Background Self-evaluations of mental health problems may be a useful complement to diagnostic assessment, but are less frequently used. This study investigated the prevalence of self-evaluated current and ...

The anatomic “Double-bundle” ACL reconstruction technique was developed to improve the outcome of ACL reconstructions. This procedure is both complex, expensive and requires more resources than the traditional "Single-bundle" ...

Background Immunochemotherapy, the combined use of immunotherapy and chemotherapy, has demonstrated great promise in several cancers. LTX-315 is an oncolytic peptide with potent immunomodulatory properties ...

Background Quality of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) skills may influence out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) outcomes. We analyzed how the level of CPR training related to indicators of ...

Background Little is known about whether and to what extent loneliness impacts the lives of people with visual impairment (VI). Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of and factors ...

Background Spinal stenosis is a clinical diagnosis in which the main symptom is pain radiating to the lower extremities, or neurogenic claudication. Radiological spinal stenosis is commonly observed in the ...

Background Alterations in autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity might be involved in the pathophysiology of delirium. The aim was to explore autonomic cardiovascular control in older patients with and ...

Background Recognizing patients with encephalitis may be challenging. The cardinal symptom, encephalopathy, has a wide array of differential diagnoses. In this prospective study we aimed to explore the ...

Fetal growth is dependent on oxygen and nutrients that are transferred from the mother by the placenta. Placental weight is an indicator of placental function. Johanne Dypvik has explored how placental weight may be ...

Background The use of HbA1c ≥6.5% for diagnosis of diabetes has been challenged for post-transplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM) also known as new onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT) due to a low ...

Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) comprise a variety of chronic inflammatory disorders where the immune system attacks the body´s own tissues and organs. Genome-wide association studies have given us a long list of genetic risk ...

Background The extent of post-mortem detection of specific psychoactive drugs may differ between countries, and may greatly influence the national death register’s classification of manner and cause of ...

Background Individuals with spinal cord injuries (SCI) are prone to pressure ulcers (PUs) because of the loss of sensorimotor function involved as well as increased skin moisture. Treatment of PU after SCI ...

Many patients seeking inpatient treatment for substance use disorders have high levels of severity and often have comorbid mental illness, which can complicate the course of treatment. Up-to-date treatment approaches include ...

Background Even though progressive rhinosinusitis with osteitis is a major clinical problem in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), there are no studies on how GPA-related osteitis develops over time, ...

Back pain is a common and major source of disability. Although the majority of patients recover, 10–20% develops persistent pain. Twin studies estimate the heritability regarding back pain to 30-40%. Such studies measure ...

Background Though substance use is a known risk factor for self-discharge, patients self-discharging during treatment for acute poisoning have not previously been described. We charted characteristics of ...

The efficacy of group psychotherapy for a wide variety of different mental disorders has been clearly demonstrated. However, it remains unclear how long therapy must last for change to take place. The aim of my thesis is ...

Background Although an increasing amount of research has now established good psychometric properties and a three-component factor structure of the Diabetes Eating Problem Survey – Revised (DEPS-R) in ...

Lumbar total disc replacement is a treatment option for selected patients with chronic low back pain and intervertebral disc degeneration. The treatment was introduced as a motion-preserving alternative to spinal fusion, ...

Neonatal encephalopathy, and hereunder hypoxia-ischemia, is a major cause of newborn and pediatric morbidity and mortality. Survivor phenotypes range from mild learning disability to severe neurodevelopmental delay. ...

Tumor hypoxia contributes to therapy resistance and metastatic progression of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). We postulated that the tumor mitochondrial metabolism, manifested by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ...

Lung cancer remains the most common cause of cancer-related deaths globally. The work in this thesis demonstrated the need for further research into new targets for drug development and highlights why some patients with ...

Patients with inflammatory joint diseases (IJD), including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) have increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Wibetoe investigated ...

Background Elevated serum uric acid (SUA) is associated with poor prognosis in patients with cardiovascular disease, yet it is still not decided whether the role of SUA is causal or only reflects an underlying ...

Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) can offer long-term survival in patients with resectable peritoneal metastasis (PM) from colorectal cancer (CRC), a condition with otherwise ...

Aims The prevalence of asymptomatic coronary artery disease (CAD) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is unclear. We investigated the extent and prevalence of asymptomatic CAD in T2D patients by utilizing invasive ...

Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Africa, the relative burden of CLD by aetiology is largely unknown although hepatitis B virus, alcohol misuse and hepatitis C virus are ...

Background The core features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are easily recognizable in non-structured clinical and real-life situations. The features are often difficult to capture in structured laboratory ...

Lung transplantation is limited by the shortage of donor organs. This thesis aims to provide insight into a fair and bene-ficial management of donor organs. Donor inflammation before procurement may reduce organ quality ...

Background Local treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) by Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP) has been correlated with reproductive morbidity, while the cervicovaginal microbiota ...

Background Isolated orofacial clefts are among the most common congenital birth defects. Although the underlying biological mechanisms remain largely unknown, clefts are thought to be complex disorders ...

Background No consensus based national standard for interhospital transports of critically ill patients exists in Norway. The local hospitals are responsible for funding, organizing and performing these ...

Background Quality of life (QoL) is an established outcome measure of substance use disorder treatment. The WHOQOL-BREF is the gold standard tool, but its appropriateness for particularly vulnerable patient ...

Blood stream infection with yeast, candidemia, is a rare, but severe condition with high mortality. Candidemia is diagnosed in immuno-compromised hospitalized patients with underlying illnesses. In Norway the incidence has ...

Background CAPOS (Cerebellar ataxia, Areflexia, Pes cavus, Optic atrophy and Sensorineural hearing loss) syndrome is caused by the heterozygous mutation, c.2452G > A, in the ATP1A3 gene. Other mutations ...

Background Neuronal and glial cell interaction is essential for synaptic homeostasis and may be affected in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We measured cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neuronal and glia markers along ...

Background Knowledge of HIV-1 molecular transmission clusters (MTCs) is important, especially in large-scale datasets, for designing prevention programmes and public health intervention strategies. We used ...

The burden of hepatitis C virus (HCV) related liver disease among people who inject drugs (PWID) is increasing. Current highly efficient, simple, and tolerable directacting antiviral (DAA) HCV treatment provides new ...

Background Chemotherapeutic agents such as anthracyclines and taxanes are commonly used in the neoadjuvant setting. Bevacizumab is an antibody which binds to vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) ...

Sundby and co-workers have in this thesis studied the isolated effects of applying mild negative pressure (-40 mrnHg) to the limb on foot macro- and microcirculation in healthy volunteers, patients with peripheral arterial ...

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in men and women worldwide. Surgical resection is recommended treatment for limited disease of non-small cell lung cancer. Biological factors such as age, body mass index, ...

Background The World Health Organization has set an ambitious goal of eliminating viral hepatitis as a major public health threat by 2030. However, in sub-Saharan Africa, antiviral treatment of chronic ...

Background It is widely accepted that exercise capacity in healthy individuals is limited by the cardiac function, while the respiratory system is considered oversized. Although there is physiological, ...

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common musculoskeletal disorder. During the past decades, the concepts of OA have been forever changed with the application of modern imaging techniques such as ultrasonography. While ...

Data from Swedish health care registries, being nationwide and linkable with other registers by using personal identification number, provides an excellent source for disease insights from various aspects. Paper I showed ...

Background The development of both chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer (LC) is influenced by smoking related chronic pulmonary inflammation caused by an excessive innate immune ...

Background Fear of childbirth (FOC) could have significant impact on women’s childbearing choices and experience. Culture affects the way women conceptualize childbirth, influencing the fears and expectations ...

We systematically reviewed data about the effect of exogenous estrogens and progestogens on the course of migraine during reproductive age. Thereafter a consensus procedure among international experts was undertaken to ...

