2024-03-28T16:23:48Z
https://www.duo.uio.no/oai/request
oai:www.duo.uio.no:10852/24280
2013-03-12T11:26:54Z
com_10852_93
com_10852_87
col_10852_105
2013-03-12T11:26:54Z
urn:hdl:10852/24280
En upartisk fremstilling av dharma : En studie av 'Jam-mgon Kong-sprul Blo-gros mtha'-yas og hans ideologi i tilknytning til ris med-bevegelsen basert på Ris med chos 'byung
Per Kværne
Sammendrag
I denne oppgaven fremstiller jeg Jam-mgon Kong-spruls (1813-1899) ideologi i tilknytning til ris med-bevegelsen, en religiøs bevegelse som søkte å behandle tibetansk religion på en upartisk måte (ris med).
Jam-mgon Kong-sprul anses for å være en av grunnleggerne av denne bevegelsen, jeg betraktet det derfor som interessant å oversette hans verk Ris med chos byung (En upartisk (fremstilling) av dharmas opprinnelse) for å se på hvilke aspekter ved tibetansk religion han selv la til grunn for den uttrykte upartiske holdningen.
Chos byung tilhører en egen genre i tibetansk historiografisk litteratur. Jeg søkte derfor i
kap. 2 å vise til andre historietekster fra beslektede genre som hadde en lignende struktur og et lignende innhold som Ris med chos byung. Dette var for å se om Ris med chos byung hadde et særpreg ved sin upartiske fremstilling som atskilte seg fra de andre tekster, eller om den føyde seg inn i en etablert historiografisk genretradisjon.
Kapittel 3 og 4 plasserer oppgavens tema i historisk kontekst. Der gir jeg et omriss av Kong-spruls liv basert på hans selvbiografi (rnam thar), i tillegg til å redegjøre for den historiske utviklingen av ris med i Tibet. I buddhistisk læremessig kontekst redegjør jeg for hvordan Kong-sprul legitimerte en upartisk holdning til læren, hovedsakelig basert på hans oppfatning av de tre løftene (sdom pa gsum, skt trisamvara). Som det kommer frem i Ris med chos byung har Kong-sprul klare preferanser med hensyn til de ulike buddhistiske læretradisjonene. Kong-sprul anså den såkalte tomt for alt annet (enn seg selv) -filosofien (gzhan stong) som den dypeste formen for buddhistisk lære. I denne sammenheng forklarer jeg de grunnleggende ideene ved denne filosofien ved å sette den opp mot sin filosofiske rival, tomt for seg selv -filosofien (rang stong).
Kapittel 5 konstituerer hoveddelen av oversettelsen av Ris med chos byung. I denne delen av oversettelsen fokuserer jeg på den delen av teksten som fremstiller den historiske opprinnelsen til de ulike religiøse skolene i Tibet. Formålet med denne oversettelsen er relatert til kapittel 2. Der søkte jeg å vise Kong-spruls evne til å fremstille den historiske opprinnelsen til de religiøse skolene i Tibet, samt bon-religionen, på en upartisk måte. I den forbindelse vil jeg se om Kong-spruls fremstilling atskilte seg fra de andre tekstene jeg sammenliknet den med, og slik sett om dette var et eventuelt særpreg ved teksten.
I kapittel 6 oversetter jeg de delene av Ris med chos byung der Kong-sprul legger til grunn sine filosofiske preferanser. Disse delene er integrert i en analyse der jeg søker å redegjøre for hvordan Kong-sprul holdt gzhan stong-filosofien for å være den dypeste og mest omfattende buddhistiske læren, særlig ved å benytte seg av sentrale begreper fra Ratnagotravibhaga. I tillegg legitimerer og autoriserer han dette synet ved å knytte den opp mot Buddha Sakyamuni og videre gjennom en ubrutt suksesjon av tilhengere fra India til Tibet. Deretter diskuterer jeg hvordan Kong-spruls pragmatiske syn på gzhan stong-filosofien ikke kun så den som den dypeste formen for buddhistiske lære, men også at ved å utøve og å realisere denne læren integrerte man samtidig alle andre læretradisjoner. Han holdt altså den buddhistiske lære for å ha en hierarkisk struktur med gzhan stong som den integrerende og altomfattende læren, uten at den fantes motsetninger dem imellom.
Avslutningsvis, i kapittel 7, oppsummerer jeg hoveddelene i oppgaven og framlegger svarene på de viktigste spørsmålene jeg ville ta stilling til. I forbindelse med Kong-spruls ideologi i Ris med chos byung er det hans syn på gzhan stong-filosofien som må anses for å være det viktigste bidraget i tilknytning til forståelsen av ris med-bevegelsen. Hans fremstilling av den historiske opprinnelsen til de ulike skolene ser ut til å følge en etablert genretradisjon og er slik sett ikke noe som konstituerer en særpreget upartisk holdning. Derimot, det å hevde at gzhan stong-filosofien konstituerer en upartisk tilnærming til buddhistisk lære er en omstridtholdning som vil være interessant å gå nærmere i sømmene for å se i hvilken grad det utgjør et akseptert syn blant andre ris med-tilhengere, og slik sett om det kan være kimen til en ris med-ideologi i buddhistisk lære.
