Levende organismer er kontinuerlig utsatt for påvirkninger som kan skade DNA. Dette inkluderer oksidative DNA-skader som oppstår via normal metabolisme i cellene og fra en rekke miljøkjemikalier. Reparasjon av oksidative ...

Organismer som lever i Oslofjordeneksponeres for kjemikalier som kan ha negative effekter. I denne undersøkelsen ble biomarkører for effekter fra eksponering for miljøgifter og kondisjonsindekser nøkkelarten torsk (Gadus ...

Aquatic organisms are exposed to more or less continuous inputs of a wide range of potentially hazardous substances. The sources of the substances could be natural and/ or anthropogenic. This exposure may have deleterious ...

Organochlorines can possibly cause toxic effects in birds. In this thesis, levels and relationships between health parameters, organochlorine contaminants (OCs) and body condition index (BCI) in black-legged kittiwakes and ...

Abstract An in vitro premalignant transformation model was established to investigate molecular changes during early lung carcinogenesis. hTERT/Cdk4-immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs), harboring few ...

5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is formed in the Maillard reaction when reduced sugars are heated in the presence of amino acids or proteins. It can also be formed during direct thermal dehydration of fructose and sucrose, ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate immunomodulating effects of environmental toxicants on cytokine and ROS production in white blood cells. Immunomodulating effects can either be investigated on a healthy immune ...

Svevestøv eller partikulært materiale (PM) er assosiert med helseskader og utvikling og forverring av lungesykdommer som kronisk obstruktiv lungesykdom (KOLS), astma og lungekreft. I dette studiet har vi undersøkt eksponering ...

Dette studiet er gjort for å undersøke cytotoksiske og inflammatoriske effekter av mykotoksinet, enniatin B (EnnB) på makrofager av museopphav (RAW 264.7 celler). EnnB produseres av forskjellige stammer av muggsoppen ...

Abstract Living organisms are usually exposed to combinations of a number of physical and chemical environmental factors in their natural habitats. Pre-exposure to sub lethal doses of a chemical may induce enhanced tolerance ...

Målet med oppgaven var å gi en toksikologisk karakteristikk av de oljer som transportertes langs kysten av EU. Som en del av prosjektet ble juvenil oppdrettstorsk (Gadus morhua) eksponert in vivo for vannløselig fraksjon ...

Drug overdose is a major cause of premature death among heroin users and there has been a call for studies to identify risk factors for fatal overdoses to improve preventive interventions. The majority of heroin related ...

Torsk er en viktig organisme i Norge økonomisk, økologisk og som en matkilde. Atlanterhavstorsk i indre Oslofjord er eksponert for en rekke miljøgifter. Det er derfor viktig å overvåke helsen til torsken. I denne oppgaven ...

Utslipp av nye fremmedstoffer til det akvatiske miljø, som ulike legemidler og personlige pleieprodukter, er økende og er funnet i blant annet avløpsvann fra renseanlegg, kystvann, slam og biota. In vitro toksisitetstester ...

Hovedmålet med denne oppgaven var å analysere ekspresjonen av utvalgte gener i hyse (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) fra forskjellig områder i Nordsjøen og Island. Det har vist seg å bli tilført store mengder av stoffer som kan ...

Humans in industrialized societies are continuously exposed to a plethora of environmental chemicals, of which the long-term consequences are largely unknown. Reduced fertility could be one such undesired consequence, and ...

We show that nitrated-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs) induce cell death in Hepa1c1c7 cells, as measured by fluorescence microscopy. BEAS-2B cells, however did not show any relevant effects. 1.3-DNP induce ...

Abstract Mytilus edulis is one of the most abundant and widely distributed benthic invertebrate species found in the North Atlantic. The aim of this study was to test the applicability of hemocytes from Mytilus edulis for ...

Abstract The sea-surface microlayer is the boundary layer between the water of the oceans and the atmosphere occupying approximately “1000 micrometer” uppermost part of the sea-surface microlayer (SML) (Liss and Duce, ...

Tanzania has had mining on a large scale since 1998. The North Mara Gold Mine is located in Tarime District in the north-western part of Tanzania. Recent studies in the North Mara area have indicated that mining activities ...

The objective of this thesis was to evaluate the toxicity of silver nanoparticles at predicted environmentally relevant concentrations (i.e. 0.01, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/L by mass of nanoparticles). One concentration of silver ...

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistant organic pollutants that bioaccumulate and biomagnify through the food chain. Exposure to ortho-chlorinated PCBs has been associated with effects on the nervous and immune ...

The main aim of this study was to investigate effects of the perfluorinated compounds perfluorooctanesulphonate (PFOS) and perflouorononanoic acid (PFNA) using the human adrenocortical carcinoma cell line – H295R. ...

