Background The COVID-19 lockdown in March 2020 had a significant consequence for nursing students worldwide including limited access to learning situations in clinical rotation. Therefore, this study aims ...

Background Inappropriate and wasteful use of health care resources is a common problem, constituting 10–34% of health services spending in the western world. Even though diagnostic imaging is vital for ...

Objective Globally, the number of digital health solutions is increasing, but they are not always designed with access and utilisation for people with impairments in mind. Development efforts have often not ...

Background Matching treatment based on tumour molecular characteristics has revolutionized the treatment of some cancers and has given hope to many patients. Although personalized cancer care is an old ...

Background Physical inactivity is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but it is unclear if total and leisure time activity have different impact on the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke. ...

Background Introducing interprofessional education (IPE) in healthcare curricula can prepare students for healthcare practices that have become increasingly complex. The use of simulation is promoted to ...

Background Consistent participation in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening with repeated fecal immunochemical test (FIT) is important for the success of the screening program. We investigated whether lifestyle ...

Symptoms are experienced by most people every day. However, we know less about how symptoms are associated with self-rated health, diagnoses, life-stressors and unexplained conditions. The aims of this thesis were to ...

External inspections constitute a key element of healthcare regulation. Improved quality of care is one of the important goals of inspections but the mechanisms of how inspections might contribute to quality improvement ...

Background Healthcare services that traditionally have been provided in long-term care institutions in Norway are increasingly being delivered at home to a growing population of older people with chronic ...

Colorectal cancer is a major health burden worldwide. Screening for colorectal cancers and surveillance programmes after adenoma removal have been implemented in many countries to decrease the risk of colorectal cancer ...

Drug-related problems are common in nursing homes and medication reviews are measures to improve the quality of medication use. We assessed changes in drug use after multidisciplinary medication reviews and variations in ...

Background Clinical quality registries (CQRs) can likely improve quality in healthcare and research. However, studies indicate that effective use of CQRs is hindered by lack of engagement and interest among ...

Background In an ideal world, everyone would receive medical resources in accordance with their needs. In reality, resources are often scarce and have an alternative use. Thus, we are forced to prioritize. ...

Background This study examined the relationship between service user-rated personal recovery and clinician-rated and service user-rated clinical recovery. The relationships between different subdomains of ...

Background The role of oral beta-lactam antibiotics in treating febrile urinary tract infections (UTI) is not yet definite. Today, fluoroquinolones together with trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (TMP–MTX) are ...

Background Transitional care implies the transfer of patients within or across care settings in a seamless and safe way. For frail, older patients with complex health issues, high-quality transitions are ...

Background Frail older persons with cognitive impairment (CI) are at special risk of experiencing delirium during acute hospitalisation. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a dementia-friendly ...

To ensure a timely diagnosis and individually tailored treatment, advice, support, and services for people with dementia, case-finding and a thorough assessment process is necessary. These assessments should focus on ...

This thesis describes a combined cognitive and vocational intervention aimed at improving work participation after mild-to-moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI). The aims of this thesis were to describe a sample of patients ...

Degenerative meniscal tears represent an early sign of knee osteoarthritis. Arthroscopic partial menis-cectomy has been the usual treatment for symptomatic tears, but studies have shown no additional benefit compared to ...

Background The rates of emergency neurosurgery in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients vary between populations and trauma centers. In planning acute TBI treatment, knowledge about rates and incidence of ...

Objectives The main purpose of this longitudinal study was to elucidate the impact of external job mobility, due to a change of employer, on mental health. ...

Background The overall aim of this study was to explore third-year bachelor nursing students’ stimulated recall reflections on their physical assessment competence development. The choice of learning ...

Background Understanding the impact of the burden of COVID-19 is key to successfully navigating the COVID-19 pandemic. As part of a larger investigation on COVID-19 mortality impact, this study aims to ...

