Parasitten Toxoplasma gondii kan forårsake alvorlig fosterskade som fosterdød, hjerneskade og synsnedsettelse dersom en kvinne smittes mens hun er gravid. Er hun smittet før svangerskapet, har hun antistoffer som beskytter ...

Base excision repair (BER) is the primary pathway for repair of oxidative DNA damage caused by various agents including reactive oxygen species. BER is initiated by DNA glycosylases that recognize and remove damaged DNA ...

Personality disorders are defined as enduring and maladaptive patterns of experiencing, coping, and relating to others. In DSM-IV as well as ICD-10, personality disorders may be diagnosed in adolescents when the individual’s ...

Background Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDDs) are clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders thus far associated with mutations in more than 300 genes. The clinical phenotypes derived from distinct genotypes ...

Background Despite its commonality, there is a paucity of literature on miscarriage in non-Western societies. In particular, there is little understanding of how people ascribe cause to miscarriage. This ...

Background The clinical course of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is variable and complement activation may predict prognosis. The present study investigated whether glomerular abundance of complement proteins ...

Background Epidemiological studies have shown that long-term exposure to paracetamol during pregnancy is associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The mechanism by which paracetamol ...

Patients and General Practitioners (GPs) agree that municipal acute wards represent good services for the patients. Patients experience the service as safe, receiving treatment and care from competent nurses and doctors ...

Background Epigenetic information can be used to identify clinically relevant genomic variants single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of functional importance in cancer development. Super-enhancers are ...

Background For an individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis, multiple datasets must be transformed in a consistent format, e.g. using uniform variable names. When large numbers of datasets have to be ...

Background Gender differences in short-term mortality in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have been studied extensively, whereas gender differences in long-term mortality and cause of death largely remain ...

Background There is a lack of comprehensive patient-datasets regarding prevalence of severe hypertriglyceridemia (sHTG; triglycerides ≥10 mmol/L), frequency of co-morbidities, gene mutations, and gene ...

Background Exercise is an important component of a healthy lifestyle, the development of which is a relapse prevention strategy for those with alcohol use disorder. However, it is a challenge to create ...

Background Postal questionnaires are often used to assess the results of nasal septoplasty, but response rates vary widely. This study assesses strategies designed to increase the response rate. ...

Pasienter med revmatoid artritt (RA) og andre betennelsesaktige leddsykdommer (BLS) har høy risiko for aterosklerotisk hjerte-karsykdom (HKS). Risikoen er sammenlignbar med diabetes og skyldes kronisk betennelse i tillegg ...

Background Childhood rubella infection is a mild, self-limiting illness. Rubella infection among pregnant women however, is a major public health concern. Depending on gestation age, it may result in fetal ...

Background To study whether thyroid function was associated with risk of hip or knee replacement due to primary osteoarthritis. Methods In a ...

Background Patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Measures of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) function provide a better risk estimate for future CVD events ...

Background There are several posterior decompression techniques for lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). There is a trend towards performing less invasive surgical procedures, but no multicentre randomized ...

Kardiovaskulær sykdom rammer mange i løpet av livet, og selv om mange overlever den akutte sykdommen, har kardiovaskulær sykdom høy mortalitet og morbiditet også etter debuten. Særlig hjertesvikt er forbundet med mange ...

Background Treatment-limiting decisions (TLD) for severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) have been sparsely studied. This study determine prevalence, main reason for, categories and timing of TLDs in a ...

Background The use of restraints in adolescent psychiatric settings requires particular professional, ethical, and legal considerations. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the number of ...

Background Treatment services to patients with substance use disorders (SUDs), including those mandated to treatment, needs to be evaluated and evidence based. The Norwegian Municipal Health Care Act (NMHCA) ...

Background/objectives: This thesis examines transplant modality and long-term outcomes in type 1 diabetic patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), who may be offered a pancreas and kidney transplant simultaneously ...

Background: Metastases from colorectal cancer are in many cases confined to the liver. Metastases are frequent and in many cases decisive for the prognosis. Recent developments have led to an increasing number of available ...

Background The prevalence of psychotropic drug (PTD) use in NH residents is high, but few have explored prevalence and persistency in PTD in NH residents and factors associated with persistency. This at the ...

In the thesis Patient reported outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis – Data from the Oslo rheumatoid arthritis register, Cathrine Austad demonstrates that health status has improved for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) ...

Type 1 diabetes er en livslang kronisk sykdom som kan føre til alvorlige komplikasjoner. Norge er et av landene i verden med høyest forekomst av type 1 diabetes. Hvert år får ca 350 barn i Norge denne diagnosen. I sin ...

