2024-03-28T21:03:57Z
https://www.duo.uio.no/oai/request
oai:www.duo.uio.no:10852/11374
2017-12-07T13:09:10Z
com_10852_16
com_10852_1
col_10852_20
Environmental enrichment and its effects on telencephalic neurogenesis and behaviour in isolated adult zebrafish, Danio rerio
Von Krogh, Kristine
Göran Nilsson, Øyvind Øverli, Christina Sørensen
zebrafisk Danio rerio nevrogenese beriket miljø atferd isolasjon
VDP::476
Adult neurogenesis has been subject to increasing interest over the past decades. In fish, this ability to create new neurons is impressive compared to most other vertebrate taxa. Several factors are known to influence adult neurogenesis, like environmental enrichment, learning, exercise, stress and aging. In this study, zebrafish were isolated and exposed to two different environments, a barren environment (control group) and an enriched environment (enriched group). The enriched environment was aquaria supplied with gravel and plastic plants, while the barren aquaria were left empty.
Neurogenesis in the zebrafish was determined by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) – immunohistochemistry. After development of a suitable protocol, this method gave staining of a quality that allowed quantification of stained nuclei in the telencephalic tissue. Number of PCNA positive cells per telencephalic volume, response time to distributed food, locomotion activity, cortisol levels and growth rate were measured and compared between the groups. Environmental enrichment led to a strong tendency towards higher neurogenesis, which is in concert with several studies performed of mammals. Also, a significantly higher inter-individual variation in number of new telencephalic cells was observed in the enriched group, indicating that heterogenic environments leads to greater heterogeneity in neurogenesis within a population. Response time to the distributed food was not significantly different between the groups, although the enriched group tended to have longer response time. The control group had significantly higher locomotor activity than the enriched group. In both experimental groups, the effect of time was significant and led to a decrease in both response time and locomotor activity. Whole-body cortisol levels were significantly higher in the enriched group, although this was likely an effect of longer capture time in this environment.
This is the first study to examine environmental enrichment and its effects on neurogenesis and behaviour in zebrafish.
2013-03-12T08:36:11Z
2013-03-12T08:36:11Z
2007
2007-05-21
2007-08-13
Master thesis
Masteroppgave
http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-15400
Von Krogh, Kristine. Environmental enrichment and its effects on telencephalic neurogenesis and behaviour in isolated adult zebrafish, Danio rerio. Masteroppgave, University of Oslo, 2007
http://hdl.handle.net/10852/11374
info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft.au=Von Krogh, Kristine&rft.title=Environmental enrichment and its effects on telencephalic neurogenesis and behaviour in isolated adult zebrafish, Danio rerio&rft.inst=University of Oslo&rft.date=2007&rft.degree=Masteroppgave
URN:NBN:no-15400
60230
071101969
Fulltext https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/11374/2/Master_Krogh.pdf
eng
oai:www.duo.uio.no:10852/11356
2014-12-26T05:09:07Z
com_10852_16
com_10852_1
col_10852_20
Lokalisering av glutamatransportøren EAAC i hippocampus CA1
Kanzler, Anette Cecilie
Göran Nilsson, Niels Christian Danbolt
VDP::476
Glutamat er kvantitativt den dominerende eksitatoriske nevrotransmitteren i sentralnervesystemet (CNS) hos pattedyr, og er sannsynligvis involvert i de fleste aspekter ved normal hjernefunksjon, inkludert hukommelse og læring. Hjernen inneholder store mengder glutamat, men på tross av det og at glutamat hele tiden frisettes, befinner nesten all glutamat seg intracellulært. Dette skyldes at ekstracellulær glutamat raskt blir pumpet inn i cellene ved hjelp av glutamattransportører. Fem subtyper av disse transportørene er til nå blitt identifisert (GLAST, GLT, EAAC, EAAT4 og EAAT5). Når det gjelder lokaliseringen av disse i hjernevev, har man minst informasjon om EAAC og EAAT5. De eneste kvantitative elektronmikroskopiske data på distribusjonen av EAAC i hjernevev (He et al., 2000) er fra hippocampusregionen CA1 (stratum radiatum) og er usikre fordi merkingen i vevet var svak. I henhold til dette studiet er den høyeste tettheten av EAAC ved siden av de postsynaptiske fortetningene (PSD). Aud Skår fra vår gruppe (upublisert, hovedfagsoppgave 2002) studerte EAAC i hippocampusregionen CA3 (stratum radiatum og stratum lucidum) og fant at hovedmengden av merkingen var i PSD. Målet med denne oppgaven, var å finne ut om forskjellene i PSD-merking skyldes forskjeller mellom ulike subregioner av hippocampus eller om det hadde andre årsaker. Vev fra CA1 regionen ble undersøkt med alle tilgjengelige antistoffer mot EAAC, og alle antistoffene gav PSD-merking. Antistoffer mot GLAST og GLT ble brukt som kontroller, og gav ingen PSD-merking. Det gjorde heller ikke antistoff fra preimmunserum. Hjernevev fra genmodifiserte mus som manglet EAAC (KO-mus), villtype mus (WT-mus) og Wistar rotter ble løst opp i SDS, separert ved elektroforese i geler laget med 10 % akrylamid og immunblottet. Antistoffene virket spesifikke for EAAC. Imidlertidig gav antistoffene merking på fiksert vev fra hippocampus og striatum fra KO-musene. Elektronmikroskopisk analyse viste at merkingsmønsteret var det samme. Elektroforese i 10 – 20 % gradientgeler viste at antistoffene kryssreagerte med to små molekyler (ca 10 – 15 kDa) som ikke var synlig på de første immunblottene. Det ble også gjort forsøk på å få indirekte informasjon om distribueringen til EAAC ved å se på distribueringen til et EAAC-bindende forankringsprotein, GTRAP3-18. Dette krevde tilgang til anti-GTRAP3-18 antistoffer som verken vi eller andre grupper til nå har klart å fremskaffe. Konklusjon: Forskjellene mellom funnene til He og medarbeidere (2000) og Aud Skår skyldes antagelig antistoffene, men dette studiet kan verken bekrefte eller avkrefte konklusjonene til He og medarbeidere, og er en demonstrasjon på hvor vanskelig det er å bli sikker på hva antistoffene faktisk merker i fiksert vev.
2013-03-12T08:36:15Z
2013-03-12T08:36:15Z
2004
2005-01-14
2005-01-21
Master thesis
Hovedoppgave
http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-10139
Kanzler, Anette Cecilie. Lokalisering av glutamatransportøren EAAC i hippocampus CA1. Hovedoppgave, University of Oslo, 2004
http://hdl.handle.net/10852/11356
info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft.au=Kanzler, Anette Cecilie&rft.title=Lokalisering av glutamatransportøren EAAC i hippocampus CA1&rft.inst=University of Oslo&rft.date=2004&rft.degree=Hovedoppgave
URN:NBN:no-10139
23937
050113801
Fulltext https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/11356/1/Oppgx11x_22-Oktober-04.pdf
nob
oai:www.duo.uio.no:10852/11405
2017-12-07T13:09:09Z
com_10852_16
com_10852_1
col_10852_20
A role of MRF4 and Myf-5 in regulation of adult muscle fiber type?
Vefferstad, Anette
Kristian Gundersen
VDP::473
The myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) are a group of muscle specific transcription factors important during determination and differentiation of muscle fibers. In adult muscle two of the members, MyoD and myogenin, are expressed preferentially in fast and slow muscles, respectively, and have been suggested to play a role in fiber type specific gene regulation. Overexpression of MyoD in the slow soleus muscle has been shown to cause a shift towards a faster phenotype, while overexpression of myogenin in the fast extensor digitorum longus (EDL) causes an increase in oxidative capacity. Less is known about the two last members of this family, MRF4 and Myf-5. In adult muscle MRF4 is expressed at very high levels and Myf-5 at very low levels, but their function is unknown.