Background Overuse, underuse, and significant variation in the utilisation of radiological services are well documented in the literature. Several radiological examinations are identified as low-value ...

Objective Since 2017, an increasing number of opioid overdoses in Oslo, Norway, has been categorized as involving unspecified opioids, as noted in the patient records by the doctor treating the patient. In ...

This thesis describes characteristics associated with consumption of organic food among pregnant women and the potential impact of organic food consumption on the risk of developing pre-eclampsia in the women, and hypospadias ...

Background Recent studies with data-driven approaches have established common pain trajectories. It is uncertain whether these trajectory patterns are consistent over time, and if a shorter measurement period will provide ...

Migrant women constitute a growing proportion of women giving birth across Europe. Previous research has shown an increased risk of adverse maternal outcomes in sub-groups of migrant women. The aims of the thesis were ...

Background: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a heterogeneous and complex musculoskeletal pain disorder characterised by multiple symptoms. The often unpredictable remission and recurrence of FM symptoms further impair social and ...

Objective: We wanted to identify factors related to dietary behavioural change among impoverished pregnant women in the face of nutrition education and counselling, describing what creates an enabling environment and ...

Background & Aims Celiac disease (CD) is associated with increased mortality, in part due to cancer. Most studies investigating this cancer risk involved patients diagnosed before widespread increases in CD diagnosis ...

Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a financial burden to the healthcare system, patients, their families and society. Rehabilitation interventions with the potential for reducing costs ...

Vaccine development is essential in efforts to avert and respond to emerging epidemics. The dissertation develops and applies a framework for prioritizing investments in vaccine development against emerging infectious ...

Background In many settings, health care service provision has been modified to managing COVID-19 cases, and this has been affecting the provision of maternal and child health services. The aim of this ...

Background: Fall injuries account for a substantial part of the health burden among elderly persons, and they often affect life quality severely and impose large societal costs. Alcohol intoxication is a well-known risk ...

Background Older patients are often users of prolonged Central Nervous System Depressants (CNSD) (Z-hypnotics, benzodiazepines and opioids), which may be associated with reduced cognition. The long-term effects of CNSD ...

Background There is evidence that empathy decreases as medical students go through clinical training. However, there are few in-depth studies investigating the students’ own experiences when trying to ...

Much health communication during the COVID-19 pandemic has been designed to persuade people more than to inform them. For example, messages like “masks save lives” are intended to compel people to wear face masks, not to ...

BAKGRUNN I februar 2021 vedtok Stortinget å avvikle kravet om obligatorisk helseattest for fornyelse av førerkort for bilførere over 80 år. Vedtaket angår eldre bilførere og trafikksikkerhet generelt og fastlegers ...

Background There is little evidence about the relationship between aetiology, illness severity, and clinical course of respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in primary care. Understanding these associations would aid in the ...

Background Taenia solium cysticercosis/taeniasis (TSCT) is reported to be endemic in pig producing areas around the world, causing significant disease burden and economic losses. ...

Background The incidence of heart failure (HF) has declined in Europe during the past two decades. However, incidence estimates from registry-based studies may vary, partly because they depend on retrospective ...

Objective: To evaluate muscle strength changes following partial meniscectomy or exercise therapy for degenerative meniscal tears and the relationship between baseline muscle strength and osteoarthritis progression. Methods: ...

Clinicians, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), contend with limited economic and healthcare resources in deciding appropriate and feasible care for their patients. Some of the LMICs affected by COVID-19 ...

BAKGRUNN: I februar 2021 vedtok Stortinget å avvikle kravet om obligatorisk helseattest for fornyelse av førerkort for bilførere over 80 år. Vedtaket angår eldre bilførere og trafikksikkerhet generelt og fastlegers ...

Objective Several studies have found that Healthcare workers are vulnerable to mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, few studies have made comparisons of healthcare workers (HCWs) and non-HCWs. ...

