Background Stroke is a major public health threat globally. Psychosocial well-being may be affected following stroke. Depressive symptoms, anxiety, general psychological distress and social isolation are ...

Background The Cochrane review on the effectiveness of speech and language therapy for aphasia following stroke suggests intensity of therapy is a key predictor for outcome. Current aphasia services cannot ...

Background Depression is associated with immunological responses as reflected by altered levels of circulating cytokines. Alcohol use and trauma may modulate immune activity, and few studies have investigated ...

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a heterogeneous group of tumors that can arise in a wide range of organs. They are characterized by their ability to produce different peptides and neuroamines that can cause distinct ...

Background Polycythemia vera is a myeloproliferative disease that sometimes evolves to myelofibrosis, causing splenomegaly and neutropenia. In this case report, we describe a patient with polycythemia vera ...

Literature that deals with mental health adversities in unaccompanied minor asylum-seekers (UM), is usually based on self-report questionnaires, rarely on clinical interviews. The results indicate high levels of psychological ...

Following publication of the original article [1], one of the authors reported that his name had been spelled incorrectly. It should be Galappaththi-Arachchige, not Galapaththi-Arachchige.

Background Enteroviruses are the most common causative agents of human illness. Enteroviruses have been associated with regional and global epidemics, recently, including with severe disease (Enterovirus ...

The burden of hepatitis C virus (HCV) related liver disease among people who inject drugs (PWID) is increasing. Current highly efficient, simple, and tolerable directacting antiviral (DAA) HCV treatment provides new ...

Sundby and co-workers have in this thesis studied the isolated effects of applying mild negative pressure (-40 mrnHg) to the limb on foot macro- and microcirculation in healthy volunteers, patients with peripheral arterial ...

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in men and women worldwide. Surgical resection is recommended treatment for limited disease of non-small cell lung cancer. Biological factors such as age, body mass index, ...

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common musculoskeletal disorder. During the past decades, the concepts of OA have been forever changed with the application of modern imaging techniques such as ultrasonography. While ...

Data from Swedish health care registries, being nationwide and linkable with other registers by using personal identification number, provides an excellent source for disease insights from various aspects. Paper I showed ...

Background The National Guideline for Assessment, Treatment and Social Rehabilitation of Persons with Concurrent Substance Use and Mental Health Disorders, launched in 2012, is to be implemented in mental ...

Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is assumed to be the major cause of chronic liver disease (CLD) in sub-Saharan Africa. The contribution of other aetiological causes of CLD is less well documented ...

Background Work disability involves large costs to the society as well as to the individual. Work disability is common among people with chronic pain conditions, yet few effective interventions exist. ...

Background Experiencing a stillbirth can be a potent stressor for psychological distress in the subsequent pregnancy and possibly after the subsequent birth. The impact on women’s relationship with her ...

Background Personality is considered as an important aspect in persons with psychotic disorders. Several studies have investigated personality in schizophrenia. However, no study has investigated stability ...

Background Acquired primary chromosomal changes in cancer are sometimes found as sole karyotypic abnormalities. They are specifically associated with particular types of neoplasia, essential in establishing ...

Background Renal angiomyolipomas (AMLs) are a major clinical feature in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Spontaneous bleeding can be life threatening, and appropriate information and proper ...

Background Obesity during adolescence is associated with cardiovascular mortality in adulthood. The adverse obesity-related cardiometabolic risk profile is already observed in adolescence. We aimed to examine ...

Background Parkinson’s disease is a heterogeneous disorder where genetic factors may underlie clinical variability. Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a parasomnia strongly linked to ...

Background Mental disorders often have onset early in life, contribute substantially to the global disease burden, and may interfere with young people’s ability to complete age-relevant tasks in important ...

Background Patients with severe mental illness may be subjected to Community Treatment Orders (CTOs) in order to secure that the patients adhere to treatment. Few studies have investigated the use of CTOs ...

Background Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) allows absolute quantification of nucleic acids and has potential for improved non-invasive detection of DNA methylation. For increased precision of the methylation ...

Helicobacter pylori is an ulcer-causing bacterium that evolutionary needs to adapt quickly to changing conditions. Hilde Synnøve Vollan’s bioinformatics studies revealed that H. pylori outer membrane phospholipase A (OMPLA) ...

Background Although chemo-immunotherapy has led to an improved overall survival for most B-cell lymphoma types, relapsed and refractory disease remains a challenge. The malaria drug artesunate has previously ...

Aims: Data on long-term healthcare costs of patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) is limited, and the aim of this study was to investigate healthcare costs for PAD patients at a nationwide level. Methods and ...

Background Studies have shown that dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) is effective in reducing self-harm in adults and adolescents. Aims ...

Background Knowledge about disease and treatment is necessary before patients can consent to treatment. One of the few established instruments for evaluating whether sufficient information has been provided, ...

Background From the public health perspective, epidemiological data of child mental health and psychosocial correlates were necessary and very lacking in Lithuanian society that has been undergoing rapid ...

Inflammatorisk tarmsykdom (IBD) er betennelsestilstander i tarmen med hovedsakelig ukjent sykdomsårsak, og består av sykdomsgruppene morbus crohn (CD) og ulcerøs kolitt (UC). Medisinsk behandling har som mål å dempe symptomer ...