The expression of MRF4 has only been investigated at the transcript level, so we wanted to map the normal expression of MRF4 protein. In order to investigate whether MRF4 and Myf-5 play a role in regulation of fiber type specific genes, we wanted to knock down the expression of MRF4 and to overexpress Myf-5 in muscles of adult rats.
Mapping of MRF4 protein expression showed that there was a significantly higher expression level in the slow soleus compared to the faster muscles. For the knockdown study, six siRNA was tested in cell culture, but since none of them gave a measurable knockdown, further studies in vivo were abolished. Overexpression of Myf-5 in the fast EDL resulted in an increase of 2b fibers, indicating that Myf-5 activates expression of MyHC 2b.
2013-03-12T08:37:36Z
2013-03-12T08:37:36Z
2010
2010-09-22
2011-03-28
Master thesis
Masteroppgave
http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-26184
Vefferstad, Anette. A role of MRF4 and Myf-5 in regulation of adult muscle fiber type?. Masteroppgave, University of Oslo, 2010
http://hdl.handle.net/10852/11405
info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft.au=Vefferstad, Anette&rft.title=A role of MRF4 and Myf-5 in regulation of adult muscle fiber type?&rft.inst=University of Oslo&rft.date=2010&rft.degree=Masteroppgave
URN:NBN:no-26184
105690
11211735x
Fulltext https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/11405/2/AnettexVefferstadxmasteroppgave.pdf
eng
oai:www.duo.uio.no:10852/11419
2014-12-26T05:00:18Z
com_10852_16
com_10852_1
col_10852_20
Effects of SMPX on skeletal muscle in adult mice
Hansen, Einar Holm
Professor Kristian Gundersen, Dr. Jo C. Bruusgaard
VDP::473
Mechanical factors are important in the regulation of muscle phenotype. Adaptation of structural and mechanical proteins to withstand increased load and cope with increased work is needed in a muscle exposed to mechanical stimuli such as stretch.
Small muscle protein X-chromosome (SMPX) is a protein upregulated in stretched skeletal muscle, and could therefore work as a structural protein, a signalling factor in a mechanotransduction pathway, or a combination of both.
In my project I have studied the in vivo and ex vivo localization of SMPX in skeletal muscle, as well as effects of overexpressing SMPX in the fast-twitch muscle extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and the slow twitch muscle soleus in adult mice.
Overexpression of SMPX for 14 days gave no significant changes in fibre type distribution or cross sectional area in EDL. In soleus the results were variable, but there was a shift towards a faster fibre type and a less pronounced increase in cross sectional area.
Our expriments do not support the idea that SMPX works as a major regulatory protein or a signalling molecule related to force transduction in the I-band. If it serves as a regulatory protein, our results show that this could be true for soleus, but not for EDL.
2013-03-12T08:37:38Z
2013-03-12T08:37:38Z
2009
2009-07-08
2009-08-04
Master thesis
Masteroppgave
http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-22629
Hansen, Einar Holm. Effects of SMPX on skeletal muscle in adult mice. Masteroppgave, University of Oslo, 2009
http://hdl.handle.net/10852/11419
info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft.au=Hansen, Einar Holm&rft.title=Effects of SMPX on skeletal muscle in adult mice&rft.inst=University of Oslo&rft.date=2009&rft.degree=Masteroppgave
URN:NBN:no-22629
93476
Fulltext https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/11419/1/ThexrolexofxSmpxxinxskeletalxmuscle.pdf
eng
oai:www.duo.uio.no:10852/11418
2014-12-26T05:03:20Z
com_10852_16
com_10852_1
col_10852_20
Crucian carp heart performance during anoxia and acidosis
Larsen, Bent Collert
Göran Nilsson og Jonathan Stecyk
karuss hjerte isolert anoksi asidose
VDP::473
Karuss (Carassius carassius L.) innehar den unike evnen blandt vertebrater å opprettholde hjerte kapasiteten på normoksisk nivå under langvarig eksponering til anoxia. Denne master oppgaven undersøker hypotesen om at dette fenomenet er mulig på grunnet at dette hjertet muligens aldrig utsettes for en ekstraellulær pH under 7.4 som tilskrives fiskens eksklusive egenskap til å konvertere laktat og H+ ioner til etanol. Prestasjonen til isolerte spontant kontraherende hjerte preparasjoner fra karuss ble målt under exponering til 100 min av anoxia ved pH 7.8 og gradert acidose (mellom pH 7.8 og 7.0) under både normoksiske og anoksiske forhold ved 6.5 grader. Som forventet avdekket resultatet at karuss hjertets prestasjon under anoksia påvirkes ved redusert pH under normalt nivået anoksisk nivå over 7.4. I tillegg ble disse isolerte hjertenes evne til å tilfriskne etter 40 min anoxisk eksponering under ulike pH (7.8, 7.4 og 7.0) undersøkt i både karuss og i anoksisk intolerante koi karper (Cyprinus carpio L.) De sistnevnte hjerter viste seg å være irreversibelt ødelagte av anoksisk eksponering til tross for at hjerteprestasjonen utviste en lignende anoksisk depresjon som karuss hjerter. Karuss hjerte har åpenbart en medfødt evne til å tolerere anoksia, hvilket koi karpe hjertet mangler, en evne som mest sannsynlig reflekterer det at karuss er evolvert til å tåle langtids eksponering til anoksia støttet av sin evne til å produsere etanol.
The crucian carp (Carassius carassius L.) exhibits the unique ability among vertebrates to maintain cardiac performance at normoxic levels during prolonged anoxia exposure. This thesis investigates the hypothesis that this phenomenon is possible because the heart likely never experiences an extracellular pH below 7.4 due to the fish’s exclusive trait of converting lactate and H+ ions to ethanol. Performance of isolated spontaneous beating heart preparations from crucian carp was measured during exposure to 100 min of anoxia at pH 7.8 and graded acidosis (between pH 7.8 and 7.0) under both normoxia and anoxia at 6.50C. As expected, the results revealed that anoxic performance of the crucian carp heart is severely affected by a fall in pH below the normal anoxic level of 7.4. This suggests that in nature, heart performance may not be able to meet the needs of the body if blood pH is not maintained above 7.4. Additionally, the ability for these isolated hearts to recover from 40 min anoxia exposure at different pH (7.8, 7.4 and 7.0) was investigated in both crucian carp and in anoxia-intolerant koi carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). The latter hearts appeared irreversibly damaged by anoxia exposure despite showing a similar anoxic depression of cardiac performance as crucian carp hearts. Thus, the crucian carp heart has apparently an innate ability to tolerate anoxia, which the koi-carp hearts lacks, an ability that most likely reflect that the crucian carp has evolved to tolerate long-term anoxia supported by ethanol production.