Background Individuals suffering from schizophrenia have a reduced life expectancy with cardiovascular disease (CVD) as a major contributor. Low educational attainment is associated with schizophrenia, as well as with ...

Kapitlet viser at inspektørenes har varierende oppfatninger av egen funksjon, og også varierende oppfatning om årsakene til brudd på dyrevelferdsloven. Tilsynets formelle rammer muliggjør slik variasjon. Kapitlet bruker ...

Rationale and Aims Precision medicine (PM) raises a key question: How do we know what works when the number of people with a health problem becomes small or one (n = 1)? We here present a formative case from Norway. The ...

Background: Little is known about the association between physical fitness and the risk of injury or illness in ice hockey. The least-fit players may be more prone to injury and illness. Purpose: To examine the association ...

Background The Norwegian Agreement for a More Inclusive Working Life (the IA Agreement) aims to reduce sickness absence (SA) and increase work participation. Potential impacts of the IA Agreement have not ...

Background As moral case deliberations (MCDs) have increasingly been implemented in health care institutions as a form of ethics support, it is relevant to know whether and how MCDs actually contribute to ...

Objectives Horizon scanning methodologies are employed in healthcare to identify and prioritise innovations at the early stages of development processes. To date, horizon scanning has been predominantly applied to early ...

Aim Given the apparent link between gender and ethnicity, and the diversity and career opportunities in nursing, this study examined gender and ethnicity's influence on first-year nursing students' educational motivation ...

Background Despite improvements, studies continue to report unsatisfactory provision of information before, during and after electroconvulsive treatment (ECT). ...

Background Independent medical evaluations are used to evaluate degree and reason for work disability, uncertainty around the functional status, and/or the employee’s rehabilitation potential in several ...

Objective: To assess the cost-effectiveness of a single treatment session of acupuncture, when applied in addition to usual care for acute low back pain (ALBP). Methods: Secondary analysis of a multicentre randomised ...

Background Antibiotic prescribing by physicians in primary care institutions is common and affected by several factors. Diagnosis and treatment of infections in a nursing home (NH) resident is challenging, ...

Background In Norway, municipal acute wards (MAWs) have been implemented in primary healthcare since 2012. The MAWs were intended to offer decentralised acute medical care 24/7 for patients who otherwise ...

Objectives Frailty, a multifaceted geriatric condition, is an emerging global health problem. Integrated care models designed to meet the complex needs of the older people with frailty are required. Early identification ...

How comfortable a read can research that has violence at its core become, before the distance created by language becomes an ethical– and analytical–challenge in its own right? In this article, the author explores and ...

As an international network of historians and social scientists who study approaches to the management of drugs across time and place, we have noticed the effort to redefine addiction as a chronic, relapsing brain disease ...

In this chapter, we discuss the opportunities to address the unmet needs among citizens, healthy individuals, patients and their families and/or significant others, using new technology solutions to support everyday health ...

Background Pediatric acquired brain injury (pABI) is associated with long-term cognitive, behavioral, social, and emotional problems, which may affect the quality of life, school, and family functioning. ...

Background A validated questionnaire to assess medication management of hip fracture patients within and outside the hospital setting was lacking. The study aims were to describe the hip fracture patient ...

Aims: To identify factors perceived by local government employees to affect the implementation of a municipal public health plan. Methods: Qualitative individual interviews ( n=13) were carried out. Participants were ...

The increasing focus on the openness of results and outcomes from health services as well as the quality of care that patients receive has led to increased initiatives for assessing and reporting the quality of health care ...

Background Migrants in Norway bear a higher burden of COVID-19 infections and hospitalization as compared to non-migrants. The aim of our study was to understand how migrants perceive their own health risk, ...

Background To describe ethnic differences in concentrations of lipids and lipoproteins, and their changes, during pregnancy to postpartum. Methods ...

Background Past studies have found associations between obesity and healthcare costs, however, these studies have suffered from bias due to omitted variables, reverse causality, and measurement error. ...

