Extradition agreements between Member States and third States fall within the competence of Member States, but the ruling in Aleksei Petruhhin (Court of Justice, judgment of 6 September 2016, case C-182/15 [GC]) shows that ...

Recent developments, such as the OW Bunker litigation and the furore surrounding the Australian decision in the Sam Hawk, have made it particularly necessary to re-examine the tenuous relationships and terms which underpin ...

International rules on the safety of shipping have heavily relied on the commercial practices of the various actors and stakeholders in the business. In particular, States have depended on the role of classification societies ...

The primary purpose of this study is to identify the jurisdiction and applicable law over individual employment contracts at sea in Europe Union and Norway and provide guidance for seafarers on obtaining better protections. ...

his thesis gives a detailed definition of the off-hire clause1. This is done in the thesis by comparing the meaning of off-hire in different charter parties such as NYPE2, BIMCO3, Baltime4, Supplytime5 and Shelltime6. As ...

Salvage standard forms are not the only option to be chosen in emergency cases. Depending on circumstances, other types of contractual arrangement can be sought. Ascertainable or fixed priced agreements (lump sum, hourly ...

The legal dispute is whether there exists a legal obligation to update the ECDIS application software for vessels relying on ECDIS as the primary means of navigation. The following is a condensed exposé of the legal dispute: ...

The oil industry is no doubt facing challenges following the low crude price that since mid 2014 have affected the market. This has likely increased the need to monetize assets, vertically integrate businesses or seek other ...

A development of a status of marine insurance warranties in the English law has been a lengthy process. Since the XVIII century, the English insurance warranty regime was governed by such rigid rules, as: the strict ...

A comparative study of the remedies given the innocent party under Norwegian and English law when faced by a breach of contract in terms of non-payment of hire and delay in the delivery of a vessel under time chartering ...

A comparative study of the evolution of liability through the main international conventions and market practice

The thesis examines and compares the liabilities of a CIF seller under English law and a Carrier under the Norwegian Maritime Code Section 300, towards a buyer who has acquired a misdated bill of lading.

The Maritime Labour Convention, 2006, (MLC, 2006) was adopted 23rd February 2006 by the 94th International Labour Conference (ILC) of the International Labour Organization (ILO). The MLC, 2006 sets out minimum requirements ...

English law most likely is still and will continue to be prominent in the world of shipping. That is why an English court decision, especially one that is related to shipping, may be of significant importance to the world ...

This Master Thesis was created because of great personal interest towards marine insurance as such ans cargo insurance in particular. The purpose of this work is to give a proper overview of three legal fields - Norwegian, ...

International sales of commodities, often involve large sums of money and large shipments of goods. The CIF contract has been chosen as subject for my analysis on the ground that it is the contract most commonly used in ...

One of the most complex legal issues arises in the international maritime carriage of goods. The reason of this can be found in the variety of relations in the field and in the different nature of the sources of its legal ...

Piracy is a global phenomenon: an International Maritime Organization (IMO) report advances that in 2013 there were alleged incidents of piracy in areas ranging from the Arabian Sea, the South China Sea, and West Africa ...

The industry of shipping reaches far back in time but the traditional view with a shipowner offering his services is a mere memory. Developing from one actor offering all services more and more players have taken a role ...

Overseas employment workers play an important role in Philippines economy. Nearly ten percent of GDP is contributed by overseas workers remittances. According to the POEA 2010-2014 statistic report, over 400,000 Filipino ...

The carriage of LNG by vessel has become a significant business among the shipping industry. Challenging economic situations as the currently oil crisis or disagreements between gas producers and its neighboring countries ...

March 2nd, 2012. A Committee was appointed by Royal Decree to conduct a review of the Norwegian pilot service and regulations. The Committee was composed by various interest groups involved with the pilot service, and was ...

This paper is divided into five parts; the first part introduces the subject of misdescription in bills of lading, followed by the second part where briefly the role of the bill of lading in the contract of carriage, its ...

The subjects of this thesis are intervention by the Norwegian State in incidents of acute marine oil pollution and public claims for reimbursement subsequent to the governmental intervention.