2013-03-12T08:37:39Z
2013-03-12T08:37:39Z
2009
2009-01-21
2009-03-31
Master thesis
Masteroppgave
http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-21293
Larsen, Bent Collert. Crucian carp heart performance during anoxia and acidosis. Masteroppgave, University of Oslo, 2009
http://hdl.handle.net/10852/11418
info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft.au=Larsen, Bent Collert&rft.title=Crucian carp heart performance during anoxia and acidosis&rft.inst=University of Oslo&rft.date=2009&rft.degree=Masteroppgave
URN:NBN:no-21293
88792
09189493x
Fulltext https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/11418/1/Crucianxcarpxheartxperformancexduringxanoxiaxandxacidosisx-xMasterxoppgavexavxBentxCxLarsen.pdf
eng
oai:www.duo.uio.no:10852/11410
2014-12-26T05:03:20Z
com_10852_16
com_10852_1
col_10852_20
Altered expression of monocarboxylate and glucose transporters in an animal model of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) : An investigation of the Energy Deficiency Hypothesis of ADHD
Hefte, Marita Brandsar
Linda Hildegard Bergersen, Tirill Medin (IMB)
VDP::473
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is an early-onset and highly heritable human psychiatric disorder with negative adult outcomes. ADHD affects about 2 to 5 % of all children, mainly boys. The clinical symptoms are heterogenous with problems of sustained attention, overactivity and impulsiveness, yielding three subtypes of ADHD; the predominantly inattentive (ADHD-PI), the hyperactive-impulsive (ADHD-HI) and the combined (ADHD-C) subtype, the most common subtype and the target of investigations in this study. ADHD is diagnosed by only behavioural criteria, and no biological marker is found although a hypofunctioning catecholamine system is seen. The energy deficiency hypothesis of ADHD proposes an explanation of the ADHD-C symptoms as caused by slowed neuronal firing resulting from a deficiency in the astrocytes producing and releasing the lactate to fuel the neurons. The result is an energy deficiency in the neurons in the brain of the patients. However, the reason for this energy deficiency is not yet known, and this hypothesis is therefore the target of investigation of this study, performed on the animal ADHD-model; SHR/NCrl.
Lactate is transported through membranes with a proton-coupled mechanism through monocarboxylate transporters, MCTs. We hypothesized that in ADHD-C, the overactivity of the patients is a compensatory mechanism to be able to introduce more blood lactate to the brain through MCT1, situated in the blood brain barrier, to elevate lactate levels so lactate could be transported into neurons by the neuronal monocarboxylate transporter MCT2. Before birth and under lactation our neurons are fuelled with monocarboxylates such as lactate, and post weaning our brain shifts the preference for monocarboxylates to glucose as the main energy substrate fuelling the brain.
In this study we investigated this hypothesis in different brain areas. We found that the lactate transporter MCT1 was upregulated in hilus of DG in the hippocampus, the transporter GLUT1 was upregulated in the prefrontal cortex (although decreased in the other areas), and that the transporter MCT2 was upregulated in stratum lucidum of hippocampus, and downregulated in the striatum, prefrontal cortex and cerebellum. Generally, this is interpreted as that the SHR are having an energy deficiency caused by a prolonged neuronal preference for direct blood lactate fuelling, and not indirect astrocytic lactate import through MCT2. Future studies will reveal if MCT4 is also downregulated, as predicted by this interpretation.
2013-03-12T08:37:41Z
2012
2012-02-21
2012-06-10
10000-01-01
Master thesis
Masteroppgave
http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-30629
Hefte, Marita Brandsar. Altered expression of monocarboxylate and glucose transporters in an animal model of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Masteroppgave, University of Oslo, 2012
http://hdl.handle.net/10852/11410
info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft.au=Hefte, Marita Brandsar&rft.title=Altered expression of monocarboxylate and glucose transporters in an animal model of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)&rft.inst=University of Oslo&rft.date=2012&rft.degree=Masteroppgave
URN:NBN:no-30629
151755
120372541
Fulltext https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/11410/1/MasteroppgavexMaritaxHefte.pdf
eng
Dette dokumentet er ikke elektronisk tilgjengelig etter ønske fra forfatter. Tilgangskode/Access code A
forever
closedaccess
oai:www.duo.uio.no:10852/11412
2014-12-26T05:00:18Z
com_10852_16
com_10852_1
col_10852_20
Regulation of adult muscle phenotype by PPARdelta
Lunde, Ida Gjervold
Kristian Gundersen
skjelettmuskulatur regulering voksne fenotype PPARdelta muskelplastisitet eksitasjon-transkripsjonskopling
VDP::473
A unique characteristic of skeletal muscle is its diversity, reflected in the fibre type composition of muscles and in the heterogeneity of different fibre types. Mammalian skeletal muscle has a remarkable capacity to accommodate to new functional demands, and a high degree of molecular variability is involved in the phenotypic determination of fibre structure, metabolism and contractility. Although this adaptive potential is well established, the signalling pathways linking muscle activity to expression of muscle specific genes, the excitation-transcription coupling, is poorly understood.
This work presents peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ä (PPARä) as a possible mediator in the signalling network regulating metabolic and contractile properties of adult skeletal muscle fibres.
PPARs are fatty acid activated transcription factors playing important regulatory roles in development and metabolism. PPARä is known to regulate â-oxidation of fatty acids in muscle and adipose tissue, but has recently also been implicated in the excitation-transcription coupling by studies in transgenic animals. The aim of this work was to investigate wild type expression patterns of PPARä and effects of an active PPARä in skeletal muscles of adult rats, in order to elucidate a possible role for PPARä in adult muscle adaptation.
In this gain-of-function study, a transgene encoding an intrinsically active fusion protein of a VP16 activation domain and PPARä (VP16-PPARä) was transfected into the “fast” extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle of rat by in vivo electroporation. Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, cross sectional area (CSA) and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) fibre type distribution among the transfected fibres were analysed, and compared to sham transfected and normal controls. In the second part of this study, expression patterns of the wild type PPARä protein were analysed by immunohistochemistry in normal, untreated soleus and EDL muscles.
Overexpression of an active PPARä in EDL muscle fibres of adult rats resulted in reductions of CSAs and increased SDH activity levels, followed by changes in MyHC expression in slow direction. Immunohistochemical data from normal muscles indicated higher levels of PPARä in nuclei of slow/oxidative fibres than in fast/glycolytic fibres, which had higher cytosolic levels. These results support the hypothesis of a role for PPARä in maintaining and transforming muscle fibres in the slow/oxidative direction, for example during endurance training, but also indicate nuclear translocation as a new level of regulation.
2013-03-12T08:37:42Z
2013-03-12T08:37:42Z
2006
2006-08-15
2006-12-15
Master thesis
Masteroppgave
http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-13890
Lunde, Ida Gjervold. Regulation of adult muscle phenotype by PPARdelta. Masteroppgave, University of Oslo, 2006
http://hdl.handle.net/10852/11412
info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft.au=Lunde, Ida Gjervold&rft.title=Regulation of adult muscle phenotype by PPARdelta&rft.inst=University of Oslo&rft.date=2006&rft.degree=Masteroppgave
URN:NBN:no-13890
43327
06200543x
Fulltext https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/11412/1/IGLunde_2006.pdf
eng
oai:www.duo.uio.no:10852/11407
2014-12-26T05:00:18Z
com_10852_16
com_10852_1
col_10852_20
The effects of VEGF on skeletal muscle phenotype in adult rats.
Høimyr, Helene
Kristian Gundersen
VDP::473
The effects of VEGF on skeletal muscle phenotype in adult rats.
Skeletal muscle has an exceptional ability to adapt to different usage. Phenotype transformation is mainly dependent on the changes of firing pattern from motor neurones, but the exact signalling pathways are still not established.
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an important secreted mitogen controlling several pathways that regulate processes such as embryonic vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, vascular permeability, cell migration and survival. Up-regulation of VEGF is seen in both tumour growth and hypertrophy in heart muscle, and it has been suggested that VEGF could contribute to the hypertrophy of the cardiomyocytes. The aim of this study is to investigate whether VEGF has a similar effect on skeletal muscle cells.