2013-03-12T11:26:54Z
2013-03-12T11:26:54Z
2005
2005-11-10
2006-03-07
Master thesis
Borgen, Philip Groseth. En upartisk fremstilling av dharma. Masteroppgave, University of Oslo, 2005
http://hdl.handle.net/10852/24280
info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft.au=Borgen, Philip Groseth&rft.title=En upartisk fremstilling av dharma&rft.inst=University of Oslo&rft.date=2005&rft.degree=Masteroppgave
URN:NBN:no-11885
32602
060278536
nob
oai:www.duo.uio.no:10852/24276
2018-06-28T22:14:53Z
com_10852_93
com_10852_87
col_10852_105
urn:hdl:10852/24276
Local health seeking strategies and the new cooperative medical scheme in Contemporary Phyed ri Village, Amdo
Heidi E. Fjeld
This thesis is about health, medicine and the implementation of the New Cooperative Medical Scheme in Phyed ri village, Reb gong (Tongren) County, Rma lho (Huangnan) Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Mtsho sngon (Qinghai) Province, PR China. Based on two months of fieldwork in Phyed ri village, it describes local health seeking strategies and the challenges of new policies.
2013-03-12T11:27:16Z
2011
2011-05-16
2011-11-30
10000-01-01
Master thesis
sNying dKhar rGyal. Local health seeking strategies and the new cooperative medical scheme in Contemporary Phyed ri Village, Amdo. Masteroppgave, University of Oslo, 2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10852/24276
info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft.au=sNying dKhar rGyal&rft.title=Local health seeking strategies and the new cooperative medical scheme in Contemporary Phyed ri Village, Amdo&rft.inst=University of Oslo&rft.date=2011&rft.degree=Masteroppgave
URN:NBN:no-28106
122919
114904855
Fulltext https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/24276/1/thesis.pdf
eng
KLAUSULERING: Dokumentet er klausulert grunnet lovpålagt taushetsplikt. Tilgangskode/Access code C
forever
closedaccess
oai:www.duo.uio.no:10852/24278
2014-12-26T05:08:51Z
com_10852_93
com_10852_87
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2013-03-12T11:27:19Z
urn:hdl:10852/24278
Tibetan Wedding Rituals in Gling rgya Village in Reb gong, A mdo
Rinzin Thargal and Hanna Havnevik
Marriage customs in Tibetan cultural areas of mTsho sngon (Qinghai) Province of the People’s Republic of China have been changing dramatically in recent decades, due to economic, social and cultural factors. They have also been greatly affected by the introduction of modern education for segments of the population. There is a danger that many of the traditional marriage customs may eventually disappear. The aim of this study is to provide both a systematic description of the different components contextualizing the wedding ritual in Gling rgya, a village in Reb gong, northeast of Tibet, and how it is changing in modern times, and a comparison between traditional and modern weddings. In order to contextualize the wedding ritual and how it has changed, the present thesis also describes the broader socio-cultural and economic factors, the impact of local education, as well as religious effects.
Weddings in Gling rgya village are similar to weddings in the wider Reb gong county, and therefore, although there is some local variation, my case study of one village can be considered to be generally representative for the entire area.
2013-03-12T11:27:19Z
2013-03-12T11:27:19Z
2012
2012-05-01
2013-01-17
Master thesis
Jixiancairang, Xxx. Tibetan Wedding Rituals in Gling rgya Village in Reb gong, A mdo. Masteroppgave, University of Oslo, 2012
http://hdl.handle.net/10852/24278
info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft.au=Jixiancairang, Xxx&rft.title=Tibetan Wedding Rituals in Gling rgya Village in Reb gong, A mdo&rft.inst=University of Oslo&rft.date=2012&rft.degree=Masteroppgave
URN:NBN:no-31677
157155
130300446
Fulltext https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/24278/1/TibetanxWeddingxRituals.pdf
eng
oai:www.duo.uio.no:10852/24282
2018-03-05T07:49:19Z
com_10852_93
com_10852_87
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2013-03-12T11:27:24Z
urn:hdl:10852/24282
Oboo worship : the worship of earth and water divinities in Mongolia
Hanna Havnevik
When the ‘Great Tradition’ of Indian Buddhism came to Tibet in the 7th and 11th centuries, it amalgamated with pre-Buddhist Tibetan religion and what we know as Tibetan Buddhism was created. Then the ‘Great Tradition’ of Tibetan Buddhism came to Mongolia in the 13th and 17th centuries and adapted to Mongolian way of life and incorporated popular and shamanic beliefs and practices. So one may argue that a ‘Little Tradition’ of Mongolian Buddhism was created based on a highly complex interaction between Great and Little Traditions and new syncretic religious forms were created. Such processes also affected oboo worship in Mongolia during the last centuries. Oboo, literally ‘cairn’ in Mongolian, is a structure erected by stones and trees in order to mark sacred or pastoral territories in Inner Asia. The cult to oboos, one of the oldest stone monuments on earth that has been the object of worship, has continued till the present time, and is the most important ritual structure in the sacred landscape in Mongolia. Oboo worship is closely connected with Mongolian worldview of supernatural beings connected with nature and has developed based on elements from Inner Asian shamanism and Tibetan Buddhism as well as indigenous views of the spiritual world.
Mongols have a view that earth is not only a living place of humans and animals, but there are also countless non-visible supernatural inhabitants surrounding them. Mountains and waters are seen as the homes of these benevolent and malignant spirits, and local inhabitants frequently have negotiations with them through different kinds of offerings and rituals in order to delight them and to ask their protection. Oboos are erected on the mountains and on the banks of rivers and lakes in order for people to worship supernatural masters these places. There are different types of oboo structures in the Mongolian sacred landscape and oboos have various functions that also reflect social and administrative divisions in the country.
An oboo construction practice which is prescribed by an eighteenth century Mongolian scholar Lobsangnorbusherab is an important source for the study of how far the Mongolian oboo worship is integrated into the Tibetan Buddhist ritual system. According to the text Mongols directly copied Tibetan rituals in their oboo worship. But later developments reveal that Mongols made their own contributions to the rituals. This can be seen in a contemporary oboo construction in western Mongolia described in the thesis.
A photo on labtse construction ceremony in Qinghai province, PRC on the Plate VI in the thesis was taken by Mr. Tsemdo Thar from Amdo, Tibet. I would like to express my gratitude for his kind contribution to my thesis to illustrate this rare ceremony.
