Background Internationally, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) is commonly used to assess the frequency and severity of depressive symptoms. However, psychometric properties of the Norwegian version ...

Background Current nutritional management of infants born very preterm results in significant deficiency of the essential fatty acids (FAs) arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The impact ...

Background Post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) is a frequent chronic complication of proximal deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the lower limb, but predictors of PTS are not well established. We aimed to examine ...

Background There is increasing access to mental health services in biomedical settings (e.g., primary care and specialty clinics) in low- and middle-income countries. Traditional healing continues to be ...

Background Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) causes a recurring inflammation in nose and paranasal sinuses that clinically resembles chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) of other aetiologies. While sinonasal ...

Background Mental health professionals usually decide patients’ access to inpatient care to ensure care based on need and potential benefit. The purpose of the current study is to investigate how patients ...

Background The trochanteric stabilizing plate (TSP) is used as an adjunct to the sliding hip screw (SHS) in unstable trochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures. We wanted to describe the choice of implant ...

Objective Despite critical hypoxemia, Covid-19 patients may present without proportional signs of respiratory distress. We report three patients with critical respiratory failure due to Covid-19, in which ...

Background Considering the advantages of using medicinal herbs as supplementary treatments to sensitize conventional anti-cancer drugs, studying functional mechanisms and regulatory effects of Echinacea ...

Abstract In this paper we investigate various effects of inbreeding on the likelihood ratio (LR) in forensic kinship testing. The basic setup of such testing involves formulating two competing hypotheses, in the form of ...

Whereas left atrial (LA) enlargement is an independent predictor for adverse cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality, this is regarded a physiological adaption of exercise. Paradoxically, LA size in athletes may ...

This is a quantitative follow-up study of young patients recruited in their first treatment of a psychotic disorder. At baseline (N=90) and follow-up (N=56), the participants went through an extensive diagnostic and clinical ...

The macro- and microstructural architecture of human brain white matter undergoes substantial alterations throughout development and ageing. Most of our understanding of the spatial and temporal characteristics of these ...

Long-term consequences of kidney donation has not been fully studied. We have investigated prevalence of common diseases among kidney donors, and assessed the risk of hypertension, ischemic heart disease, diabetes and ...

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults. Despite treatment consisting of surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, survival is limited and usually do not extend beyond a year. A major challenge in ...

Background Central nervous system depressant medications (CNSDs) such as opioid analgesics and sedative-hypnotics are commonly prescribed to older patients for the treatment of chronic pain, anxiety and insomnia. Yet, ...

Background Economic analyses of end-of-life care often focus on single aspects of care in selected cohorts leading to limited knowledge on the total level of care required to patients at their end-of-life. ...

Narcolepsy type 1 is a chronic neurological sleep disorder. In addition to the classical narcolepsy symptoms such as excessive daytime sleepiness, sleep hallucinations, sleep paralysis and loss of muscle tone when experiencing ...

Background It is estimated that up to a third of patients on opioid agonist therapy (OAT) have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Treatment by ADHD medication, including a centrally acting ...

Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is often associated with life-long medical, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral changes. Although long-lasting disabilities are expected, research on effective ...

Background Motivational negative symptoms hinder quality of life and daily functioning of individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. A recently developed intervention, Switch, has shown promising effects on negative ...

Background Knowledge about the high rates of depression in people with visual impairment (VI) remains unclear. The study aimed to examine whether depressive symptoms in people with VI were associated with ...

Purpose The pressure on healthcare budgets remains high, partially due to the ageing population. Economic evaluation can be a helpful tool to inform resource allocation in publicly financed systems. Such evaluations ...

Background Family involvement for persons with psychotic disorders is under-implemented in mental health care, despite its firm scientific, economic, legal and moral basis. This appears to be the case in ...

Congenital aniridia is primarily characterized by hypoplasia of the iris and the retinal fovea. Foveal hypoplasia is the main cause of congenital reduced vision. Keratopathy is common in aniridia, leading to considerable ...

Lung cancer is a common type of cancer in Norway. Many patients are diagnosed in advanced stages of disease and the long-time prognosis is poor. Research efforts during the last decades have resulted in novel treatment ...

Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative movement disorder with cognitive symptoms with similarities to Alzheimer´s disease. Mild cognitive impairment affects 15-20 % of patients in early stage. 80 % develop dementia ...

Ventricular arrhythmias are a major cause of sudden cardiac death among patients with chronic heart disease. Current treatments are ineffective and associated with several side effects, and new treatments targeting the ...

Background Farm-based day care services (FDCs) for people with dementia are intending to provide social relationships and meaningful activities in an agricultural landscape and offer respite for next of ...

Telomeres are nucleoprotein structures located at the end of chromosomes. Telomere length and the enzyme responsible for their elongation, telomerase, are essential for genome integrity by protecting chromosomal ends. ...

The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2 del), also known as DiGeorge syndrome, is a genetic disorder with an estimated incidence of 1:3000 to 1:6000 births. These patients may suffer from affection of many organ systems ...

The health benefits associated with youth sports participation are well recognized. At the elite level, however, are these advantages in fact outweighed by an increased risk of injury and illness? There are strong opinions ...

Background Although many people experience loneliness in old age, there is little knowledge of predisposing personality factors. The aim of the present study was to explore to what extent personality traits ...

Objective The Eating Disorder Assessment for DSM-5 (EDA-5) is an electronic, semi-structured interview developed to assess feeding and eating disorders following DSM-5 criteria. The original English version has strong ...

Cells have developed mechanisms to ensure that appropriate signaling is achieved and continued for the proper period of time. Deregulation of receptor signaling can result in diseases, including development of cancer. Among ...

High-grade serous carcinoma, the most common and aggressive type of ovarian cancer, and the related entity carcinosarcoma have a particular way of metastasizing within the serosal cavities with the accumulation of fluid, ...

Background Pancreatic and periampullary carcinoma are aggressive tumours where preoperative assessment is challenging. Disseminated tumour cells (DTC) in the bone marrow (BM) are associated with impaired prognosis in a ...

In the heart, activation of the sympathetic nervous system increases the force of contraction, heart rate and relaxation primarily through activation of β-adrenergic G-protein-coupled receptors (βAR). The β1AR is the ...

Background Dementia is affecting both the person with the disease and the family members. It is associated with nursing home admission, and a reduced ability to perform personal activities of daily living ...

Background Joubert syndrome (JBTS) is a genetically heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental syndromes caused by primary cilia dysfunction. Usually the neurological presentation starts with abnormal neonatal ...

Background We recently reported outcomes from a Scandinavian Sarcoma Group adjuvant study (SSG XX group A) conducted on localized and operable high risk soft tissue sarcoma (STS) of the extremities and trunk wall. SSG XX, ...

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The treatment options for CRC remain limited, and diagnostic and therapeutic practices lack accuracy and predictive power. Despite ...

Background One of the major challenges in obesity treatment is to explain the high variability in the individual’s response to specific dietary and physical activity interventions. With this study, we tested the hypothesis ...

Background VascuQoL-6 (VQ-6) is a disease-specific quality of life (QoL) instrument validated for use in clinical practice and vascular registries before and after treatment for peripheral arterial disease (PAD). To improve ...

Modic changes are vertebral changes extending from the endplate visible on an MRI, and are associated with back pain. A randomized trial from 2013 concluded that 3 months oral amoxicillin/clavulanate treatment provide a ...

Background Targeted hypothermia, as used after cardiac arrest, increases electrical and mechanical systolic duration. Differences in duration of electrical and mechanical systole are correlated to ventricular ...

Background Marfan syndrome, a rare hereditary connective tissue disorder caused by mutations in fibrillin-1, can affect many organ systems, especially the cardiovascular system. Previous research has paid ...

Background Standard treatment for patients with limited stage small cell lung cancer (LS SCLC) is concurrent platinum–etoposide chemotherapy and thoracic radiotherapy (TRT). Up to 30% of patients are cured, but severe ...

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is among the top 10 causes of mortality and the first killer among infectious diseases worldwide. One of the factors fuelling the TB epidemic is the global rise of multidrug resistant TB ...