Background Effects of return to work (RTW) interventions vary, and more knowledge is needed about the factors that contribute to RTW. This study investigated changes in work participation and mental health, ...

Background Reducing LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) with statin-based therapy reduces the risk of major atherosclerotic events among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), with no evidence of an excess risk ...

Background Primary infection with Toxoplasma gondii during pregnancy may pose a threat to the fetus. Women infected prior to conception are unlikely to transmit the parasite to the fetus. If maternal serology ...

Objective Cervicogenic headache is a disabling headache where pharmacological management have limited effect. Thus, non-pharmacological management is warranted. Our objective was therefore to investigate ...

Background Eating disorders are psychiatric illnesses with potentially life-threatening consequences. Inpatient treatment is typically required for the most severely ill patients, who are often emaciated ...

Background In high-income countries, the incidence of severe postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) has increased. This has important public health relevance because severe PPH is a leading cause of major maternal ...

Sykdom i de dype samleårer kan føre til utvikling av invalidiserende plager i form av smerter, hevelse, sprengende smerter ved gangen og leggsår. Tilstanden kan forårsakes av gjennomgått blodpropp eller med familiær ...

Background An increasing number of patients are treated with direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs), but the optimal way to reverse the anticoagulant effect is not known. Specific antidotes are not ...

Employment is an important factor in recovery for individuals with schizophrenia. The illness is, however, associated with consistently high unemployment rates. The high unemployment in this group is found to be associated ...

Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in later life, but the mechanism remains unclear. Adipokine imbalance in the presence of metabolic ...

Background A subgroup of patients continue to report pain with walking 12 months after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The association between walking pain and self-rated health (SRH) after TKA is not known. ...

Objective: Late-life depression (LLD) is associated with development of different types of dementia. Identification of LLD patients, who will develop cognitive decline, i.e., the early stage of dementia would help to ...

Death rates from cardiovascular disease (CVD) have decreased dramatically in Norway, and the decline has been attributed equally to changes in risk factors as to better treatments. Despite these changes CVD is still the ...

The aim of this thesis is to deepen scientific knowledge of the interactions among family caregivers, chronically ill persons and health care professionals, with a particular focus on the work of family caregivers. This ...

After kidney transplantation, lifelong treatment with immunosuppressive drugs is needed. Tacrolimus is an essential part of most immunosuppressive regimens that are used today. However, dosing of tacrolimus is a major ...

A hernia located in the anterior abdominal wall can be spontaneous, caused by abdominal surgery or trauma. If treatment seems appropriate, this includes laparoscopic or open surgery and closure of the defect with mesh ...

Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are promising nanomaterials for biomedical applications. However, their inflammatory potential has not been fully established. Here, we used a lepirudin anti-coagulated human whole blood ...

Amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition is one of the hallmarks of the amyloid hypothesis in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Mouse models using APP-transgene overexpression to generate amyloid plaques have shown to model only certain parts ...

Tumours of the central nervous system (CNS) are often a devastating disease in spite of best medical treatment by surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Body height and body fatness are known risk factors for several ...

Background: Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a major pregnancy disorder complicating up to 8% of pregnancies. Increasing evidence indicates a sex-specific interplay between the mother, placenta and fetus. This may lead to different ...

Background: Pentraxin 3 is proposed to be a marker of inflammation and cardiovascular risk, but its role in inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRDs) is still uncertain. Therefore, we wanted to examine if anti-rheumatic ...

Background Few studies have investigated the drug utilization patterns and factors predicting drug use in pregnant women with migraine. This longitudinal drug utilization study aimed to describe patterns ...

Introduction: The promotion of a healthy diet, physical activity and measurement of blood glucose levels are essential components in the care for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Smartphones offer a new way ...

Background and aim: Pressure ulcers (PUs) and malnutrition represent a significant health problem for hospital inpatients. Satisfactory nutritional status is crucial for proper wound healing. Risk of malnutrition can be ...

BACKGROUND: Children between the ages of 5 and 14 appear to have a lower risk of dying than both younger and older individuals. OBJECTIVE: We looked for possible factors influencing the mortality rates of school-age ...

Background: Cohort studies often report findings on children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) but may be biased by self-selection. The representativeness of cohort studies needs to be investigated to ...

Some studies suggest that prenatal infection increases risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). This study was undertaken in a prospective cohort in Norway to examine whether we could find evidence to support an association ...

Background Advances in sequencing technologies and bioinformatics have made the analysis of microbial communities almost routine. Nonetheless, the need remains to improve on the techniques used for gathering ...