2013-03-12T11:27:24Z
2013-03-12T11:27:24Z
2008
2008-05-22
2012-03-19
Master thesis
Davaa-Ochir, Ganzorig. Oboo worship. Masteroppgave, University of Oslo, 2008
http://hdl.handle.net/10852/24282
info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft.au=Davaa-Ochir, Ganzorig&rft.title=Oboo worship&rft.inst=University of Oslo&rft.date=2008&rft.degree=Masteroppgave
URN:NBN:no-19398
76309
081444281
Fulltext https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/24282/1/oboo-worship-rev-ed.pdf
eng
oai:www.duo.uio.no:10852/24283
2014-12-26T05:08:51Z
com_10852_93
com_10852_87
col_10852_105
2013-03-12T11:27:24Z
urn:hdl:10852/24283
Pilgrimage to Drakar Dreldzong : the written tradition and contemporary practices among Amdo Tibetans
Hanna Havnevik
This thesis focuses on pilgrimage (gnas skor) to Drakar Dreldzong, a Buddhist holy mountain (gnas ri) in a remote area of Amdo, Tibet, in the present day Qinghai Province in the western part of China. The mountain had long been a solitude hermitage and still is a popular pilgrimage site for Tibetan lamas and nearby laymen. Pilgrimage to holy mountains was, and still is, significant for the religious, cultural and literary life of Tibet, and even for today’s economic climate in Tibet.
This thesis presents the traditional perceptions of the site reflected both in written texts, namely pilgrimage guides (gnas bshad), and in the contemporary practices of pilgrimage to Drakar Dreldzong. It specifically talks about an early pilgrimage guide (Guide A) written by a tantric practitioner in the early 17th century, and newly developed guides (Guides B, C and D), based on the 17th century one, edited and composed by contemporary Tibetan lay intellectuals and monks from Dreldzong Monastery. This monastery, which follows the Gelukba tradition, was established in 1923 at the foot of the mountain. The section about the early guide mainly introduces the historical framework of pilgrimage guides and provides an impression of the situation of the mountain in from the 17th to the 21st century. In particular, it translates the text and gives comments and analysis on the content. The newly developed pilgrimage guides are in the forms of guidebooks as well as in video forms. They are compared with the early guide. The next section presents the contemporary pilgrimage practice on the mountain led by a majority of nomadic Tibetans all around the areas of the north-eastern region of Amdo. This section describes pilgrimage practices to the mountain and especially the pilgrimage I participated in with a group of local pilgrims in the summer of 2007. The section will compare the written texts and actual practices to generate discussions on concepts of precepts and practice as well as pilgrimage transitions taking place at the site.
Overall, the paper gives an insight into the unique pilgrimage tradition to this particular mountain. The discussion ranges from the written tradition (the Pilgrimage Guides) to contemporary guidebooks and the reality of pilgrimage practice in Amdo Tibetan culture.
2013-03-12T11:27:24Z
2013-03-12T11:27:24Z
2008
2008-07-30
2009-11-02
Master thesis
Nakza Drolma (Zhuoma). Pilgrimage to Drakar Dreldzong. Masteroppgave, University of Oslo, 2008
http://hdl.handle.net/10852/24283
info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft.au=Nakza Drolma (Zhuoma)&rft.title=Pilgrimage to Drakar Dreldzong&rft.inst=University of Oslo&rft.date=2008&rft.degree=Masteroppgave
URN:NBN:no-20116
81891
093644957
Fulltext https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/24283/1/Zhuoma_Master1.pdf
eng
oai:www.duo.uio.no:10852/24277
2017-12-08T09:19:16Z
com_10852_93
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urn:hdl:10852/24277
Klu rol in transition : a summer ritual in A mdo North-Eastern Tibet
Hanna Havnevik
A summer ritual known as klu rol is annually held in the honor of locally revered mountain deities in Reb gong, A mdo, north-eastern Tibet. During the ritual, various sacrificial offerings and performances are performed by male and female villagers, as well as the spirit medium who is possessed by deity to placate the local deities, whom are beseeched to protect the villagers and their livestock, as well as bestow bountiful harvest by ensuring the fruitful cropping. The main focus of this thesis is to document the ritual proceedings. In order to provide complete a picture of the ritual, klu rol in Ha ra pA thur has been singled out and thoroughly documented. Owing to the fact that current form of klu rol has dramatically changed, the documentations have to start from a vanished way of klu rol celebration in 1950s. Meantime, the changes are elucidated by comparing the two versions of klu rol, and discussions are also conducted on the causes accelerating the transition.
2013-03-12T11:27:26Z
2011
2011-07-27
2011-11-30
10000-01-01
Master thesis
sNying bo rgyal. Klu rol in transition. Masteroppgave, University of Oslo, 2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10852/24277
info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft.au=sNying bo rgyal&rft.title=Klu rol in transition&rft.inst=University of Oslo&rft.date=2011&rft.degree=Masteroppgave
URN:NBN:no-29464
132895
114902755
Fulltext https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/24277/2/MAxThesisx2011.xKLUxROLxINxTRANSITIONx-AxSummerxRitualxinxAxmdoxNorth-EasternxTibetxbyxNIANGWUJIA.pdf
eng
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oai:www.duo.uio.no:10852/24284
2014-12-26T05:08:51Z
com_10852_93
com_10852_87
col_10852_105
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urn:hdl:10852/24284
Stupas and their consecration in contemporary Kalmykia
Per Kværne
The thesis focuses on the consecration of stupas in contemporary Kalmykia and discusses the position of a stupa in Kalmyk religious life.