Ongoing joint pain and back pain were associated with reduced quality of life and fatigue in IBD patients after 20 years of disease, whereas spondyloarthritis without ongoing joint symptoms did not have a negative impact ...

Background The number of people aged 80 years and above is projected to triple over the next 30 years. People in this age group normally have at least two chronic conditions. The impact of multimorbidity is often ...

Background A significant proportion of ischemic strokes are caused by emboli from atherosclerotic, unstable carotid artery plaques. The selection of patients for endarterectomy in current clinical practice is primarily ...

Pediatric anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are believed to be increasing due to the rapid surge in the number of children undergoing ACL reconstructive surgery. This trend is alarming due to the high risk of ...

Rett syndrome (RTT) is a neurodevelopmental disorder which is characterized by an apparently normal development in the first 6 to 18 months of life, followed by loss of acquired skills. Our overall aim was to describe ...

Background Early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF) is a predetermining factor for exclusive breastfeeding, and thus a foundation for optimal breastfeeding practices. Rates of EIBF are low globally (42%) and in Tanzania ...

The only long-term consequence of pulmonary embolism (PE) has for long been considered to be chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, which does not affect more than 2-4%. Recently some studies have revealed that ...

Coronary artery disease is one of the leading causes of mortality in the western world, and early identification is essential to reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease. Patients with coronary artery disease range from ...

Background The study aimed to assess whether gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms at admission are associated with increased short-term mortality in patients with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). ...

Background Educational programmes for caregivers of children with atopic dermatitis (AD) are reported to reduce the severity of AD and improve quality of life (QOL). Oslo University Hospital (OUH) in Norway ...

Migraine is a common disorder, but there is still little knowledge about what causes it. However, it is likely to involve a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors. The overall aim of the thesis was to ...

This thesis explores the symptom complex of cognitive impairment, fatigue and autonomic dysfunction in a well-defined cohort (n=49) of newly diagnosed Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients aiming to identify neurodegenerative ...

Presently, the health care service experiences increased expectations of patient involvement in decisions about treatment. Shared decision-making (SDM) is a conceptualization of patient involvement, described as a meeting ...

The thesis is based on three papers on endometriosis, a relatively common chronic inflammatory gynecological disease which can cause significant pain and infertility. All three papers are based on cross-sectional data from ...

Background Procalcitonin is an inflammatory biomarker that is sensitive for bacterial infections and a promising clinical decision aid in antimicrobial stewardship programs. However, there are few studies of physicians’ ...

Advances in cancer treatments have improved clinical outcomes, leading to an increasing population of cancer survivors. However, this success is associated with high rates of short‐ and long‐term cardiovascular (CV) ...

Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death among Norwegian men. Metastatic prostate adenocarcinomas are primarily treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Although this treatment is initially ...

Background Over the last two decades an increasing number of countries have legalized euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide (EAS) leading to considerable debate over the inherent ethical dilemmas. ...

Epilepsy in women of childbearing age may be challenging due to potential harm posed by antiepileptic drugs and issues regarding contraception and fertility. Anette Huuse Farmen has studied birth rates, intrauterine growth, ...

Breast cancer affects over 3500 women in Norway every year. Since the introduction of mammographic screening, early stage breast cancers are diagnosed more frequently and many of these are non-invasive with low potential ...

Background Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) targeting PD-1 or CTLA-4 has emerged as an important treatment modality for several cancer forms. In hormone receptor positive breast cancer (HR + BC), this ...

Background The impact of clinical and sociodemographic factors on fatigue remains unknown among patients with substance use disorders (SUD). This study aims to evaluate fatigue among patients with SUD using ...

Background Cervical radiculopathy is usually caused by disc herniation or spondylosis. The prognosis is expected to be good in most patients, but there is limited scientific evidence on the indications for ...

By comparing morning salivary cortisol and health-related quality of life (QoL) in two-year-old toddlers, this study is a contribution to the understanding of the association between stress and early asthma development. ...