In the industrial communities of today there is reason for concern for the reproductive health of the male, due to decreasing sperm quality and increased incidences of testicular cancer. Norway and Denmark have the highest ...

Although the persistent pesticide DDT has been banned or restricted since the 1970s, DDT and its metabolites may still pose a hazard to wildlife and humans. There is a growing concern regarding endocrine disruptors and ...

Environmental estrogens are long known to interfere with neurological, reproductive, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal system of human-beings and animals. Chemicals like bisphenol-A and phthalates are just two of many ...

Although the production and use of the insecticide DDT have been restricted or banned since the 1970s, DDT and its metabolites are persistent in the environment and may still pose a hazard of toxic effects in wildlife and ...

Lungekreft er den vanligste formen for kreft på verdensbasis og prognosen for overlevelse er fortsatt dårlig. Den viktigste årsaken for utvikling av lungekreft er sigarettrøyking. Andre risikofaktorer kan være arbeidsmiljø, ...

The aim of the current study was to quantify DNA damage in red blood cells from natural populations of dab (Limanda limanda) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) in relation to chemical exposure in their natural habitat. ...

I denne oppgaven har ulike biomarkører blitt benyttet for å avdekke effekter av miljøgifter på torsk fra Indre Oslofjord. Biomarkørene som ble benyttet var metallotioneinkonsentrasjon i lever, ALA-D-aktivitet i røde ...

I denne studien har vi evaluert og sammenlignet effektene av ulike nitro-polisykliske aromatiske hydrokarboner (nitro-PAH), som er mutagene og karsinogene forbindelser, og finnes på forurensningspartikler fra blant annet ...

Numerous studies have explored the effects of morphine on cognitive function, while knowledge concerning methadone is scarce. This study is the first in line, being part of a newly started project. The aim of this study ...

Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) genet er uttrykt i de fleste vev og koder for et stort tumor supressor protein med mange funksjoner. Mutasjoner i APC er en av de tidligste årsakene til utvikling av både den arvelige typen ...

Sediment in Frierfjord, Southern Norway is polluted by heavy metals, PAH, PCB, dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans. Levels of toxicity in sediment cannot be determined through chemical analyses alone due to biological, ...

Sammendrag Unge menn fra Norge har lavere sædkvalitet og høyere forekomst av testikkelkreft enn for eksempel menn fra Finland. Disse funnene kan være et resultat av endringer i livsstil, kosthold eller miljø. Lavere ...

Exposure to environmental toxicants is a contributing factor to health disorders such as cancer, asthma and allergy. A toxicant which has been studied more in depth the last years is the well known neurotoxicant acrylamide ...

ADHD (Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder) kjennetegnes av manglende oppmerksomhet, impulsivitet og hyperaktivitet. Omlag 80% av forekomsten er genetisk betinget, mens de resterende 20% trolig skyldes miljømessige ...

Opiates have been used for centuries both as recreational drugs and for medical purposes. Opioids are substances that bind opioid receptors that are present throughout the nervous system. These receptors are the primary ...

Ufrivillig barnløshet rammer mange par, og ikke velfungerende spermceller er en vanlig årsak. DNA-skader i spermceller kan føre til redusert mannlig fertilitet, og påvirke utvikling av et befruktet embryo. I denne ...

Disease in the male reproductive system seems to increase in industrialised countries. Examples are increasing rates of poor semen quality, and more cases of testicular cancer, - with Denmark and Norway having the World’s ...

Abstract This study investigates four halogenated substances; three polyfluorinated compounds and one brominated substance. The polyfluorinated compounds, namely 6:2 fluorotelomer alcohol (6:2 FTOH), 8:2 fluorotelomer ...

Discharge from offshore activities to the sea may seriously affect the surrounding environment and cause disturbances in communities and ecosystems close to oil production installations. A major part of the waste released ...

Direkte stimulering av lukteorganet til mort (Rutilus rutilus) med flutamid, linuron, 17 α-ethynylestradiol, 4-nonylfenol og tributyltinnklorid (TBT) førte alle til målbare elektriske responser i form av elektro-olfaktogram ...

The MDM2 protein, a p53 inhibitor, is involved in cell cycle control and apoptosis. MDM2 may promote tumorigenesis when over expressed, amplified or mutated. The expression of MDM2 has been shown to be modified by some ...

Sedimentet i mange norske fjorder er betydelig forurenset, hovedsaklig som følge av menneskelig aktivitet. På bakgrunn av høye verdier av miljøgifter, er det fastsatt kostholdsråd på konsum av lever fra torsk i indre ...

Photosystem II (PSII) inhibitors are ubiquitous in costal areas around the world. Changes in chlorophyll fluorescence have been seen in plants exposed to low concentrations of PSII inhibitors in laboratory experiments. Saw ...

A major concern related to production of oil from offshore installations is the discharge of produced water, which contains organic pollutants like PAHs (Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) and APs (Alkylphenols) as well as ...