I have over-expressed the isoform VEGF-A in the fast skeletal muscle extensor digtorum longus (EDL) in adult male Wistar rats. The over-expression was performed by somatic gene transfer, by electroporation. The effects on fibre type, capillarization, fibre cross sectional area and oxidative capacity were studied and analysed on serial of muscle sections.
After fourteen days of VEGF over-expression, no change in fibre type distribution was observed as judged by immunohistochemistry. Histochemical analyses showed a significant increase in the number of capillaries around 2x and 2b by 9.5 % and 30.7 %, no change was observed in 2a fibres, but these already have a high number of capillaries. The cross sectional area of 2a and 2b fibres was significant increased by 12.4 % and 9.4 % respectively. Measurements of oxidative capacity by histochemical analyses indicate a significant increase in all fibre types, 2a, 2x and 2b, with a percent increase of 6.9 %, 13.0 % and 14.9 % respectively. All data are compared to normal and sham control fibres.
Our data suggest that VEGF might not only influence capillarization, but also act back on the muscle fibres themselves as to induce hypertrophy and increased oxidative capacity.
2013-03-12T08:37:42Z
2010
2010-12-04
2011-03-28
10000-01-01
Master thesis
Masteroppgave
http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-26882
Høimyr, Helene. The effects of VEGF on skeletal muscle phenotype in adult rats.. Masteroppgave, University of Oslo, 2010
http://hdl.handle.net/10852/11407
info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft.au=Høimyr, Helene&rft.title=The effects of VEGF on skeletal muscle phenotype in adult rats.&rft.inst=University of Oslo&rft.date=2010&rft.degree=Masteroppgave
URN:NBN:no-26882
109315
111650348
Fulltext https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/11407/1/ThexeffectsxofxVEGFxonxskeletalxmusclexphenotypexinxadultxrats.xHelenexHximyr.pdf
eng
Dette dokumentet er ikke elektronisk tilgjengelig etter ønske fra forfatter. Tilgangskode/Access code A
forever
closedaccess
oai:www.duo.uio.no:10852/11417
2017-12-07T13:09:09Z
com_10852_16
com_10852_1
col_10852_20
Det antimikrobielle peptidet Plantaricin A permeabiliserer lever- og nyreceller
Andersland, Kristin
Johansen, Guro Five
Trude M. Haug og Olav Sand
antimikrobielle peptider nikrofluorometri bakteriosin kreft antibiotika
VDP::473
Antimicrobial peptides are produced by nearly all organisms. Certain antimicrobial
peptides from multicellular animals also kill a variety of tumour cells at concentrations not
affecting normal eukaryotic cells. Recently, it was reported that also Plantaricin A (PlnA),
which is a peptide with antibacterial activity produced by Lactobacillus plantarum, may kill
eucaryotic cells. It was shown that PlnA permeabilizes cancerous rat pituitary cells (GH4
cells), whereas normal rat anterior pituitary cells are resistant to the peptide. The same study
also showed that exposure of PlnA to the inside of the membrane, did not lead to
permeabilization.
This thesis involved three tasks. The first was to examine whether PlnA differentiates
between various normal cells, and the second task was to elucidate if the membrane
permeabilizing effect of PlnA is restricted to cancerous cells. An examination of the
permeabilizing effect of PlnA on the outer and inner membrane leaflets was the final task. In
order to examine these questions, we have studied primary cultures of rat liver cells
(hepatocytes, endothelial- and Kupffer cells), primary culture of rat kidney cells and two
epithelial cell lines of primate kidney origin (Vero cells from green monkey and human
CAKI-2 cells). The Vero cell line is derived from normal cells, whereas the CAKI-2 cell line
is derived from a cancerous tumour. The membrane effects were studied by means of patch
clamp recordings and microfluorometric (fura-2) monitoring of the cytosolic concentrations
of Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) and fluorochrome.
In all of the cells an exposure to 100 500 μM PlnA induced a nearly instant
permeabilization of the membrane, indicated by the following criteria: increased membrane
conductance, membrane depolarization, increased [Ca2+]i, and diffusional loss of
fluorochrome from the cytosol. When exposed to 100 μM PlnA, none of the inside-out
patches from Vero cells were permeabilized. On the contrary, more than 80 % of the outsideout
patches were permeabilized at 10 μM PlnA. We thus conclude that the permeabilizing
effect of PlnA is not restricted to neither of the normal tested cell types nor the cancerous
cells, and that PlnA differentiate between the inner and outer membrane leaflet.
2013-03-12T08:37:43Z
2009
2009-01-07
2009-03-31
10000-01-01
Master thesis
Masteroppgave
http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-21291
Andersland, Kristin, Johansen, Guro Five, . Det antimikrobielle peptidet Plantaricin A permeabiliserer lever- og nyreceller. Masteroppgave, University of Oslo, 2009
http://hdl.handle.net/10852/11417
info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft.au=Andersland, Kristin&rft.au=Johansen, Guro Five&rft.title=Det antimikrobielle peptidet Plantaricin A permeabiliserer lever- og nyreceller&rft.inst=University of Oslo&rft.date=2009&rft.degree=Masteroppgave
URN:NBN:no-21291
88471
082929076
Fulltext https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/11417/1/Oppgaven_Kristin_og_Guro14.pdf
nob
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oai:www.duo.uio.no:10852/11404
2014-12-26T05:00:19Z
com_10852_16
com_10852_1
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Anatomiske og fysiologiske egenskaper ved den interbulbære forbindelsen i luktesystemet hos karuss, Carassius carassius
Heikkinen, Linn Isabelle
Kjell B. Døving
lukt luktesansmitralceller
VDP::473
Den interbulbære forbindelsen mellom de to luktelappene er en nerveforbindelse vi ikke vet så mye om. Anatomiske studier allerede på slutten av 1800-tallet viste at det finnes nevroner som projiserer mellom de to luktelappene - en commisura interbulbaris. Gjennom historien er denne nerveprojeksjonen dokumentert flere ganger i forbindelse med studier av andre anatomiske og/eller fysiologiske aspekter ved luktesystemet. Dens funksjon er imidlertid ikke kjent. Det har ved flere tilfeller vært diskutert hvorvidt forbindelsen går direkte, eller om den har synapser. Med denne
oppgaven ønsker vi å bidra til forståelsen av anatomien og funksjonen til den interbulbære forbindelsen i luktesystemet.
En karpefisk, karuss, ble brukt som modellsystem. Ved hjelp av
sporingsstoffer har vi fulgt projeksjonen av nevroner mellom de to luktelappene. Ekstracellulære registreringer ble gjort for å se hvordan luktstimuli applisert på henholdsvis det ipsilaterale og det kontralaterale sanseepitelet påvirket den nervøse aktiviteten i sekundære nevroner i luktelappen.
De anatomiske funnene viste at det i luktesystemet hos karuss finnes en interbulbær forbindelse høyst sannsynlig uten synapse. Resultatene fra de elektrofysiologiske forsøkene viste at de sekundære nevronene i luktelappen ble påvirket ved kjemisk stimulering av det kontralaterale lukteepitelet. For samtlige luktstimuli benyttet ved kontralateral stimulering ble det funnet enheter som svarte med økt aktivitet. Duplikasjon av registreringer viste at rekkefølgen av stimuli ikke hadde noen betydning for om enhetene svarte på et stimulus eller ikke. Vi fant ingen korrelasjon
mellom spesifisiteten i respons på ipsilateral og kontralateral stimulering. Det ble heller ikke funnet noen kjemotopisk inndeling av områder som svarte på kontralateral stimulering slik det tidligere er funnet ved ipsilateral stimulering.