In order to decipher the nature of the slowly growing Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tuberculosis) lineage 7, the differentially abundant proteins in strains ofM. tuberculosis lineage 7 and lineage 4 were defined. Comparative ...

Working holds an important role in society and is the considered normal thing to do. While the majority of people with schizophrenia would like to work, employment rates remain consistently low. This discrepancy indicates ...

Background: Whereas the association between social support and psychological distress has been well-established through both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, less is known about whether social support influences ...

Self-efficacy is assumed to promote posttraumatic adaption, and several cross-sectional studies support this notion. However, there is a lack of prospective longitudinal studies to further illuminate the temporal relationship ...

OBJECTIVES: To examine whether using an amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) severity pattern as an entry criterion for therapeutic hypothermia better selects infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and ...

Background: The scale-up of tobacco control, especially after the adoption of the Framework Convention for Tobacco Control, is a major public health success story. Nonetheless, smoking remains a leading risk for early death ...

Background The effective treatment of airway compromise in trauma and non-trauma patients is important. Hypoxia and hypotension are predictors of negative patient outcomes and increased mortality, and may ...

Background The interpretation of the SF-36 in Norwegian populations largely uses normative data from 1996. This study presents data for the general population from 2002–2003 which has been used for comparative ...

Pathologically elevated immune activation and inflammation contribute to HIV disease progression and immunodeficiency, potentially mediated by elevated levels of prostaglandin E2, which suppress HIV-specific T cell responses. ...

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is particularly challenging for the immune system being an intracellular pathogen, and a variety of T cell subpopulations are activated by the host defence mechanism. In this study, we ...

Background: An individualized patient reported outcome (PRO) has recently been recommended within LBP research, but no study has evaluated this instrument with commonly applied PROs. Moreover, the impact of psychological ...

Purpose Opioid dependence is a chronic relapsing disorder. Despite increasing research on quality of life (QOL) in people with opioid dependence, little attention has been paid to the instruments used. This systematic ...

Inflammation plays a central role in the pathology of the neurological condition relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Moreover, it is suggested that the fat-soluble vitamins A, D and E may limit the inflammation ...

Background Colorectal cancer survivors are not only at risk for recurrent disease but also at increased risk of comorbidities such as other cancers, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension and ...

Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are severe mental disorders, characterized by hallucinations, delusions, mood disturbances, and cognitive difficulties. Although these illnesses are divided into separate diagnostic ...

Background Cellular angiofibroma is a rare benign mesenchymal neoplasm with morphological and immunohistochemical similarities to spindle cell lipoma. Karyotypic information on cellular angiofibroma is ...

Background Risk factor control after a coronary event in a recent European multi-centre study was inadequate. Patient selection from academic centres and low participation rate, however, may underscore ...

Background This study examined the outcomes of a vocational rehabilitation program (The Job Management Program, JUMP) for persons with psychotic disorders based on close collaboration between health and ...

Background Overweight and atopic dermatitis (AD) are major health problems in most industrialised countries, but the relationship between overweight and AD in infants and young children is unclear. We ...

The Hearing-in-Noise test (HINT) uses calibrated sentences in background noise to measure the speech reception threshold. The main aim of the thesis was to develop adult and pediatric versions of the HINT in Norwegian, and ...

Background Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease at the clinical and molecular level. In this study we integrate classifications extracted from five different molecular levels in order to identify ...

Background Polypharmacy and inappropriate drug use is associated with negative health outcomes among older people. Various interventions for improving drug treatment have been evaluated, but the majority ...

Background Several reports have shown that postoperative monitoring of general safety and quality issues, including pain treatment, after discharge from recovery is often non-systematic and inadequate. We ...

Background Individuals with bipolar disorder present with moderate impairments in social cognition during the euthymic state. The impairment extends to theory of mind and to the perception of emotion in ...

Background Patients with personality disorders commonly exhibit impairment in psychosocial function that persists over time even with diagnostic remission. Further causal knowledge may help to identify and ...

Background Research has suggested that patient expectations are associated with treatment outcome and evolve along with patient communication within the musculoskeletal field. However, few studies have ...

Background Fulminant meningococcal sepsis, characterized by overwhelming innate immune activation, mostly affects young people and causes high mortality. This study aimed to investigate the effect of ...

Background Strenuous exercise may trigger myocardial infarction through increased pro-coagulant activity. We aimed to investigate whether patients referred for exercise testing, who were found to have ...

Background Knowledge on infant feeding among pregnant women is essential when promoting optimal breastfeeding practices. This study aimed to assess the knowledge of women on optimal breastfeeding during ...