The Kalmyks became acquainted with Buddhism around the 13th century A.D. At that time they inhabited the south part of Siberia and were known as Oirats. The name Kalmyk was applied to the Oirats in the 17th century, when a substantial part of the Oirat tribes migrated to the Volga steppe in Russia and became a subject of the Russian Empire. Until the beginning of the 20th century the Kalmyks followed the Gelugpa school of Tibetan Buddhism; however, after the Bolshevik revolution Buddhism was prohibited in Russia, including the Kalmyk republic. Since the end of the 1980s religious institutions and practices are being restored in Kalmykia. The construction of stupas is a conspicuous manifestation of the reestablishment of Buddhism in Kalmykia.
A stupa (Tib. mchod rten, Mon. suburgan) is a Buddhist commemorative monument, containing relics. Being perceived as the reminder of the Buddha’s enlightenment and the symbol of the Dharma, a stupa became the object of deep religious veneration. In Tibetan Buddhism a stupa receives its sacred character after it has been consecrated. The consecration consists of the deposition of relics and the final consecration (rab gnas). The thesis discusses the concept of relics and their deposition within a receptacle in contemporary Kalmykia. Special attention is paid to the role of Tibetan religious scriptures in the consecration of stupas and statues. In Tibetan Buddhism the concept of relics comprises not only parts of body and ashes of saints or objects associated with holy persons and places, but also books. The installation of Tibetan religious texts serves as the main means of sacralizing stupas and statues in contemporary Kalmykia. The thesis surveys the particular texts installed, analyses the importance of these Tibetan texts for Kalmyk Buddhism and describes the process of their installation. The final chapter discusses the main consecration rituals that accompany the construction of a stupa in Kalmykia. These rituals are the preliminary ‘ground ritual’ (sa blang) for obtaining and blessing the site, the empowerment of the items to be installed in the receptacle (gzungs sgrub), the ‘offering bath’ (khrus gsol) and the final consecration (rab gnas).
The thesis is mainly based on data collected through fieldwork, carried out in June and July 2008 in Elista (the capital of Kalmykia) and smaller settlements around the capital.
2013-03-12T11:27:27Z
2013-03-12T11:27:27Z
2009
2009-05-08
2010-11-26
Master thesis
Gazizova, Valeriya. Stupas and their consecration in contemporary Kalmykia. Masteroppgave, University of Oslo, 2009
http://hdl.handle.net/10852/24284
info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft.au=Gazizova, Valeriya&rft.title=Stupas and their consecration in contemporary Kalmykia&rft.inst=University of Oslo&rft.date=2009&rft.degree=Masteroppgave
URN:NBN:no-22866
91552
102600910
Fulltext https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/24284/1/thesis.xGazizovaxValeria.pdf
eng
oai:www.duo.uio.no:10852/24274
2017-12-08T09:19:17Z
com_10852_93
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urn:hdl:10852/24274
Monastic dances in Bhutan : the dance of Padmasambhava's eight aspects at Nyima Lung Monastery, Bumthang
Hanna Havnevik
Abstract
Guru Rinpoche, who is famous for his introduction of the Vajrayana form of Buddhism in the Himalayan countries in eighth century, is highly venerated by the Bhutanese people. Tradition tells of many occasions in different parts of the country when Guru Rinpoche confronted and overcame the evil spirits. Not by destroying or driving them out, but by overwhelming them with his magnificence, through the religious dances, so that they became humble and submissive to his word, took refuge, became the followers of Buddhism bound under oath to protect the religious doctrine. Having thus pacified the spirit world, Guru Rinpoche was free to disseminate Buddhist teachings unhindered. And in so doing, it is said that he hallowed the land entirely that not a place remained untouched by his sacred feet.
He is often revered as the second living Buddha. Festivals attributed to his accomplishments are held on every tenth day of the month and celebrated annually in elaborate cast. Throughout the kingdom of Bhutan, several kinds of religious dances known as ‘cham are portrayed on the days of celebrations. The dance of Guru’s Eight Aspects is highly venerated among these dances.
The thesis deals with the emanations of Guru Rinpoche in the ‘cham performances according to the tradition in Nyima Lung (Nyi ma lung) Monastery based on three months fieldwork June-August 2009. I start with a general introduction. Thereafter, festivals and ritual dances in Nima Lung Monastery in general. However, the major focus is on the Dance of Guru’s Eight Aspects, its significances and unique portrayal in Nyima Lung Monastery. Analysis of ‘cham in general and on Guru’s Eight Aspects in particular are given more emphasis. The character known as Mitshering, explaining the ritual for the audiences seems to be unique for the performance in Nyima Lung. Otherwise, there does not exist any major differences between the way the dance is performed in Nyima Lung and other Buddhist monasteries. Performing the ‘cham is one means for expounding the Buddhist teachings to devout adherents in Buddhism. Depending upon the individual’s comprehension, ‘cham is understood in various ways. Nevertheless, according to the Buddhist doctrine it is believed to have great potentiality in delivering ignorant beings from cyclic existence to enlightenment within one life time.