2013-03-12T08:37:44Z
2013-03-12T08:37:44Z
2010
2010-06-23
2010-07-08
Master thesis
Masteroppgave
http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-25055
Heikkinen, Linn Isabelle. Anatomiske og fysiologiske egenskaper ved den interbulbære forbindelsen i luktesystemet hos karuss, Carassius carassius . Masteroppgave, University of Oslo, 2010
http://hdl.handle.net/10852/11404
info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft.au=Heikkinen, Linn Isabelle&rft.title=Anatomiske og fysiologiske egenskaper ved den interbulbære forbindelsen i luktesystemet hos karuss, Carassius carassius &rft.inst=University of Oslo&rft.date=2010&rft.degree=Masteroppgave
URN:NBN:no-25055
103868
10152322x
Fulltext https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/11404/1/Masteroppgave_Linn_Isabelle_Heikkinen.pdf
nob
oai:www.duo.uio.no:10852/11421
2017-12-07T13:09:09Z
com_10852_16
com_10852_1
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Distribution of glucose uptake in hypoxic crucian carp tissues
Grøneng, Line Cecilie
Göran E. Nilsson, Marit J. Bakke
metabolisme glukose hypoksi karuss
VDP::473
Glucose metabolism in crucian carp exposed to 3 days of hypoxia was studied using 14C-2-deoxyglucose (14C-DG) as a tracer. Four brain areas were investigated by autoradiography; telencephalon, optic tectum, cerebellum and the vagal lobes. In addition seven tissues were investigated by scintillation counting. No significant effects of hypoxia were observed in the brain areas studied with autoradiography. Scintillation counting revealed that hypoxia increased the uptake of 14C-DG in the brain as a whole, as well as in the heart and red muscle, while no changes were observed in gills, liver, intestine and white muscle. The results indicate a higher glucose demand in brain, heart and red muscle under hypoxic conditions, suggesting that these tissues maintain a relatively high activity in hypoxia and have to increase their glycolytic activity to compensate for reduced oxidative ATP production. Other tissues may primarily rely on metabolic depression to compensate for the hypoxia-induced fall in oxidative phosphorylation.
2013-03-12T08:37:45Z
2009
2009-11-04
2009-11-17
10000-01-01
Master thesis
Masteroppgave
http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-23433
Grøneng, Line Cecilie. Distribution of glucose uptake in hypoxic crucian carp tissues. Masteroppgave, University of Oslo, 2009
http://hdl.handle.net/10852/11421
info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft.au=Grøneng, Line Cecilie&rft.title=Distribution of glucose uptake in hypoxic crucian carp tissues&rft.inst=University of Oslo&rft.date=2009&rft.degree=Masteroppgave
URN:NBN:no-23433
96351
093396120
Fulltext https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/11421/1/Msc-thesisxxL.C.Grxneng.pdf
nob
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forever
closedaccess
oai:www.duo.uio.no:10852/11414
2017-12-07T13:09:09Z
com_10852_16
com_10852_1
col_10852_20
Signalsystemer knyttet til TSH- og svellingstimulert taurineffluks i rottetyrocytter (FRTL-5-celler)
Zahid, Rabia
Kjell Fugelli
taurin volumregulering celler ATP
VDP::473
Sammendrag
Taurin er den vanligste organiske osmolytten i de fleste dyrearter som er engasjert i volumregulering av celler. Tidligere studier har vist at både cellesvelling og TSH-stimulering øker taurineffluksen fra FRTL-5-celler. Begge stimuleringsformene aktiverer to intracellulære signalsystemer, henholdsvis via fosfolipase C (PLC) og adenylyl syklase (AC) . FRTL-5-celler som er dyrket på filtre, danner et epitel og frisetter taurin både fra den apikale og den basolaterale siden. Med disse forholdene som grunnlag, var det ønskelig å undersøke hvilke av epitelsidene hvert av disse signalsystemene aktiverer taurineffluksen fra. Det var også aktuelt å få undersøkt om aktivering, eventuelt modulering av taurineffluks kunne skje via stimulering av purinerge reseptorer, P2Y og A1 adenosin reseptor, som FRTL-5-cellene besitter. Disse reseptorene har vist seg å aktivere signalsystemet som medieres via PLC og ikke via AC.
Cellene ble dyrket henholdsvis i skåler og på Falcon-filtre, og akkumulerte [3H]-taurin dagen før forsøket. Skålene ble utstyrt med et lokk, og filtrene ble montert i en beholder slik at [3H]-taurin fra henholdsvis den apikale og den basolaterale siden kunne frisettes til hvert sitt kammer. Cellene ble utsatt for forskjellig typer stimuli og [3H]-taurin ble samlet opp i ettminuttsintervaller.
Resultatene mine viste at adenosinanalogen PIA, sammen med TSH, aktiverte adenosin A1-reseptorer. PIA og TSH hadde en hemmende effekt på AC og stimulerte PLC, som resulterte i en forsterkning av TSH-stimulert taurineffluksaktivitet. Toxinet PTX hemmet den stimulerende effekten via PLC og opphevet den hemmende effekten på AC, og førte til forsterket aktivering. PIA-stimulering av adenosin A1-reseptor forsterket signifikant svellingsaktivert taurineffluks også. Denne effekten ble fullstendig blokkert av PTX, og indikerer at PIA-stimuleringen ble formidlet via PLC.
ATP stimulerte taurineffluksaktiviteten via P2Y-purinerge reseptorer og PLC. Noe av den ATP-induserte effluksaktiveringen ble uventet hemmet av PTX. Dette kunne indikere at noe av ATP var metabolisert til adenosin som ga en PTX-inhibitorisk effekt, men andre forklaringer på denne effekten er også mulig. Svellingen ser ut for å effektivisere signalsystemet som starter via PLC og leder til taurineffluks. Stimulering med ATP via P2Y purinerge reseptorer, aktiverte taurineffluksen bare fra den apikale siden av celleepitelet.
2013-03-12T08:37:47Z
2013-03-12T08:37:47Z
2007
2007-04-12
2007-08-10
Master thesis
Masteroppgave
http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-15386
Zahid, Rabia. Signalsystemer knyttet til TSH- og svellingstimulert taurineffluks i rottetyrocytter (FRTL-5-celler). Masteroppgave, University of Oslo, 2007
http://hdl.handle.net/10852/11414
info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft.au=Zahid, Rabia&rft.title=Signalsystemer knyttet til TSH- og svellingstimulert taurineffluks i rottetyrocytter (FRTL-5-celler)&rft.inst=University of Oslo&rft.date=2007&rft.degree=Masteroppgave
URN:NBN:no-15386
56108
071079122
Fulltext https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/11414/1/Redigertx10%5B1%5D.041A4_2.pdf
nob
oai:www.duo.uio.no:10852/11420
2017-12-07T13:09:10Z
com_10852_16
com_10852_1
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Sulphide and Anoxia Tolerance in a Namibian Fish; How to Exploit a Hostile Environment
Strandabø, Rønnaug
Gøran Nilsson, Guro Sandvik
VDP::473
The Benguela upwelling in Namibia and South Africa experienced an ecosystem collapse after overfishing in the 1960s and 1970s, and as several industrially important species became scarce, others grew abundant. One of these was Sufflogobius bibarbatus, also known as the pelagic goby. The Benguela ocean floor has many areas with low levels of oxygen combined with high concentrations of H2S. These potentially lethal conditions are avoided by most species, but the pelagic goby spend daytime in this inhospitable mud. In April 2008 a the research vessel “G.O. Sars” left port in Namibia, with a goal of investigating exactly how and why the goby prefer to seek shelter in such areas.
