features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are easily recognizable in non-structured clinical and real-life situations. The features are often difficult to capture in structured laboratory ...

Background Dementia and physical morbidity are primary reasons for nursing home admission globally. However, data on physical morbidity in nursing home residents with and without dementia are scarce. The ...

Background Experimental active compression-decompression (ACD) CPR is associated with increased haemodynamic outcomes compared to standard mechanical chest compressions. Since no clinically available ...

Following publication of the original article [1], one of the authors reported that his name had been spelled incorrectly. It should be Galappaththi-Arachchige, not Galapaththi-Arachchige.

More than 600 000 children die yearly due to the consequences of perinatal asphyxia/intrapartum events. In addition, a large number of children will suffer from severe neurological complications. We have performed an ...

Immune pathways, such as the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) pathway and the Notch signaling pathway, are implicated in the pathogenesis of severe mental disorders. In this thesis, Hoseth investigated the TNF and Notch signaling ...

Background Day care services offer meaningful activities, a safe environment for attendees and respite for family caregivers while being expected to delay the need for nursing home (NH) admission. However, ...

Background The lack of an antidote against factor Xa inhibitors in case of major bleeding or need for urgent surgery is a concern to clinicians. Guidelines on managing major bleeding in patients under ...

Background Diffuse alveolar bleeding is a potentially life-threatening condition that can be induced by several drugs. Whereas fatal cases have been reported in patients treated for other indications, no ...

Background A potential link between increase in total cholesterol and triglycerides and clinical improvement has been observed during antipsychotic drug treatment in chronic schizophrenia patients, possibly due to drug ...

Background The inflammatory response to community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) is orchestrated through activation of cytokine networks and the complement system. We examined the association of multiple cytokines and the ...

Background The EQ-5D-3 L instrument is a standardized questionnaire which was developed as a simple, generic measure of health for clinical and economic appraisal. To aid in the interpretation, scores are ...

Variability in functional outcome after ileal pouch-anal anastomsis is to a large extent unexplained. The aim of the thesis was to investigate postoperative function, and to examine well and poorly functioning patients to ...

Background We aimed to estimate the prevalence of faecal carriage of extended-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC) resistant E. coli and K. pneumoniae (ESCr-EK) and vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) in patients ...

Background: Several disease-modifying drug therapies are available for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). To ensure the most appropriate MS management, we assessed the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the ...

Background Thirty-day hospital readmissions represent an international challenge leading to increased prevalence of adverse events, reduced quality of care and pressure on healthcare service’s resources and ...

Recurrent chromosomal translocations leading to gene fusion formation have been described in uterine sarcomas, including low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (LG-ESS). Involvement of the PHF1 gene in chromosomal rearrangements ...

Albumin and IgG have remarkably long serum half-lives due to pH-dependent FcRn-mediated cellular recycling that rescues both ligands from intracellular degradation. Furthermore, increase in half-lives of IgG and albumin-based ...

Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia type 1 (CPVT1) is a rare disease caused by inherited mutations in the cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) that lead to ventricular tachycardia (VT) triggered by acute ...

Behavioural treatments for depression have shown promising preliminary effects for depression in inpatient wards. However, more research is needed regarding their feasibility in psychiatric intensive care units (PICU). The ...

Background The biological mechanisms of headache chronification are poorly understood. We aimed to identify changes in DNA methylation associated with the transformation from episodic to chronic headache. Methods ...

Background Energy drink (ED) consumption is increasing all over the world. We sought to describe the consumption of EDs among adolescents in Norway, and to explore the determinants of daily and high ...

The purpose of this thesis was to study dizziness-related disability and to investigate the effect of a modified group-based vestibular rehabilitation intervention (VR) in patients with mild-to-moderate traumatic brain ...

Objective: Investigate whether gastroenterologists rate the quality of referral letters higher if electronic dynamic checklist items are added to a standard free-text referral letter. Assess how this affects the ...

Background Ketorolac is an effective non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug, commonly used with local anaesthetics as part of local infiltration analgesia protocols following orthopaedic surgery. However, systemic uptake ...

Inflammatorisk tarmsykdom (IBD) er betennelsestilstander i tarmen med hovedsakelig ukjent sykdomsårsak, og består av sykdomsgruppene morbus crohn (CD) og ulcerøs kolitt (UC). Medisinsk behandling har som mål å dempe symptomer ...

Exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) affects endothelial function and may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis and vasomotor dysfunction. As intracellular calcium concentration [Ca2+]i is considered ...

Taurine is regarded as an essential amino acid in utero, and fetal taurine supply is believed to rely solely on placental transfer from maternal plasma. Despite its potential role in intrauterine growth restriction and ...

Background From the public health perspective, epidemiological data of child mental health and psychosocial correlates were necessary and very lacking in Lithuanian society that has been undergoing rapid ...

Background Involuntary care and coercive measures are frequently present in mental healthcare for adolescents. The purpose of this study was to examine to what extent adolescents perceive or experience ...

Normal fetal growth and development depends on a continuous supply of amino acids. Furthermore, the nutritional environment in which the fetus develops has a major impact on both the immediate and the future health of the ...

Background For injury deaths, the underlying cause of death is defined as the circumstances leading to the injury. When this information is missing, the ICD-10 code X59 (Exposure to unspecified factor) is ...

Background The concept of pioneer transcription factors is emerging as an essential part of the epigenetic regulation, taking place during cell development and differentiation. However, the precise molecular ...

Introduction Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (GBP) is associated with changes in cardiometabolic risk factors and bioavailability of drugs, but whether these changes are induced by calorie restriction, the weight loss or surgery ...

Background Changes in Norwegian law and health policy require all health professionals to help safeguard the provision of information and follow-up for the children of parents with mental or physical ...

In forensic genetics, massively parallel sequencing (MPS) has become a realistic alternative to the standard capillary elec-trophoresis. MPS has the potential to both improve DNA-profiling and to provide information beyond ...

Background The prevalence of major depression (MD) according to population studies is the same for old (65 years and older) and younger adults. In contrast, an elevated proportion of old MD patients are ...