Background The National Guideline for Assessment, Treatment and Social Rehabilitation of Persons with Concurrent Substance Use and Mental Health Disorders, launched in 2012, is to be implemented in mental ...

Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is assumed to be the major cause of chronic liver disease (CLD) in sub-Saharan Africa. The contribution of other aetiological causes of CLD is less well documented ...

Background Work disability involves large costs to the society as well as to the individual. Work disability is common among people with chronic pain conditions, yet few effective interventions exist. ...

Background Primary headaches are associated with psychological distress, neuroticism and disability. However, little is known about headache-related disability and psychological distress among people with ...

Background Personality is considered as an important aspect in persons with psychotic disorders. Several studies have investigated personality in schizophrenia. However, no study has investigated stability ...

Background Despite the high prevalence of insomnia in patients with advanced cancer, there are no randomized controlled trials on pharmacological interventions for insomnia in this group of patients. A ...

Background Renal angiomyolipomas (AMLs) are a major clinical feature in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Spontaneous bleeding can be life threatening, and appropriate information and proper ...

Cardiac troponins are intracellular proteins existing solely in cardiac myocytes. Highly sensitive troponin assays have revealed low levels of circulating troponins in individuals with atrial fibrillation that have been ...

Background An important feature in many genomic studies is quality control and normalization. This is particularly important when analyzing epigenetic data, where the process of obtaining measurements can ...

This thesis investigates several issues in DCE-MRI of high-grade gliomas for the purpose of optimizing the sequence for increased reproducibility of the estimated kinetic parameters. The effect of reducing the temporal ...

Children born to substance-dependent mothers who themselves have had an upbringing disturbed by parental substance-abuse, are at high risk. The mothers in this study represent a vulnerable group, difficult for researchers ...

Background Rett syndrome (RTT) is a neurodevelopmental disorder. In more than 95% of females with classic RTT a pathogenic mutation in MECP2 has been identified. This leaves a small fraction of classic cases ...

Background Understanding the determinants associated with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in coronary patients may help to individualize treatment and modelling interventions. We sought to identify ...

Background Obesity during adolescence is associated with cardiovascular mortality in adulthood. The adverse obesity-related cardiometabolic risk profile is already observed in adolescence. We aimed to examine ...

Background Therapeutic hypothermia has become the standard of care for newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in high and middle income countries. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has neuroprotective properties of ...

Background Multi-item rating scales for depression informs about the level of depression, but does not allow individuals to state by self-evaluation whether they feel depressed or not. The insider perspective ...

Background People with severe mental illness have markedly reduced life expectancy; cardiometabolic disease is a major cause. Psychiatric hospital inpatients have elevated levels of cardiometabolic risk ...

Background A Bayesian mixed model approach using integrated nested Laplace approximations (INLA) allows us to construct flexible models that can account for pedigree structure. Using these models, we estimate ...

Background: Cesarean delivery is performed under spinal anesthesia, and vasodilation is the main cause for a drop in blood pressure. The compression of the aorta and inferior vena cava by the gravid uterus is of additional ...

Background Parkinson’s disease is a heterogeneous disorder where genetic factors may underlie clinical variability. Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a parasomnia strongly linked to ...

Background Mental disorders often have onset early in life, contribute substantially to the global disease burden, and may interfere with young people’s ability to complete age-relevant tasks in important ...

Background Patient experiences are acknowledged as an important aspect of health care quality but no validated instruments have been identified for the measurement of either parent or patient experiences ...

Background Successful treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is essential to reduce tuberculosis (TB) incidence rates in low-burden countries. This study measures treatment completion and ...

Background Larsen syndrome is a hereditary disorder characterized by osteochondrodysplasia, congenital large-joint dislocations, and craniofacial abnormalities. The autosomal dominant type is caused by ...

Naturlige dreperceller (NK-celler) er en type dreperceller i immunsystemet vårt. Deres funksjon er å drepe virusinfiserte celler og kreftceller. Nåtidens trend innen utvikling av immunterapi foreslår at NK-celler kan ha ...