Given the increased activity in the Arctic region in recent years and the urgent need of regulation that follows, the main purpose of this thesis is to examine the current legal situation in the area with a particular focus ...

The thesis shall discuss P&I Clubs' role in marine pollution incidents. The discussion are given from three aspects: (i) the scope of cover under P&I insurance for marine pollution incidents, which also including the ...

The Thesis explores the expantion by SKULD, a traditional P&I insurer into more commercial markets, including the opening of a Lloyds Syndicate and the expansion plans, including growing the premium to USD 1 Billion in ...

The aim of this thesis is to explore various means of increasing the efficiency of charterparties, both from an economical and an environmental perspective. When the speed of the vessel is reduced, the decrease in bunker ...

An insurance contract is one under which, for some considerations, the policyholder secures to himself some benefit upon the occurrence of an uncertain event beyond his own control and adverse to his interests by transferring ...

This paper reviews, first, if the reputation tool is adequate to avoid average quality pricing of classification services and analyses whether the current system is sufficient to signal the market the actual condition of ...

The aim of this dissertation is to analyze the safe port warranty under the English law. The issues of safe port warranty have always been considered as those that require lengthy legal analysis in practise. This statement ...

This dissertation explores causation in relation to Loss of Hire Insurance, with emphasis on the Loss of Hire conditions contained in the Nordic Marine Insurance Plan.

The subjects of this thesis are intervention by the Norwegian State in incidents of acute marine oil pollution and public claims for reimbursement subsequent to the governmental intervention.

Alegal comparative analysis for arrest of ships between Norway and England.

The Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea (the “Rotterdam Rules”) is the latest convention, even though not yet in force, governing carriage by sea. ”The project is ambitious ...

"…there is all the difference between the contract which a man makes when he hires a boat in which to row himself about and the contract he makes with a boatman that he shall take him for a row." Mackinnon L.J. in Sea and ...

Ports facilitate a waterborne transport which is the backbone of international trade, and thereby the global economy. This vital position in the international trade coupled with their nature as a limited capacity infrastructure ...

Description of the Himalaya clause and its benefits; considerations on benefits for third parties over international uniform law; observations on construction of the clause under the model of the contract for the benefit ...

The main purpose of this dissertation is to compare and analyze principles, rules and case law applicable to time charter indemnity provisions in situations where the shipowner incurs greater liability for bills of lading ...

The thesis looks at the governmental marine pilotage service in Norway with focus on the arrangement and the administration of the service and the factors that can potentially shift the liability for damage arising from a ...

Arbitration is consensual by nature. Therefore, arbitration agreement is usually binding on the parties privy to the contract containing the arbitration clause. Nevertheless, general principles of contract law allow for ...

The recent catastrophic oil pollution arising from the explosion of the Deepwater Horizon oilwell in the Gulf of Mexico on 20 April 2010, and a series of oil spills that began on June 4, 2011 at Bohai Bay of China have ...

In the modern commercial world guarantees have become an important instrument. Guarantees are not limited to those given by a bank in the commercial world. Guarantees may also be issued by a parent company on behalf of a ...

Subsequent to the formation of a charterparty, extraordinary events might occur. These events may radically and significantly alter the nature of the contractual rights and obligations of the parties. The aim of the study ...

Back to back can be defined as a rule of construction by which in appropriate circumstances the wording of the reinsurance agreement is to be construed in the same way as the wording of the underlying policy. The discussion ...

As a whole, the current thesis presents us with a comparative analysis of the Norwegian and Brazilian TP domestic regulations; in the context of the Convention for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of ...

This text analyses the requirements laid down in the contracts of insurance of Norwegian and English P&I clubs. Such a comparative analysis provides an understanding of the convergence and divergence of the rules applied ...

Shipbuilding, being one of the oldest industries in the world, consists of more than just of building a ship. Many yards around the world design, build, test and repair ships. And even one project to build a ship consists ...

With Arctic sea ice melting at rates faster than ever before, global climate change is opening up the polar region with its vast hydrocarbon resources to increased oil & gas exploration, exploitation and navigation. The ...

This thesis highlights legal challenges connected to the use of Private Contracted Armed Security Personnel (PCASP) on board merchant vessels. Use of PCASP became relevant in the mid-2000s due to the increase of piracy ...