Abstract Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is an efficient treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Reports of long-term usage vary, as do the factors that predict long-term usage. The aim of this study was ...

Abstract Migraine is three times more prevalent in people with bipolar disorder or depression. The relationship between schizophrenia and migraine is less certain although glutamatergic and serotonergic ...

The assumption of patient-regarding physicians has been widely adopted in the health economics literature. Physicians' patient-regarding preferences are often described as the concern for the health benefits of medical ...

Abstract Studies exploring mediators of socioeconomic inequalities in excess weight gain in early-life and subsequent overweight/obesity (OW/OB) among youth are limited. Thus, this study examined the mediating role of ...

Background: Empathy and moral courage are important virtues in nursing and nursing ethics. Hence, it is of great importance that nursing students and nurses develop their ability to empathize and their willingness to ...

The overall aim of this thesis is to explore how real-world evidence can be used to support priority setting and planning in the cancer care. The thesis includes four published papers in which data from Norwegian health ...

Background To optimize colorectal cancer (CRC) screening and surveillance, information regarding the time-dependent risk of advanced adenomas (AA) to develop into CRC is crucial. However, since AA are removed ...

Abstract Objective: Sociodemographic and injury-related predictors for return to work (RTW) after mild-to-moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI) have been extensively explored. However, there is a knowledge gap regarding ...

Abstract Overall progress in life expectancy (LE) depends increasingly on survival in older ages. The birth cohorts now reaching old age have experienced considerable educational expansion, which is a driving force for the ...

Importance Operations for lumbar spinal stenosis is the most often performed surgical procedure in the adult lumbar spine. This study reports the clinical outcome of the 3 most commonly used minimally invasive posterior ...

Background Equal access to healthcare is a core principle in Norway’s public healthcare system. The COVID-19 pandemic challenged healthcare systems in the early phase – in particular, related to testing and hospital ...

In recent years, there has been a growing focus on essential reproductive health commodities, including drugs and supplies for safe motherhood, contraceptives to control fertility and drugs like misoprostol, which has been ...

Introduction Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has a critical global impact, mostly affecting low- and middle-income countries. A major knowledge gap exists in understanding the transmission pathway of the gut colonisation ...

In this paper, we start by comparing the two agents, Ann and Bob, who are involved in two car crashes. Whereas Ann crashes her car through no fault of her own, Bob crashes as a result of reckless driving. Unlike Ann, Bob ...

Objectives The way health literacy is understood (conceptualised) should be closely linked to how it is measured (operationalised). This study aimed to gain insights into how health literacy is defined and measured in ...

Objective To systematically evaluate health literacy (HL) interventions in chronic conditions by exploring theoretical perspectives, intervention content and effectiveness. Method We searched MEDLINE, Cochrane, ...

Purpose Research indicates that re-entering everyday life after completed cancer treatment can be challenging for adolescents, and knowledge about how healthcare professionals prepare them is scarce. This study explored ...

Humans are exposed to ever-increasing number of synthetic chemicals released into the environment. However, safety regulations often lag behind, and only a small fraction of these chemicals are extensively studied for their ...

Background Preterm birth poses short and long-term health consequences for mothers and offspring including cardiovascular disease sequelae. However, studies evaluating preexisting family history of ...

Cerebral palsy (CP) comprises a heterogeneous group of conditions recognized by disturbances of movement and posture and is caused by a non-progressive injury to the developing brain. Birth prevalence of CP is about 2–2.5 ...

Background Introducing welfare technology in home-based palliative care has been suggested to be beneficial for improving access to health care at home and enhancing patients’ feelings of security and safety. ...

Background In childhood cancer care, healthcare professionals must deal with several difficult moral situations in clinical practice. Previous studies show that morally difficult challenges are related to ...

Background Decentralization of healthcare services has been widely utilized, especially in developing countries, to improve the performance of healthcare systems by increasing the access and efficiency of ...