Background The World Health Organization has recommended that all infants under 6 months should be exclusively breastfed. An understanding of the trend of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) over years and over ...

Photochemical internalization (PCI) is a novel technique for targeted delivery of therapeutic substances into cancer cells. Leiomyosarcomas are inherently resistant to established cancer treatment regimens and by studying ...

Background: Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) is a severe lung condition affecting newborns and it can lead to a systemic inflammatory response. We previously documented complement activation and cytokine release in a ...

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) leads to venous stasis, vessel injury, and hypercoagulability which favor thrombosis generation. Therefore, the majority of patients receive anticoagulants to prevent thromboembolism. These ...

We have previously shown that aberrant promoter methylation of ZNF331 is a potential biomarker for colorectal cancer detection with high sensitivity (71%) and specificity (98%). This finding was recently confirmed by others, ...

The couple relationship is of particular importance in the transition to parenthood and in the early childhood years because it is related to the well-being and mental health of partners, children, and the family. One ...

Background The increased prevalence of disturbed eating behaviors (DEB), depression, and anxiety in type 1 diabetes (T1D) is generally well established; however the majority of existing research to date ...

Background Patients with severe mental illness may be subjected to Community Treatment Orders (CTOs) in order to secure that the patients adhere to treatment. Few studies have investigated the use of CTOs ...

Background In 2013 the Scandinavian Neurotrauma Committee (SNC) published updated guidelines for the initial management of minimal, mild and moderate traumatic head injuries (MTHI) that included serum ...

Background Hospital readmissions is an increasingly serious international problem, associated with higher risks of adverse events, especially in elderly patients. There can be many causes and influential ...

Helicobacter pylori is an ulcer-causing bacterium that evolutionary needs to adapt quickly to changing conditions. Hilde Synnøve Vollan’s bioinformatics studies revealed that H. pylori outer membrane phospholipase A (OMPLA) ...

Background Although chemo-immunotherapy has led to an improved overall survival for most B-cell lymphoma types, relapsed and refractory disease remains a challenge. The malaria drug artesunate has previously ...

Background Involuntary care and coercive measures are frequently present in mental healthcare for adolescents. The purpose of this study was to examine to what extent adolescents perceive or experience ...

Normal fetal growth and development depends on a continuous supply of amino acids. Furthermore, the nutritional environment in which the fetus develops has a major impact on both the immediate and the future health of the ...

Background For injury deaths, the underlying cause of death is defined as the circumstances leading to the injury. When this information is missing, the ICD-10 code X59 (Exposure to unspecified factor) is ...

Background Changes in Norwegian law and health policy require all health professionals to help safeguard the provision of information and follow-up for the children of parents with mental or physical ...

In forensic genetics, massively parallel sequencing (MPS) has become a realistic alternative to the standard capillary elec-trophoresis. MPS has the potential to both improve DNA-profiling and to provide information beyond ...

Background Dementia and physical morbidity are primary reasons for nursing home admission globally. However, data on physical morbidity in nursing home residents with and without dementia are scarce. The ...

Background Experimental active compression-decompression (ACD) CPR is associated with increased haemodynamic outcomes compared to standard mechanical chest compressions. Since no clinically available ...

More than 600 000 children die yearly due to the consequences of perinatal asphyxia/intrapartum events. In addition, a large number of children will suffer from severe neurological complications. We have performed an ...

Immune pathways, such as the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) pathway and the Notch signaling pathway, are implicated in the pathogenesis of severe mental disorders. In this thesis, Hoseth investigated the TNF and Notch signaling ...

Background Day care services offer meaningful activities, a safe environment for attendees and respite for family caregivers while being expected to delay the need for nursing home (NH) admission. However, ...

Background The lack of an antidote against factor Xa inhibitors in case of major bleeding or need for urgent surgery is a concern to clinicians. Guidelines on managing major bleeding in patients under ...