The shipping market is characterized by high fluctuation range and obvious periodicity, which affects not only the fleet planning of shipowners but also the charterers ability to meet their obligations. When the market ...

The main objective of this thesis is to analyze how different jurisdictions conduct these environmental impact assessments. Not only are they crucial components of the planning stage of oil companies, these studies are ...

GUARDCON is a standardised contract designed for use between shipowners and private maritime security providers, published in March 2012 by BIMCO, a non-governmental organisation made up of members from various participants ...

One of the main functions of a commercial contract has always been to allocate risk. This is true of contracts used in almost any industry or commercial enterprise. The oil and gas industry however, presents a unique set ...

It is within the framework of the discipline called tort law that the rules of compensation for damages are to be found. The Swedish general tort law is subsidiary, which means that laws that in the light of the question ...

The thesis consists of two parts which are closely interlinked together. Firstly, there is a description of the successful safety regimes in offshore oil and gas operations in Norway and the UK. These two offshore safety ...

The thesis presents the main aspects connected with the knock-for-knock clauses used in the offshore sector and focus on how these provisions are treated in the United States (US) and Norwegian legal systems. The ...

The topic of this thesis is to examine identifiction problems in marine insurance related to assured and his servants together with a focus on shipowning entities and shipmanagement organisation. For the sake of simplicity, ...

The present master thesis deals with jurisdictional issues of Georgian and EU Member States’ national courts on private international maritime litigations involving Georgian and EU elements. The paper discusses on several ...

Marine salvage is a fascinating area of the maritime industry and involves aspects that are unique compared to similar undertakings ashore. It is different because ashore there are rescue services available at any time, ...

Under the jurisdiction of the EU competition law, the IG has been through two completed investigations, which were recorded as the 1985 Commission Decision and the 1999 Commission Decision. The Pooling Agreement and the ...

The thesis focuses on carrier's liability for delay in United Nations Convention of Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea, as known as the Rotterdam Rules, in comparison with other related international conventions and ...

The use of loan agreements will be a necessity when financing offshore wind projects in Norway. For financial institutions, it will be important to have proper security for their loans. This is feasible though with mortgages ...

Today it is common practice for the carrier to sub-contract the contracted carriage of goods. For the carrier to perform the carriage himself is now more of an exception. That the carrier will use only one type of transport ...

China has been announced to be the world’s largest shipbuilder in 2010. However, I understood that, the research on builder’s risk insurance, which aims to protect the shipbuilding industry, is unfortunately quite limited. ...

When charterer parties are drawn up they will almost always specify which countries law they would like to govern the contract and which jurisdiction any disputes will be heard. As previously discussed, countries have ...

The aim of this document is to analyse the peculiar features of the English and the Norwegian P&I Clubs from a comparative perspective. In particular, this study approaches how the following three topics are dealt with by ...

Reinsurance is a global business by nature. It operates on the macroeconomic level and spread the risks not only between companies but also between countries and regions. The situation in the reinsurance market changed ...

This thesis will undertake a comparative study of the new Singapore Ship Sale form with the Norwegian Saleform 1993. The Norwegian form is chosen for comparison as it is the most widely used standard ship sale form today ...

This thesis deals with a topic concerning attached clauses to the Norwegian Marine Insurance Plan (NMIP). The study aims to identify what implications the clauses might have when added to the NMIP on both a general level ...

The main objective with this thesis is to define the scope of the latest round of Iran sanctions, in respect of the provision relating to marine insurance, as enacted by the UN, EU and the US. These sanctions form part of ...

The purpose of this thesis is to research the nature of the ransom paid to Somali pirates and to examine the effects. Here ransom is the sum of money where in the same sea voyage when the ship, cargoes and the crew members ...

In the 17th century, the doctrine of “mare liberum”, introduced by the Dutch jurist Hugo Grotius, formed the basis of the classical international law of the sea. The doctrine claimed that all states are free to use the ...

This thesis discusses the insurance problems raised by the self insurance of the offshore drilling companies, specifically on the fashion of ‘captive’ company. Nonetheless, it is not my intention to address every single ...