Cytochrome c oxidase (COX) is the fourth complex in the electron transport chain of mitochondria. It uses oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor during oxidative phosphorylation. Without oxygen oxidative phosphorylation stops and ATP production has to rely on anaerobic glycolysis. Accumulation of the end-product lactate is potentially deadly, and must be avoided. H2S binds to COX and inhibits the interaction with oxygen, thus stopping oxidative phosphorylation, making the organism functionally anoxic. In this thesis I have used respirometry to investigate the hypoxia-tolerance and H2S-tolerence of the pelagic goby. Finally I have done real-time RT-PCR experiments to examine the expression of COX subunits I-III during exposure to anoxia and/or, H2S.
My findings indicate that the pelagic goby is exceptionally good at taking up oxygen in hypoxia, being able to maintain resting oxygen consumption down to a water oxygen level of 5.3 % of air saturation. It does not appear to have any special mechanism for tolerating H2S, asides from the fact that it can survive exposures to anoxia for hours. During anoxia it accumulates lactate and builds up on oxygen debt. In nature, this oxygen debt is most likely paid off during the nocturnal migration from the bottom to well-oxygenated pelagic waters, and could be a main reason for the diurnal migration pattern of the pelagic goby. The expression of COX subunits I-III does not appear to be affected by either anoxia or H2S exposure.
2013-03-12T08:37:51Z
2013-03-12T08:37:51Z
2009
2009-09-01
2009-10-21
Master thesis
Masteroppgave
http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-23032
Strandabø, Rønnaug. Sulphide and Anoxia Tolerance in a Namibian Fish; How to Exploit a Hostile Environment. Masteroppgave, University of Oslo, 2009
http://hdl.handle.net/10852/11420
info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft.au=Strandabø, Rønnaug&rft.title=Sulphide and Anoxia Tolerance in a Namibian Fish; How to Exploit a Hostile Environment&rft.inst=University of Oslo&rft.date=2009&rft.degree=Masteroppgave
URN:NBN:no-23032
94411
Fulltext https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/11420/1/formatxriktig_strandabo.pdf
eng
oai:www.duo.uio.no:10852/11416
2014-12-26T05:00:19Z
com_10852_16
com_10852_1
col_10852_20
Cloning, in silico characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the NMDA receptor in the crucian carp
Hov, Dag Are Steenhoff
Göran Nilsson
kloningfylogeniNMDAreseptor
Nr-1karussanoksianoxiaN-methyl-D-aspartatferskvannsfiskslektstre
VDP::473
The crucian carp survives anoxia with the brain turned on. In such a state it is crucial to lower energy expenditures. This can be achieved by lowering the permeability of ionotropic receptors such as the N-metyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). We hypothesized that the crucian carp NMDAR possess properties important for anoxic tolerance. This thesis reports the full-length cloning of the NR1 subunit, as well as ESTs for NR2A-D and NR3A in crucian carp. Phylogenetic analyses supported the identity of all subunits, and suggested the finding of two closely related paralogs for NR1, NR2A and NR2D. These paralogs provide evidence for a recent genomic duplication event in the crucian carp lineage. Protein analyses of NR1 revealed no obvious adaptations important for anoxic survival. All key properties were conserved. However, a novel splice cassette, ‘NTSG’, was found in the N-terminal. This was predicted to represent a functional N-glycosylation site. Real-time RT PCR primers were designed for assessments of gene expression.
2013-03-12T08:37:52Z
2013-03-12T08:37:52Z
2007
2007-11-19
2008-01-22
Master thesis
Hovedoppgave
http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-17855
Hov, Dag Are Steenhoff. Cloning, in silico characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the NMDA receptor in the crucian carp. Hovedoppgave, University of Oslo, 2007
http://hdl.handle.net/10852/11416
info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft.au=Hov, Dag Are Steenhoff&rft.title=Cloning, in silico characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the NMDA receptor in the crucian carp&rft.inst=University of Oslo&rft.date=2007&rft.degree=Hovedoppgave
URN:NBN:no-17855
67770
080094546
Fulltext https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/11416/1/Hovedfag_Dag_Are_S_Hov_2007.pdf
eng
oai:www.duo.uio.no:10852/11422
2017-12-07T13:09:10Z
com_10852_16
com_10852_1
col_10852_20
PGC-1β's role in the regulation of adult mice muscle plasticity
Staurseth, Julie
PGC-1B skjelettmuskel fiber typing mus
VDP::473
Adult skeletal muscle fibers show an ability to undergo phenotypic alterations without cell death or regeneration in response to environmental changes. Important factors affecting the metabolic and contractile properties of a muscle fiber includes the activation of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation, as well as fast and slow isoforms of contractile proteins.
The coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma coactivator (PGC)-1β has recently been proposed to initiate these processes by altering oxygen capacity and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) expression in individual muscle fibers in transgenic animals. However, it is difficult to know if the observed effects reflect a true adult plasticity, or an effect of PGC-1β overexpression throughout myognesis. Here we compared wild type expression patterns of PGC-1β in both fast and slow muscles and investigated the effect of PGC-1β on fiber phenotype in adult mice, where developmental factors are not involved.
Expression patterns of the endogenous PGC-1β protein were analyzed by subcellular protein fractionation and Western blotting, while overexpression was studied by electroporating a plasmid encoding Flag-PGC-1β into both the slow oxidative soleus (SOL) and the fast glycolytic extensor digitorum longus (EDL). MyHC fiber type distribution was further analyzed among the transfected fibers, and compared to control fibers within the same muscles.
The endogenous PGC-1β protein was found to be expressed 36-fold higher in nuclei from EDL than nuclei from SOL. Overexpression studies in SOL resulted in no MyHC alterations in the PGC-1β-transfected fibers. In EDL an increase in 2x fibers at the expense of 2b fibers was seen when comparing PGC-1β-transfected fibers with the sham-transfected fibers. However, sham transfection in EDL also influenced fiber type, a finding we attribute to selective transfection of fibers with low input resistance. Therefore these findings should be interpreted with caution, and the experiments should be repeated under conditions where sham transfection has no effect.