The purpose of this thesis was to study dizziness-related disability and to investigate the effect of a modified group-based vestibular rehabilitation intervention (VR) in patients with mild-to-moderate traumatic brain ...

Over the last decades, research has gradually increased its focus on patients’ expectations and their potential clinical importance. Most noteworthy, perhaps, is the suggested association between patients’ expectations and ...

Background Experimental active compression-decompression (ACD) CPR is associated with increased haemodynamic outcomes compared to standard mechanical chest compressions. Since no clinically available ...

Background One explanation for the persistence of schizophrenia despite the reduced fertility of patients is that it is a by-product of recent human evolution. This hypothesis is supported by evidence ...

Background The lack of an antidote against factor Xa inhibitors in case of major bleeding or need for urgent surgery is a concern to clinicians. Guidelines on managing major bleeding in patients under ...

Variability in functional outcome after ileal pouch-anal anastomsis is to a large extent unexplained. The aim of the thesis was to investigate postoperative function, and to examine well and poorly functioning patients to ...

Tvangsinnleggelse, tvangsbehandling og tvangsmidler er inngripende tiltak som kan brukes ved alvorlig psykisk lidelse. Likevel samsvarer ikke alltid bruk av tvang med pasientenes opplevelse av å være tvunget. I studien ...

Objective: This study investigated subtype differences in eating disorder-specific impairment in a treatment-seeking sample of individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN). Method: The Clinical Impairment Assessment (CIA) and ...

When an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) occurs, patient outcome can be influenced by bystanders ability to start cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) before ambulance arrival. Recognition of cardiac arrest and provision ...

Paper II: Targeting antigen to Major Histocompatibility Complex II accelerates the germinal center reaction Targeting of antigen to Major Histocompatibility Complex II (MHCII) receptors on APCs increases immunogenicity ...

Shoulder pain is very common, and subacromial pain syndrome is the most common diagnosis. Radial Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (rESWT) is a treatment modality that is frequently used to treat this condition, despite ...

Background Several patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) are available for assessing the outcomes of ankle fracture but few have been compared for recommended measurement properties. This study compares ...

Forebygging av hjerteskade ved cellegift og strålebehandling for tidlig brystkreft Brystkreft er den vanligste kreftformen blant kvinner. Moderne kreftbehandling har bedret overlevelsen, men medisinsk tilleggsbehandling ...

This dissertation concerns some of the possible advantages of totally laparoscopic aortobifemoral bypass surgery in the treatment of aortoiliac occlusive disease, with focus on the postoperative inflammatory reaction, the ...

Background Exposure to traffic-derived particulate matter (PM), such as diesel exhaust particles (DEP), is a leading environmental cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and may contribute to endothelial ...

Background Circulating adiponectin (ADPN) levels are inversely associated with disease severity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), while studies assessing the relationship between ...

People with personality disorders frequently face stigma, ignorance and pessimism regarding the treatability of their disorders. This is despite substantial progress that has been made in developing a number of effective ...

Background Migraine is a common headache disorder that affects mostly women. In half of these, migraine is menstrually associated, and ranges from completely asymptomatic to frequent pain throughout ...

Objective: To identify and classify all clinical decisions that emerged in a sample of patient–physician encounters and compare different categories of decisions across clinical settings and personal characteristics. Design: ...

High quality care relies on interprofessional teamwork. We developed a short simulation-based course for final year medical, nursing and nursing anaesthesia students, using scenarios from emergency medicine. The aim of ...

Acetabular fractures are rare injuries with and annual incidence of around 3 per 100 000 persons. Approximately half of these injuries are treated operatively, posing a great challenge to the treating orthopedic surgeon. ...

Objectives: Preeclampsia is a state of antiangiogenesis, with high levels of maternal circulating sVEGFR-1 (soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1, also named sFlt1) and low levels of PlGF (placenta growth ...

Pasienter med revmatoid artritt (RA) og andre betennelsesaktige leddsykdommer (BLS) har høy risiko for aterosklerotisk hjerte-karsykdom (HKS). Risikoen er sammenlignbar med diabetes og skyldes kronisk betennelse i tillegg ...

Background Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death. While surgical resection remains the foundation for potentially curative treatment, survival benefit is achieved with adjuvant ...

Purpose Standard surgical treatment for symptomatic cervical disc disease has been discectomy and fusion, but the use of arthroplasty, designed to preserve motion, has increased, and most studies report clinical outcome ...

Background: Knowledge about the user’ needs is important to develop targeted rehabilitation for cancer patients with chronic fatigue (CF). The aims of the study were to examine prevalence of CF in cancer survivors attending ...

Background: Previous studies have found significant associations between maternal prenatal and postpartum depression and child behavior problems (CBP). The present study investigates whether associations remain in a ...

Background To study whether thyroid function was associated with risk of hip or knee replacement due to primary osteoarthritis. Methods In a ...

Background Childhood rubella infection is a mild, self-limiting illness. Rubella infection among pregnant women however, is a major public health concern. Depending on gestation age, it may result in fetal ...