Epidemiologiske undersøkelser har funnet en sammenheng mellom eksponering for svevestøv i uteluft og utvikling eller forverring av kroniske lungesykdommer, astma, hjertekarsykdommer og kreft. Betennelsesreaksjoner i lungene ...

Iodinated x-ray contrast media (ICM) are used to improve the visibility of internal structures of the body in an x-ray image due to their ability to attenuate x-rays, providing enhanced contrast between regions of interest ...

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have been widely distributed throughout the world for decades and while the use of some have been phased out, others are still being utilised and their levels are rising in biota. Levels ...

SAMMENDRAG Hovedmålet med denne oppgaven var å studere effekten av å åpne blod-hjerne-barrieren i dyreforsøk eksponert for B[a]P. Primært å se betydning av åpning av blod-hjerne-barrieren på opptak av B[a]P og biotransformasjon ...

NGFI-B (nerve growth factor-inducible clone B) is a nuclear receptor that has been implicated in both cell survival and cell death. In the nucleus, NGFI-B exerts its functions as a transcription factor that promotes survival ...

The release of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) into the environment for many decades has led to a worldwide contamination. The impact of pollutants on ecosystem and human health is an urgent and international issue ...

Fluorinated compounds (PFAS) and tributyltin (TBT) are found in significant amounts in the seas around the world and it is therefore of interest to know whether, and how, they affect coastal ecosystems. Three sediment-dwelling ...

Abstract Perfluorinated alkylated substances (PFAS) are persistent compounds with many uses, for example impregnation of fabrics and leather and as fire-retardants. Recently, it has focused on these compounds, because of ...

Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is known to be exceptionally effective in the treatment of testicular germ cell tumors. The molecular mechanisms underlying the sensitivity of testicular germ cell tumor cell lines to cisplatin ...

Methyl mercury (MeHg), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and some brominated flame retardants (BFR) are all neurotoxic compounds, known to exert their effects through their influence on neurotransmitter transport. Even though ...

Bromerte flammehemmere (BFR) er persistente og hydrofobe kjemikalier som har vist seg å kunne akkumuleres i forskjellige organismer, inkludert mennesker og miljø. Det globale omfanget av disse forurensningene gir grunn til ...

Environmental estrogens may modulate the endocrine system through interactions with sex steroid-binding protein (SBP), and these processes may be a novel mechanism for endocrine disruption. The endogenous hormone 17â-estradiol ...

Within biomonitoring it has been common practice to analyse the concentration of pollutants in organisms. However, focus is shifting towards an approach which combines chemical analyses with measurements of effects in ...

Sammendrag Dyr og mennesker blir eksponert for svært mange stoffer, både gjennom miljøet og føden. Grenseverdier for akseptabel eksponering for disse stoffene blir med få unntak bestemt fra enkeltstoffenes effekter alene, ...

In the studies described in this manuscript, a new cellular model system has been developed and two fluorometric assays have been assessed for their applicability in biomonitoring and in vitro toxicity testing. Echinoderm ...

SAMMENDRAG Heksabromosyklododekan (HBCD) er en bromert flammehemmer, hovedsakelig tilsatt produkter av polystyren og tekstiler. Stoffet kan spres i miljøet under produksjon av produkter som inneholder flammehemmere, samt ...

SUMMARY Mutations in the tumour suppressor gene adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), resulting in truncated APC protein, are important in the development of both sporadic (> 80%) and inherited (familial adenomatous polyposis; ...

Cholinesterase (ChE) activity is a recognised biomarker of organophosphorus (OP) insecticide exposure. It is frequently applied to earthworms in the field of agriculturally linked ecotoxicology, because of the use of OP ...

Norwegian: Ulike epidemiologiske studier har assosiert luftforurensning og dieseleksos med økt risiko for lungekreft. Dieseleksos inneholder en rekke ulike polysykliske aromatiske hydrokarboner (PAH) og nitrosubstituerte-PAH ...

Abstract The common compost earthworm Eisenia fetida was used for toxicity testing of mercury, in a well-characterized agricultural soil obtained from a local field (Ås, Norway). Groups of five or ten clitellate earthworms ...

Due to the use of a great number of existing chemicals and many new being produced, there is a strong need for efficient and cost-effective methods, in order to classify and regulate the use and release of these potential ...

Sediment har gjennom antropogen kontaminering blitt sterkt påvirket og i flere havneområder er det sterkt forurenset. Forurenset havbunn vil påvirke livet som lever i og over den. Finnes det gode alternativer til å teste ...

Denne oppgavens formål var å undersøke om det fantes effekter av miljøgifter på torsk eller skrubbe fra indre Oslofjord. Markører for biologiske effekter, også kalt biomarkører, ble brukt til å identifisere og kvantifisere ...