2013-03-12T11:27:28Z
2010
2010-05-12
2011-04-11
10000-01-01
Master thesis
Jamtsho, Tenzin. Monastic dances in Bhutan . Masteroppgave, University of Oslo, 2010
http://hdl.handle.net/10852/24274
info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft.au=Jamtsho, Tenzin&rft.title=Monastic dances in Bhutan &rft.inst=University of Oslo&rft.date=2010&rft.degree=Masteroppgave
URN:NBN:no-26293
102553
11222525x
Fulltext https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/24274/2/Monastic_Dances_in_Bhutan.pdf
eng
Dette dokumentet er ikke elektronisk tilgjengelig etter ønske fra forfatter. Tilgangskode/Access code A
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closedaccess
oai:www.duo.uio.no:10852/24281
2017-12-08T09:19:17Z
com_10852_93
com_10852_87
col_10852_105
2013-03-12T11:27:29Z
urn:hdl:10852/24281
Marriage customs in Central Tibet
Hanna Havnevik
My thesis focuses on Tibetan marriage, the courtship, the marriage ceremony and particularly the songs sung during the initial stages of a marriage and during the actual marriage ceremony. Since Tibet weddings in general and different forms of marriage in particular (such as polygamy), have already been studied by some scholars, I focus on the marriage ceremonies typical in villages in Central Tibet, and particularly I have studied the songs. Only a few scholars have collected marriage songs from Central Tibet, and these songs are rapidly disappearing due to modernization. The main research questions I ask in my thesis are: In what ways have marriage in the Central Tibetan countryside traditionally been arranged? How does the selection of spouses proceed? How are engagement ceremonies and marriage ceremonies carried out? The emphasis, however, is on the speeches, songs and dances carried out during different parts of the wedding proceedings. I mainly portray wedding customs in the Central Tibet. I describe stages of courtship, the engagement, the roles of the matchmaker and the maternal uncle and describe the wedding day, the songs and speeches given, the sending and receiving of the bride, and the wedding ceremony. Since I’m particularly interested in the songs and speeches, I have selected a number of them from textual sources, and these I translate and annotate.
In my thesis, Part 1, I introduce my work by giving general information about Tibetan marriage. I write about the primary and secondary sources in Tibetan and in other languages, I state the principal objectives of the study, and the research methods. In Part 2, I write about the genre of marriage songs. Part 3 deals with spouse selection, astrological calculation, arranged marriages and divorce. In Part 4, I write about engagement, the beer-asking day, the wedding contract, the wedding preparations, the wedding day and bringing the bride home, the sending-off ceremony and the three greetings, and how weddings are dissolved. After each section I introduce speeches and songs that belong to the section of the marriage that I describe. The songs are given in transliteration (the Wylie system), followed by a translation into English. The songs contain many references to Buddhism, to different countries, to ancient Tibetan myths and to nature. There are also many local terms difficult to find in any dictionary. Wherever necessary I add notes in the translation in order to explain the references and the content of the songs.
2013-03-12T11:27:29Z
2013-03-12T11:27:29Z
2008
2008-05-06
2011-10-12
Master thesis
Tenzin. Marriage customs in Central Tibet. Masteroppgave, University of Oslo, 2008
http://hdl.handle.net/10852/24281
info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft.au=Tenzin&rft.title=Marriage customs in Central Tibet&rft.inst=University of Oslo&rft.date=2008&rft.degree=Masteroppgave
URN:NBN:no-19333
74471
081444389
Fulltext https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/24281/2/EMENDED_6thxofxMayxTenzin.pdf
eng
oai:www.duo.uio.no:10852/24275
2014-12-26T05:08:51Z
com_10852_93
com_10852_87
col_10852_105
urn:hdl:10852/24275
Death, disposal and ritual processes in contemporary Hontsho, Bhutan
Hanna Havnevik
Abstract
The overall subject in my thesis is the series of death rituals and related concepts and practices in contemporary Hontsho community in Bhutan. Emphasis has been given to shared traditional behaviours in Hontsho community rather than individual differences. The thesis is mainly based on available records and data collected during fieldwork in Hontsho, complemented by the available history and existing academic studies on both Tibetan and Bhutanese death rituals and attitudes towards death. To keep track, the thesis is arranged as follows.
In chapter one, I reveal my objectives for writing about the death rituals in Hontsho and explain the study’s scope and limitations, materials and methodology and literature review. In chapter two I discuss the general background of certain Buddhist phenomena and concepts related to death. The third chapter deals with the transaction of the early Bhutanese funeral rituals and how the rituals were propagated in Hontsho. Chapter four depicts the rites performed at the margin of death and other means to avert death. The fifth chapter illustrates transference of consciousness rituals and the reciting of the text Liberation through Hearing in the Intermediate State, which is mandatory to be performed before disposal. Chapter six portrays the disposal tradition in Hontsho. The seventh chapter outlines the rituals conducted from the third day after death onward till the death anniversary.
The thesis describes a great variety of funeral rituals in Bhutan and particularly the rituals practised in Hontsho local tradition. In this way I have attempted to show the society not only deals with rituals from day one to the death anniversary of the deceased but also how it deals with the dead body. Whereas a number of insightful studies have been produced on the death ritual in Tibet, very little has been written about the practices and concepts surrounding death in Bhutan. By giving an outline sketch of Bhutanese death ritual in general and funeral ritual in Hontsho in particular, this thesis aims to contribute to filling this gap.