Background Inflammatory arthritis (IA), including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA), leads to increased cardiovascular disease occurrence probably due to ...

Background: The quality of working relationships between service users and health providers is fundamental in the processes of recovery in mental health. How Internet-based interventions will influence these relationships ...

Rationale The heterodimer IL-12 is an inducer of Th1 responses and stimulates INFƴ production. Micro-RNA-21 (miR-21) is described as a key regulator of the pro-inflammatory response and has IL-12p35 mRNA as one of its ...

Background Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) constitutes on average 10–15% of dementia in younger persons (≤65 years old), but can also affect older people. These patients demonstrate a decline in social conduct, and/or language ...

Identifying patients at risk of poor outcome after mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) is essential to aid prognostics and treatment. Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) may be the primary pathologic feature of MTBI but is normally ...

Mucosal antigens induce generation of lamina propria plasma cells (PCs) that secrete dimeric immunoglobulin A (IgA) destined for transport across the epithelium. In addition, blood contains monomeric IgA. To study the ...

Background Circulating fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) concentrations have been linked to left ventricular remodeling and unfavorable cardiovascular outcomes, but whether FGF23 is associated with heart failure (HF) ...

Cancer cells can have different patterns of exon usage of individual genes when compared to normal tissue, suggesting that alternative splicing may play a role in shaping the tumor phenotype. The discovery and identification ...

Tumor-associated macrophages may either promote or suppress tumor growth depending on their activation status. Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) has been identified as a key factor for inducing tumoricidal M1 phenotype in macrophages. ...

Objective: In Norway, diagnoses from specialist health care visits, drug prescriptions, and causes of deaths are registered in compulsory health registers. We aimed to determine amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) prevalence ...

Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is a novel approach in drug use epidemiology, which may provide more objective estimates of illicit drug use in a community. Simple summary statistics and specification tests have typically ...

Background People who struggle with mental health problems can provide valuable insight into understanding and improving the coordination of mental health and welfare services. The aims of the study were ...

In the thesis Patient reported outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis – Data from the Oslo rheumatoid arthritis register, Cathrine Austad demonstrates that health status has improved for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) ...

Type 1 diabetes er en livslang kronisk sykdom som kan føre til alvorlige komplikasjoner. Norge er et av landene i verden med høyest forekomst av type 1 diabetes. Hvert år får ca 350 barn i Norge denne diagnosen. I sin ...

This study aims at evaluating the psychometric properties of the antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) criteria in a large sample of patients, most of whom had one or more personality disorders (PD). PD diagnoses were ...

Background The mechanisms behind residual platelet reactivity (RPR) despite aspirin treatment are not established. It has been shown that coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with high on-aspirin RPR ...

Objectives To explore the impact of parental ethnicity on cochlear implantation in children in Norway with regard to incidence rates of cochlear implants (CIs), comorbidies, age at onset of profound deafness (AOD), age at ...

Background Strenuous exercise may trigger myocardial infarction through increased pro-coagulant activity. We aimed to investigate whether patients referred for exercise testing, who were found to have ...

Context Quality of life (QoL) and depression are important patient-reported outcomes in cancer care. However, the relative importance of depression severity in predicting QoL remains unclear because of few methodologically ...

Our increasing understanding of the etiology of celiac disease, previously considered a simple food hypersensitivity disorder caused by an immune response to cereal gluten proteins, challenges established concepts of ...

Background: Thought field therapy (TFT) is used for many psychiatric conditions, but its efficacy has not been sufficiently documented. Hence, there is a need for studies comparing TFT to well-established treatments. This ...

Chronic HIV infection is characterised by a generalised hyperactivation of the immune system, which drives disease progression towards AIDS and increases the risk of non-AIDS morbidity such as cardiovascular disease. This ...

Objective To determine the effectiveness of the Targeted Interdisciplinary Model for Evaluation and Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms (TIME) for treatment of moderate to severe agitation in people with dementia. Methods ...

Genomic locations are represented as coordinates on a specific genome build version, but the build information is frequently missing when coordinates are provided. We show that this information is essential to correctly ...

Background The prevalence of psychotropic drug (PTD) use in NH residents is high, but few have explored prevalence and persistency in PTD in NH residents and factors associated with persistency. This at the ...

Background: Metastases from colorectal cancer are in many cases confined to the liver. Metastases are frequent and in many cases decisive for the prognosis. Recent developments have led to an increasing number of available ...

Background Eating disorders are psychiatric illnesses with potentially life-threatening consequences. Inpatient treatment is typically required for the most severely ill patients, who are often emaciated ...

Background Increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in both HIV infection and type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared to the general population has been described. Little is known about the combined effect of HIV ...

Objective To explore how language barriers influence communication and collaboration between newly-employed international medical doctors and Norwegian health personnel. Methods Interviews were conducted with 16 ...

Objective Cervicogenic headache is a disabling headache where pharmacological management have limited effect. Thus, non-pharmacological management is warranted. Our objective was therefore to investigate ...

Background Effects of return to work (RTW) interventions vary, and more knowledge is needed about the factors that contribute to RTW. This study investigated changes in work participation and mental health, ...