2013-03-12T08:37:52Z
2013-03-12T08:37:52Z
2009
2009-11-16
2010-02-09
Master thesis
Masteroppgave
http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-23864
Staurseth, Julie. PGC-1β's role in the regulation of adult mice muscle plasticity. Masteroppgave, University of Oslo, 2009
http://hdl.handle.net/10852/11422
info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft.au=Staurseth, Julie&rft.title=PGC-1β's role in the regulation of adult mice muscle plasticity&rft.inst=University of Oslo&rft.date=2009&rft.degree=Masteroppgave
URN:NBN:no-23864
96881
100291023
Fulltext https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/11422/1/JuliexStaursethxOppgave.pdf
eng
oai:www.duo.uio.no:10852/11409
2014-12-26T05:00:19Z
com_10852_16
com_10852_1
col_10852_20
Odorant-specific endocytosis : Mapping the connectivity within the olfactory system in crucian carp, Carassius carassius
Hansson, Kenth-Arne
Kjell B. Døving
VDP::473
2013-03-12T08:37:53Z
2011
2011-11-25
2012-02-23
10000-01-01
Master thesis
Masteroppgave
http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-30007
Hansson, Kenth-Arne. Odorant-specific endocytosis. Masteroppgave, University of Oslo, 2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10852/11409
info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft.au=Hansson, Kenth-Arne&rft.title=Odorant-specific endocytosis&rft.inst=University of Oslo&rft.date=2011&rft.degree=Masteroppgave
URN:NBN:no-30007
144896
114879486
Fulltext https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/11409/1/Hansson.pdf
eng
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closedaccess
oai:www.duo.uio.no:10852/11415
2013-03-12T08:37:53Z
com_10852_16
com_10852_1
col_10852_20
Differentiation potential of human hematopoietic stem cells towards the neural lineage
Kasumacic, Nedim
Joel C. Glover (hoved) og Olav Sand (intern)
stam celler plastisitet transdifferensiering
VDP::473
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells have been proposed as being able to give rise to cells of non-hematopoietic lineages. Several reports show that HSC are able to differentiate into neural cells both in vivo and in vitro. Recently, it has also been shown that human HSCs (hHSCs) can generate functional neurons following transplantation into the embryonic chicken neural tube. In order to investigate hHSCs neurogenic potential in more detail, we did a series of experiments transplanting highly purified CD34+ cells from the human bone marrow into the neural tube of chicken embryos following unilateral lesions. We assessed hematopoietic to neural transition by following the expression of two panels of antigens expressed specifically by each of the cell types. In addition we investigated functional properties of the human cells that integrated into the chicken spinal cord by electrophysiological recording. Finally, we investigated whether fusion between hHSC and chicken cells was a factor contributing to the observed results. We find that many of the CD34+ cells that integrate into the embryonic neural tube start expressing neural proteins including MAP-2, Neurofilament, NeuN and Tuj-1 within 4 days of incubation. In addition, electrophysiological recording shows that some of the human cells (within 10 days post implantation) exhibit active membrane properties and can fire overshooting action potentials following stimulation. In parallel with neural differentiation, the cells stop expressing the hematopoietic markers CD 34, CD 45 and CD 38, suggesting a full transition from hematopoietic to neural fate. Finally, the human cells never express chicken specific markers suggesting that it is highly unlikely that host-graft cell fusion is a contributing factor to the observed results. We conclude that the human hematopoietic stem cells abandon their endogenous lineage and adopt a neural fate induced by signaling factors found in the regenerating microenvironment of the embryonic neural tube.
2013-03-12T08:37:53Z
2013-03-12T08:37:53Z
2007
2007-05-29
2007-08-13
Master thesis
Masteroppgave
http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-15398
Kasumacic, Nedim. Differentiation potential of human hematopoietic stem cells towards the neural lineage. Masteroppgave, University of Oslo, 2007
http://hdl.handle.net/10852/11415
info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft.au=Kasumacic, Nedim&rft.title=Differentiation potential of human hematopoietic stem cells towards the neural lineage&rft.inst=University of Oslo&rft.date=2007&rft.degree=Masteroppgave
URN:NBN:no-15398
60949
071101829
eng
oai:www.duo.uio.no:10852/11406
2017-12-07T13:09:10Z
com_10852_16
com_10852_1
col_10852_20
Anoxia / reoxygenation induced cell death in crucian carp brain
Yuen, Lisa
Göran E. Nilsson, Christina Sørensen
VDP::473
The crucian carp (Carassius carassius) has an exceptional ability to tolerate anoxia, being able to survive without oxygen for several months at low temperatures. In response to low oxygen levels the crucian carp reduces its metabolic rate, and up-regulates glycolysis to produce enough ATP to fuel cellular ATP demand. These adaptations solve the main problem encountered during anoxia, which is to supply cells with enough ATP. The brain has a very high rate of ATP use, and it is therefore especially vulnerable during anoxic conditions. In the brain of mammals, even brief periods of oxygen deprivation can induce apoptotic cell death. It is still not known if the crucian carp brain suffers brain damage after anoxic exposure. The aim of this study was therefore to examine if anoxia, and/or subsequent reoxygenation, affect the incidence of apoptotic cell death in the brain of crucian carp.
The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) method was applied to stain for and quantify apoptotic cells in the crucian carp telencephalon. The amount of apoptotic cells did not increase significantly after 7 days of anoxia (at 9 °C). However, when the anoxic fish were given 1 day of reoxygenation at normal oxygen levels, a 170 % increase in the number of apoptotic cells was detected. The elevated apoptosis after reoxygenation resembles the effect of reperfusion after cerebral ischemia in mammals, where reperfusion accelerates the rate of cell death.
One possibility is that anoxia initiates apoptotic pathways in the brain without leading to actual cell death until oxygen is restored. Another possibility is that anoxia in itself does not induce apoptosis, but that the following reoxygenation causes increased apoptosis. Regardless, anoxia followed by reoxygenation does cause some damage in the form of increased levels of apoptosis in the crucian carp telencephalon. This points at an hitherto unrecognized aspect of anoxia tolerance in crucian carp: the need to possess effective mechanisms to repair a damaged brain after anoxia / reoxygenation events.
2013-03-12T08:37:53Z
2013-03-12T08:37:53Z
2010
2010-09-22
2011-03-28
Master thesis
Masteroppgave
http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-26182
Yuen, Lisa. Anoxia / reoxygenation induced cell death in crucian carp brain. Masteroppgave, University of Oslo, 2010
http://hdl.handle.net/10852/11406
info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft.au=Yuen, Lisa&rft.title=Anoxia / reoxygenation induced cell death in crucian carp brain&rft.inst=University of Oslo&rft.date=2010&rft.degree=Masteroppgave
URN:NBN:no-26182
105711
112114776
Fulltext https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/11406/1/Anoxiaxxreoxygenationxinducedxcellxdeathxinxcrucianxcarpxbrain.pdf
eng
oai:www.duo.uio.no:10852/11408
2014-12-26T05:00:20Z
com_10852_16
com_10852_1
col_10852_20
Molecular characterization and gene expression analysis of calcium-activated potassium channels in Atlantic co
Vaule, Stine Berg
Trude M. Haug og Finn-Arne Weltzien
VDP::473
2013-03-12T08:37:54Z
2013-03-12T08:37:54Z
2011
2011-07-08
2012-02-24
Master thesis
Masteroppgave
http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-28921
Vaule, Stine Berg. Molecular characterization and gene expression analysis of calcium-activated potassium channels in Atlantic co. Masteroppgave, University of Oslo, 2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10852/11408
info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft.au=Vaule, Stine Berg&rft.title=Molecular characterization and gene expression analysis of calcium-activated potassium channels in Atlantic co&rft.inst=University of Oslo&rft.date=2011&rft.degree=Masteroppgave
URN:NBN:no-28921
132075
120394650
Fulltext https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/11408/1/Vaule.Stine.Berg.Master.thesisxx2x.pdf
eng
oai:www.duo.uio.no:10852/11411
2014-12-26T05:00:20Z
com_10852_16
com_10852_1
col_10852_20
Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching of Rapsyn-EGFP in the neuromuscular junction of mice in vivo.
Sem-Jacobsen, Catherine E
Krisitan Gundersen og Jo C. Bruusgaard
Rapsyn receptor associated protein synapse AChR acetylcholine receptor EGFP enhanced green FRAP fluorescent protein fotobleking muskel endeplater synapse
VDP::473
The high densities of receptors found in synapses are crucial for effective transmission between a nerve and its target cell. At the neuromuscular junctions, acetylcholine is the transmitter substance and its receptor, the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) is found at very high concentrations in the endplate on the postsynaptic membrane. A large array of molecules is necessary to form the clusters of AChR during development and to keep up the highly structured arrangement of the endplate. One of these molecules is rapsyn. Rapsyn is a peripheral membrane protein. It has binding sites for several of the proteins in the endplate and is closely associated with the AChR. Without this protein’s presence no endplate structures form. Rapsyn can also induce clustering of AChR in several non-muscle cell lines when cotransfected with the subunits of the receptor.