2013-03-12T11:27:30Z
2010
2010-05-12
2011-04-11
10000-01-01
Master thesis
Tshewang, Choni. Death, disposal and ritual processes in contemporary Hontsho, Bhutan. Masteroppgave, University of Oslo, 2010
http://hdl.handle.net/10852/24275
info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft.au=Tshewang, Choni&rft.title=Death, disposal and ritual processes in contemporary Hontsho, Bhutan&rft.inst=University of Oslo&rft.date=2010&rft.degree=Masteroppgave
URN:NBN:no-26294
102555
11222346x
Fulltext https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/24275/1/Death_disposal_and_Ritual_Processes_in_Contmeporary_Hontshox_Bhutan_coverxpage.pdf
Fulltext https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/24275/2/Death_disposal_and_Ritual_Processes_in_Contmeporary_Hontshox_Bhutan_text.pdf
eng
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oai:www.duo.uio.no:10852/24279
2013-03-12T11:27:30Z
com_10852_93
com_10852_87
col_10852_105
2013-03-12T11:27:30Z
urn:hdl:10852/24279
The Space Section of the Great Perfection (rDzogs-chen klong-sde): a category of philosophical and meditative teachings in Tibetan Buddhism
Per Kværne
In this thesis, I examine the concept of the Space Section (Klong-sde) in the Tibetan Buddhist contemplative tradition of the Great Perfection (rDzogs-chen), the most important philosophical and contemplative teaching of the Ancient (rNying-ma) school of Tibetan Buddhism. The Space Section is traditionally considered to be one of the three main trends, or sections, of Great Perfection (rdzogs-chen sde gsum), the other two being Mind (sems-sde) and Instruction Sections (man-ngag sde). In comparison with the Mind and Instruction Sections, the Space Section appears difficult to define, since traditional as well as modern scholars have described its essentials in divergent and sometimes conflicting ways. I have therefore examined the different texts that have been classified as belonging to the Space Section. These include the Great Perfection Tantras that utilize a scheme of the Nine Spaces (klong dgu), and also instruction texts on contemplative techniques from the tradition known as the Adamantine Bridge (rDo-rje zam-pa). I translate extracts from the various texts that claim to set forth the essential doctrine of the Space Section. I show that the Tantras categorized as the Space Section resemble in important ways the texts of the Mind Section, while differing in orientation from the instruction texts of the rDo-rje zam-pa. Examining the the Tantras that have in different periods been considered to belong to the doxographical category of the Space Section, I show that as a class of Tantras, Space Section has been very variable, has evolved significantly over time, and includes texts of substantially different character. In addition, I discuss the portrayal of the Space Section from the perspective of the Instruction Section, translating its exposition by Klong-chen rab- byams.
Having discussed the evolution and different applications of the concept of Klong-sde, I turn to the tradition of rDo-rje zam-pa, which is the only historically identifiable movement that described itself as having the Space Section as its central spiritual practice. I translate the basic text of the rDo-rje zam-pa, attributed to the 8th century Tibetan translator Vairocana, interpreting it with the help of 12th century commentaries by Kun-bzang rdo-rje. I discuss the central contemplative and yogic practices prescribed by the text, comparing and contrasting them with related Tantric practices of other Tibetan Buddhist schools. I also outline the major parallels between the rDo-rje zam-pa and the Instruction Section (man-ngag sde) of the Great Perfection.
2013-03-12T11:27:30Z
2013-03-12T11:27:30Z
2005
2005-05-18
2006-01-04
Master thesis
Anspal, Sten. The Space Section of the Great Perfection (rDzogs-chen klong-sde): a category of philosophical and meditative teachings in Tibetan Buddhism. Masteroppgave, University of Oslo, 2005
http://hdl.handle.net/10852/24279
info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft.au=Anspal, Sten&rft.title=The Space Section of the Great Perfection (rDzogs-chen klong-sde): a category of philosophical and meditative teachings in Tibetan Buddhism&rft.inst=University of Oslo&rft.date=2005&rft.degree=Masteroppgave
URN:NBN:no-10749
27383
051324970
eng
oai:www.duo.uio.no:10852/34949
2017-12-08T09:19:16Z
com_10852_93
com_10852_87
col_10852_105
2013-03-14T11:47:36Z
urn:hdl:10852/34949
"My faith (dad-pa) is growing inside of me": The Chos-thog chen-mo Ritual Dance in a Tibetan Bon community in Amdo mTsho-sngon (Qinghai) Province
Per Kværne
While the majority of Tibetans are Buddhists, there is also a significant minority who follow a religion, in Tibetan known as Bon (bon), many aspects of which remain to be studied. The focus of this thesis is a Tibetan Bon ritual called Chos-thog chen-mo that is practiced in Bon communities in Reb-gong County, Qinghai Province, in the People’s Republic of China. The Bon communities in Reb-gong engaged in this ritual practice to invoke various deities, requesting them to intervene in worldly matters on their behalf, and communicate with lesser spirits. Althogh I will examine all aspects of the ritual, the ritual dance held on the third day is of particular interest. And the trance in which the laity express their faith during the ritual, and especially during the dance, will also be discussed.
2013-03-14T11:47:36Z
2013-03-14T11:47:36Z
2012
2012-07-18
2013-03-07
Master thesis
Huamaoji. "My faith (dad-pa) is growing inside of me": The Chos-thog chen-mo Ritual Dance in a Tibetan Bon community in Amdo mTsho-sngon (Qinghai) Province. Masteroppgave, University of Oslo, 2012
http://hdl.handle.net/10852/34949
info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft.au=Huamaoji&rft.title="My faith (dad-pa) is growing inside of me": The Chos-thog chen-mo Ritual Dance in a Tibetan Bon community in Amdo mTsho-sngon (Qinghai) Province&rft.inst=University of Oslo&rft.date=2012&rft.degree=Masteroppgave
URN:NBN:no-33605
167459
130784753
Fulltext https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/34949/3/Pemokyis_Thesis.pdf
eng
oai:www.duo.uio.no:10852/37025
2014-12-26T05:12:05Z
com_10852_93
com_10852_87
col_10852_105
urn:hdl:10852/37025
Lhagang Monastery in Myth, History and Contemporary Society
Hanna Havnevik and Per Kværne
This thesis discusses the foundation myths, history and contemporary situation of Minyak Pel Lhagang Monastery (Mi nyag dPal Lha sgang dgon), a Sakya monastery located in Lhagang village, Dartsedo (Dar rtse mdo), in the Minyak (Mi nyag) region in Kham (East Tibet). My account of the monastery is based on material gathered during three months of fieldwork in Lhagang village.
Lhagang Monastery is regarded as one of the most famous monasteries in the region, mainly due to the Jowo statue kept there, which many believe is of equal importance to the Jowo statue in Lhasa. To my knowledge, no research has so far been done on Lhagang Monastery and it is important to study its history before the existing written records disappear and the orally transmitted narratives are forgotten. Furthermore, a study of the monastery’s role in contemporary society will add to our knowledge of modern Tibetan monasticism.