Identification of biomarkers associated with protection from developing diabetic complications is a prerequisite for an effective prevention and treatment. The aim of the present study was to identify clinical and plasma ...

Background Treatment with direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) offers an opportunity to eliminate hepatitis C virus (HCV) endemic among people who inject drugs (PWID) and people enrolled in opioid agonist therapy (OAT) ...

Background Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is common in patients with eating disorders (EDs). There is a lack of research investigating the presence of ED symptoms among patients with OCD, despite ...

Patients with common psychiatric diseases like mood disorders and anxiety disorders have often been found to exhibit chronically elevated levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines when compared to healthy people. ...

Background 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) is used in the clinical management of oncologic and inflammatory pathologies. It may have utility in detecting radiotherapy ...

Abstract Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are important and the Gold Standard for drugs in modern cardiovascular (CV) therapy. The cornerstone of RCTs is the recording of hard clinical endpoints instead of ...

Chronic fatigue and major depression (MDD)-like symptoms are common manifestations of multiple sclerosis (MS), both with huge impact on quality of life. Depression can manifest itself as fatigue, and depressive symptoms ...

Background The thymus is a highly specialized organ of the immune system where T cell precursors develop and differentiate into self-tolerant CD4+ or CD8+ T cells. No studies to date have investigated how ...

Background Cognitive impairment (CI) with mixed vascular and neurodegenerative pathologies after stroke is common. The role of amyloid pathology in post-stroke CI is unclear. We hypothesize that amyloid ...

Introduction Out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) carries an 86% mortality rate in Norway. Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is a potential adjunct in management of non-traumatic cardiac ...

Background Focal cartilage defects (FCDs) in the knee joint has a high prevalence. A broad range of treatment options exists for symptomatic patients. Knowledge of patient compensation claims following surgical treatment ...

Objective Fluorescence optical imaging (FOI) demonstrates enhanced microcirculation in finger joints as a sign of inflammation. We wanted to assess the validity and diagnostic performance of FOI measuring synovitis in ...

Treatment of fractures and ligament injuries often involves orthopedic surgery. In ligament reconstructions, firm tendon-to-bone healing is essential for stability. In fracture treatment, nonunion will significantly impair ...

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a rare, genetic disorder that causes abnormal blood vessel development (angiogenesis) in the mucous membranes, skin and internal organs. HHT leads to recurrent episodes of ...

Coronary CT angiography (CCTA) is an established method for ruling out coronary artery stenoses in symptomatic patients with low to intermediate risk for cardiovascular events. Patients with inflammatory joint diseases and ...

Background Concerns have been raised that implants used in total hip replacements (THR) could lead to increased cancer risk. Several different materials, metals and fixation techniques are used in joint ...

Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality is substantially higher in Russia than in neighbouring Norway. We aimed to compare blood pressure- and lipid-lowering medication use and proportion meeting treatment targets ...

Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in burn patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Our primary aim was to review ...

Persistent infection with a high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) type is necessary for cervical cancer development, causing nearly 5% of all cancers worldwide. Nevertheless, only a small fraction of HPV infections progress ...

Background Many studies detect associations between parent behaviour and child symptoms of anxiety and depression. Despite knowledge that anxiety and depression are influenced by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental ...

Background The provision of epidural analgesia during labor is ideally a shared decision between the woman and her health care provider. However, immigrant characteristics such as maternal birthplace could affect decision-making ...

The aim of the thesis was to study the effect and safety of two radioimmunotherapies (RITs), in preclinical models of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). RIT combines antibodies, specifically ...

Neuromuscular disorders, obesity, and chest wall disorders can lead to chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure. Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is used for long-term treatment of these patients. In this thesis, we have shown ...

Background Opioid dependence carries the highest disease burden of all illicit drugs. Opioid agonist therapy (OAT) is an evidence-based medical intervention that reduces morbidity and mortality. There is limited knowledge ...

Background Infliximab (INX) and other tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) have revolutionised the treatment of several immune mediated inflammatory diseases. Still, many patients do not respond sufficiently to therapy ...

Background/aim Drug use and risky driving is associated with sensation seeking. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between use of psychoactive substances and levels of the sensation ...