In this project a plasmid containing rapsyn tagged with the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) was electroporated into the extensor digitorum longu (edl) muscle of mice. The resultant rapsyn-EGFP chimera localises to the endplate in exchange for and in addition to, wild type rapsyn. With the argon laser of a confocal microscope a portion of the rapsyn-EGFP in the endplates was photobleached. The subsequent fluorescent recovery was studied using a fluorescent microscope with a SIT camera. The hypothesis was that the recovery of rapsyn-EGFP would mimic the recovery seen when bleaching labelled AChR in the endplate consistent with the idea that rapsyn forms a complex with AChR already before clustering
Contrary to our expectations, we found that rapsyn-EGFP had a recovery rate, after photobleaching, which was about 14-68-fold higher than that established for the AChR. There seemed to be two pools of rapsyn-EGFP in the endplates with a fast recovering pool constituting about 60-80% of the endplate population and a non-recovered portion consisting of the remaining 20-40% of the endplate population. The recovering pool had a higher turnover and/or mobility than the receptor leading us to suppose that such molecules are either not associated with receptors, or associated with receptors for only shorter periods of time. Furthermore, it is possible to suppose that the non-recovered pool act as complexes with receptors throughout their lifetime, or these might also associate and disassociate with receptors.
2013-03-12T08:37:54Z
2013-03-12T08:37:54Z
2005
2006-01-23
2006-02-07
Master thesis
Masteroppgave
http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-11680
Sem-Jacobsen, Catherine E. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching of Rapsyn-EGFP in the neuromuscular junction of mice in vivo.. Masteroppgave, University of Oslo, 2005
http://hdl.handle.net/10852/11411
info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft.au=Sem-Jacobsen, Catherine E&rft.title=Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching of Rapsyn-EGFP in the neuromuscular junction of mice in vivo.&rft.inst=University of Oslo&rft.date=2005&rft.degree=Masteroppgave
URN:NBN:no-11680
35422
060228156
Fulltext https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/11411/1/MATEROPPGAVExCATHERINExSEM-JACOBSEN.pdf
eng
oai:www.duo.uio.no:10852/11413
2017-12-07T13:09:10Z
com_10852_16
com_10852_1
col_10852_20
Expression of voltage-gated ion channels and heat shock proteins in brain tissue of anoxic crucian carp
Larsen, Helene Kile
Göran Nilsson, Stian Ellefsen
VDP::473
The crucian carp (Carassius carassius) manage to live without oxygen for months at low temperatures, and the only way to produce ATP is through the glycolytic pathway, which yields less than 10% of the ATP formed through aerobic metabolism. There are two options for compensating for the lowered ATP production efficiency; (1) increase the rate of ATP production and/or (2) reduce the rate of ATP consumption. An energy saving decrease of ion permeability (“channel arrest”) is displayed by the red-eared slider turtle (Trachemys scripta) during anoxia. To examine if a similar strategy is used by the crucian carp, brain mRNA levels of á-subunits of voltage-gated Na+ and Ca2+ (Nav and Cav) channels were quantified by real-time RT-PCR after exposure to 1-7 days of anoxia and anoxia followed by reoxygenation (all at 11°C).
Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are known for protecting cells against detrimental effects of various stressors, including anoxia. Of the many functions proposed for Hsps, one is to refold proteins to their functional structure and another is to designate damaged proteins for degradation. In this thesis brain mRNA levels of Hsp90, Hsp70.1, Hsp70.2, Hsc70 and Hsp30 were quantified by real-time RT-PCR in crucian carp exposed to anoxia at two temperatures, 8°C and 13°C.
No changes were found in mRNA levels of the á-subunits of the voltage-gated ion channels. Thus, the results do not support the “channel-arrest” hypothesis in crucian carp brain. By contrast, for Hsps a significant increase was found in both Hsp70.1 and Hsp70.2 mRNA levels at 13°C, while the response of these two paralogs showed divergent changes at 8°C. During anoxia, a decrease was found in Hsc70 and Hsp90 mRNA at 8°C, while at 13°C a significant decrease was found in Hsc70 and Hsp30 mRNA. These findings support the possibility that the Hsps are involved in the anoxia response of crucian carp brain, and that temperature has an effect on the regulation of some Hsps.
2013-03-12T08:37:54Z
2013-03-12T08:37:54Z
2006
2006-12-14
2007-01-23
Master thesis
Masteroppgave
http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-14213
Larsen, Helene Kile. Expression of voltage-gated ion channels and heat shock proteins in brain tissue of anoxic crucian carp. Masteroppgave, University of Oslo, 2006
http://hdl.handle.net/10852/11413
info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft.au=Larsen, Helene Kile&rft.title=Expression of voltage-gated ion channels and heat shock proteins in brain tissue of anoxic crucian carp&rft.inst=University of Oslo&rft.date=2006&rft.degree=Masteroppgave
URN:NBN:no-14213
50648
070093741
Fulltext https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/11413/3/Masteroppgaven_Helene_061122.pdf
eng
oai:www.duo.uio.no:10852/34576
2014-12-26T05:01:58Z
com_10852_16
com_10852_1
col_10852_20
Role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in persistent pain after disc herniation : nociceptive signaling and genetic susceptibility
Moen, Aurora
Johannes Gjerstad, Linda Margareth Pedersen, Maria Belland Olsen
VDP::473
Low back pain and sciatica after disc herniation may be caused by mechanical compression of the nerve roots, but also by the release of inflammatory substances from nucleus pulposus (NP) of the herniated disc. In the present study the functional changes in the nociceptive signaling due to disc herniation and genetic factors important for persistent low back pain and sciatica were investigated.
First, in an animal model, single-unit recordings in the spinal dorsal horn were performed to investigate the effect of NP tissue on neuronal excitability, and to examine if this effect was affected by administration of an interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra). Moreover, to identify potential up-regulated genes in NP tissue exposed to the spinal dorsal nerve roots, the gene expression of 84 cytokines in NP tissue was examined by a PCR array. The present data demonstrated that application of NP onto the spinal dorsal nerve roots enhanced dorsal horn neuronal excitability, but no clear effect of the IL-Ra was observed. A significant up-regulation in the gene expression of Colony stimulating factor-1 (Csf-1) and Fas ligand (Faslg) was observed in NP tissue exposed to the spinal dorsal nerve roots.
Second, the association between genetic variation in pro-inflammatory cytokines and persistent low back pain and sciatica was examined in disc herniated patients (n=258). Pain and disability were measured by visual analogue scale (VAS), McGill sensory questionnaire and Oswestry disability index (ODI) over 12 months and the patients were genotyped with regard to IL-1α rs1800587, IL-1RN rs2234677, CSF-1 rs484959 and FASLG rs763110. The present findings revealed that carriers of IL-1α T allele in combination with IL-1RN A allele had more pain and slower recovery than other patients the first year after disc herniation. Hence, our findings suggest that the clinical outcome following disc herniation may be dependent upon IL-1α and IL-1RN genotypes. However, the data did not reveal any clear association between the CSF-1 or FASLG genotypes and the progression of pain and disability.
Taken together, our data supports the hypothesis that pro-inflammatory cytokines are involved in the genesis of long lasting pain following disc herniation.
2013-08-08T10:28:00Z
2012
2013-01-06
2013-08-06
10000-01-01
Master thesis
Masteroppgave
http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-33396
Moen, Aurora. Role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in persistent pain after disc herniation. Masteroppgave, University of Oslo, 2012
http://hdl.handle.net/10852/34576
info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft.au=Moen, Aurora&rft.title=Role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in persistent pain after disc herniation&rft.inst=University of Oslo&rft.date=2012&rft.degree=Masteroppgave
URN:NBN:no-33396
174920
Fulltext https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/34576/1/A_Moen_Masteroppgave.pdf
nob
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