The first part of thesis gives a detailed presentation of two different accounts of the origin and historical changes of the monastery, and three defining moments in the history of the monastery: its transformation from the Kagyu to the Sakya school, the changes brought about by the Cultural Revolution, and finally the influence of modernity in the course of the last decades and the changes brought by new policies of the new millennium. The descriptions of the monastery are based on printed texts as well as data collected through interviews in contemporary Lhagang. The second part of thesis presents the basic layout of the monastery and a detailed description of summer ritual dance in the monastery. The last part of the thesis aims at shedding light on the relationship between the monastery and the local community, including both monks and laypersons’ views on the monastery as the changes in lifestyles, beliefs, economic progress, and expanded tourism have given the monastery a number of new roles in the community.
2013-09-12T10:19:46Z
2013
2013-06-05
2013-09-11
10000-01-01
Master thesis
Sonam, Wangmo. Lhagang Monastery in Myth, History and Contemporary Society. Masteroppgave, University of Oslo, 2013
http://hdl.handle.net/10852/37025
info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft.au=Sonam, Wangmo&rft.title=Lhagang Monastery in Myth, History and Contemporary Society&rft.inst=University of Oslo&rft.date=2013&rft.degree=Masteroppgave
URN:NBN:no-37864
182350
Fulltext https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/37025/1/Xxxxsilangwengmuxsxthesis-small.pdf
eng
Dette dokumentet er ikke elektronisk tilgjengelig etter ønske fra forfatter. Tilgangskode/Access code A
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oai:www.duo.uio.no:10852/38825
2017-12-08T09:19:17Z
com_10852_93
com_10852_87
col_10852_105
urn:hdl:10852/38825
Klu in Tibet: Beliefs and Practices
Luodanduojie, Xxx
Klu
in
Tibet
The topic of my thesis is the klu as perceived in Tibetan worldview and as the object of cult. The klu is one of the most emblematic classes of supernatural forces in the world of deities and spirits in Tibet, and their influence on the social-religious life of the Tibetans is significant. They are believed to embody such natural resources and territories as forests, springs, fountains, lakes, oceans, hills, mountains, and even solitary old trees. Particular focus is put on the historical background of the klu as portrayed in textual sources, actual concepts and practices connected with the klu as they appear in the area of study. Specific attention is given to the problems of classifying the klu in Tibetan cosmology and the ambivalence connected with this class of beings. Further, this study also discusses how beliefs and practices of the klu are evident not only in texts, religious rituals and but also in everyday activities. As the main themes of this research, I intend to delineate the role of the klu in the Tibetan cultural area primarily based on religious texts as well as local perceptions, supplemented by individual accounts and practices in Kyagya (sKya rgya) , a Tibetan village in Jantsa (gCan tsha) Tibetan autonomous County in Amdo (A mdo), and in the Tibetan communities nearby. This study, is divided into five sections on the basis of the following themes: an introduction to the study being chapter one, a general background to the study being chapter two, the virtuous klu and the non-virtuous aspects of the klu being chapter three, ritual practices being chapter four, and a concluding chapter. The first chapter presents a general introduction to the study by presenting a general overview of the cult of the klu in Tibet, the importance of this current research, research history, materials and methodology used in this study, experiences and outcomes from fieldwork research, bias and reliability of the material and ends with an outline of this study. The second chapter centers on the general background to the klu cult providing some insights into its characteristics as described in the Tibetan literary tradition. This chapter first provides a general sketch of the Indian background of the klu followed by sections reflecting on its Tibetan background, typological considerations, cosmological classification, and caste division presenting different viewpoints on how it originated, and how it survived and adapted to the ever-changing socio-religious life of the Tibetan people. The third chapter discusses the klu in two categories: one is the klu on the side of virtue, supported by their divine characteristics and positive aspects in the Tibetan cultural context. The other type is the klu on the side of non-virtuous and demonic, supported by presenting the negative aspects of the klu, such as their destructive aspects connected with disease, as well as environmental and weather-related disasters. The fourth chapter focuses on topics surrounding ritual practices concerning the klu and provides descriptions of relevant texts.
2014-03-11T22:10:13Z
2013
2014-03-11T22:10:13Z
3013-11-30
Master thesis
Luodanduojie, Xxx. Klu in Tibet: Beliefs and Practices. Master thesis, University of Oslo, 2013
http://hdl.handle.net/10852/38825
URN:NBN:no-42273
Fulltext https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/38825/9/Lotan---29-11-13-final.pdf
eng
Dette dokumentet er ikke elektronisk tilgjengelig etter ønske fra forfatter. Tilgangskode/Access code A
closedaccess
oai:www.duo.uio.no:10852/37906
2018-08-02T22:08:58Z
com_10852_93
com_10852_87
col_10852_105
urn:hdl:10852/37906
A Study of Bilingual Education in Secondary Schools in Rebgong, Qinghai Province (Amdo), PRC
This study discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the teaching models currently in use in secondary schools in Rebgong, (Ch. Tongren) in Malho (rMma lho) Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province, P.R. China. Even though the education system in Rebgong is relatively developed in terms of the modernization of facilities and the number of schools, there are still many problems and challenges. This is particularly the case with regard to the system of bilingual education and the implementation of government educational policies. There is still no common framework for bilingual education in Tibetan secondary schools, or even a decision about which bilingual teaching model should be followed. This ambiguity in policy towards local bilingual education raises a number of important questions, but little research has been done on its effects.
The thesis starts with a brief presentation of the contemporary educational system for minorities in China, and points to some of the common problems and challenges in the implementation of educational policies. Issues such as the language of instruction, need for qualified teachers, quality of the textbooks, and the level of students’ performances during exams will then be discussed in the context of bilingual education in Rebgong. The two different bilingual education models in Regbong secondary schools will be assessed through an examination of the students’ attainment during the zhongkao and gaokao exams. Then, the main arguments provided by students, parents and teachers regarding the choice of bilingual education model will be presented. Finally, some reflections will be made on the actual implementation of the two models. An educational system that takes local traditional culture, educational history, and local reality into proper consideration is vital for improving the level of Rebgong modern education and developing Rebgong society both economically and culturally.
2013-12-05T11:17:05Z
2013
2013-09-10
2013-12-03
10000-01-01
Master thesis
Guanqusjiancuo, Gyatso XXX. A Study of Bilingual Education in Secondary Schools in Rebgong, Qinghai Province (Amdo), PRC. Masteroppgave, University of Oslo, 2013
http://hdl.handle.net/10852/37906
info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft.au=Guanqusjiancuo, Gyatso XXX&rft.title=A Study of Bilingual Education in Secondary Schools in Rebgong, Qinghai Province (Amdo), PRC&rft.inst=University of Oslo&rft.date=2013&rft.degree=Masteroppgave
URN:NBN:no-39912
184781
Fulltext https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/37906/1/thesis.pdf
eng
KLAUSULERING: Dokumentet er klausulert grunnet lovpålagt taushetsplikt. Tilgangskode/Access code C
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oai:www.duo.uio.no:10852/37907
2018-08-02T22:10:29Z
com_10852_93
com_10852_87
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urn:hdl:10852/37907
Contemporary Weaving Traditions in Shora Village, Dranang County, TAR
Hanna Havnevik
This thesis documents the traditional craft of weaving with a particular focus on the production of nampu (snam bu), a woolen fabric made from sheep wool, which is an important and popular textile among Tibetans. Nampu are mainly used for the making of traditional Tibetan costumes, garments and boots. The most famous area for nampu textiles in Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) is Dranang (Grwa nang) County in Lhoka (Lho kha) Prefecture. I have chosen to focus on the production of nampu in Shora (Zho rwa), one of the villages in Dranang County with a long history of producing and trading high quality nampu. Even nowadays, nampu production is the most important income generating activity in the village and constitutes a significant proportion of the total income.
The thesis begins with an introduction of Shora village, a brief background sketch of the history of making nampu and an account of the historical trade of nampu in the village. Then, I provide detailed descriptions of the different types of nampu and the raw material used in the production. Main focus will be given to an examination of the process of making nampu. I will illustrate how the textiles are traditionally made starting from the shearing of the sheep, spinning of the wool, to the weaving and sewing of clothes. The last part of my thesis will be devoted to a presentation of the Sunshine Nampu Weaving Factory in Dranang before I sum up with some reflections on the most important changes in production, marketing, and trade.
Whereas the craft of nampu production has been relatively well preserved in Shora, the transformation of the society in Tibet and the marketing of nampu has altered the production, consumption, and the meaning of nampu. By documenting the traditions as well as the contemporary changes, I am trying to draw attention to this largely unrecorded tradition and possible ways for the preservation of traditional artistic and technical standards for textiles in Tibet.
2013-12-05T11:17:07Z
2013
2013-09-10
2013-12-03
10000-01-01
Master thesis
Yixilamu, Yeshe Xxx. Contemporary Weaving Traditions in Shora Village, Dranang County, TAR. Masteroppgave, University of Oslo, 2013
http://hdl.handle.net/10852/37907
info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft.au=Yixilamu, Yeshe Xxx&rft.title=Contemporary Weaving Traditions in Shora Village, Dranang County, TAR&rft.inst=University of Oslo&rft.date=2013&rft.degree=Masteroppgave
URN:NBN:no-39916
184782
Fulltext https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/37907/1/thesis.pdf
eng
KLAUSULERING: Dokumentet er klausulert grunnet lovpålagt taushetsplikt. Tilgangskode/Access code C
forever
closedaccess
oai:www.duo.uio.no:10852/24285
2017-12-12T14:43:25Z
com_10852_93
com_10852_87
col_10852_105
urn:hdl:10852/24285
Tibetan Mortuary Tradition in Contemporary Lhasa
Hanna Havnevik
This thesis discusses religious beliefs and practices related to funeral rites among present Lhasa Tibetans. The study is based on materials gathered during a five months field work in Lhasa.Tibetan funeral has long been known to outsiders for such distinctive practices as the so-called sky burial, i.e. dead bodies taken to the charnel ground for the vultures to devour. However, the focus in this thesis will not be limited to the rituals undertaken on the charnel ground. Instead, this thesis is aimed to understand the mutual relation between concepts of death and mortuary traditions in contemporary Lhasa. The first part of thesis gives detailed depictions of the funeral practices in Lhasa, which contains the rituals and practices in the different four stages of the funeral conduct: rituals at moment of dying, the rites before the disposal of the dead, the rites on the funeral and post-funeral rites. The descriptions of the mortuary traditions are based both on written sources and data collected through interviews and observations of actual practices in contemporary Lhasa. In the second part, the thesis analyzes the daily taboos in Lhasa related to death, funeral traditions and the afterworld. The last part of the thesis suggests several reasons for why funeral practices rapidly revived soon after the Culture Revolution,when all the funeral rites related to religious beliefs were strictly prohibited.
2014-01-09T12:11:17Z
2009
2009-11-13
2014-01-08
Master thesis
Guisaibaimu, X. Tibetan Mortuary Tradition in Contemporary Lhasa. Masteroppgave, University of Oslo, 2009
http://hdl.handle.net/10852/24285
info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft.au=Guisaibaimu, X&rft.title=Tibetan Mortuary Tradition in Contemporary Lhasa&rft.inst=University of Oslo&rft.date=2009&rft.degree=Masteroppgave
URN:NBN:no-24315
96838
nob