The aim of this document is to analyse the peculiar features of the English and the Norwegian P&I Clubs from a comparative perspective. In particular, this study approaches how the following three topics are dealt with by ...

When charterer parties are drawn up they will almost always specify which countries law they would like to govern the contract and which jurisdiction any disputes will be heard. As previously discussed, countries have ...

The main objective with this thesis is to define the scope of the latest round of Iran sanctions, in respect of the provision relating to marine insurance, as enacted by the UN, EU and the US. These sanctions form part of ...

Reinsurance is a global business by nature. It operates on the macroeconomic level and spread the risks not only between companies but also between countries and regions. The situation in the reinsurance market changed ...

This thesis will undertake a comparative study of the new Singapore Ship Sale form with the Norwegian Saleform 1993. The Norwegian form is chosen for comparison as it is the most widely used standard ship sale form today ...

With this study I will attempt to look at the provisions of the new Hong Kong Convention and by comparing them with the basic elements of the Basel Convention see what legal problems there are and if they have been solved ...

The nature of the offshore petroleum activity and the likelihood that both the tortfeasor and the claimant of a potential incident participate in the petroleum activity results in one of the most characteristic features ...

This article contributes to the European debate on exploitative pricing abuses by dominant undertakings. Although it is questionable whether competition policy should interfere with such market behaviour, case law shows ...

The thesis is dealing with legal issues that may arise in a course of chartering of vessels for the offshore special surveys (data collection). The offshore seismic data acquisition is used as the main example. However, a ...

A is building a ship for B. There is a written contract, it is however not registered and neither is the contractual object. When the construction is 97% completed A, which have struggled to handle his incoming claims ...

On 18 October 2006, tramp shipping pools became subject to the enforcement powers of the European Commission by the adoption of Council Regulation 1419/2006. The changes brought about by Council Regulation 1419/2006 generated ...

Analysis and presentation of this thesis is supported by studies of many relevant cases where the major arguments are set around the exclusion clauses concerning the ‘all risks cover’ policy as found in Institute Cargo ...

This paper aim to present an overview of the International Convention on Safety of Life at Sea of 1974 as amended. The purpose is to see to what extent Zanzibar maritime Legislations are in conformity with the International ...

This Thesis looks into the legal Authority for investigation and possible prosecution of seafarers in the event of a Maritime Accident in Norwegian waters, the legal authority in Norwegian Law in relation to International ...

Over the last fifty years the international community has struggled to put into effect an international legal regime for dealing with transport of hazardous substances at sea. The accidents from such transportation are ...

The objective of the thesis is to compare the rules on causation and incidence of loss from a hull insurance perspective in the Nordic countries. As a consequence of there being underlying differences in how these questions ...

Liquefied natural gas, or LNG, is natural gas that has been super-cooled to minus 163 degrees Celsius. This process constrains natural gas to condense into a liquid. Natural gas takes up to 600 times less space once forced ...

In addition to the mortgage of the ship as a security in shipping finance, charterparty has increasingly developed its role as one of the important securities which the creditor will commonly take it as a supplemental ...

This paper discusses the application of Article 81 EC to the tramp shipping sector.This paper is dedicated to my family. I would like to thank my supervisor, Rosa Greaves, and Alla Pozdnakova for their guidance and helpful ...

Every year Norwegian Coastguard vessels are involved in different salvage, towage and environmental damage operations. This thesis identifies the rules involved in such operations, and explores the rules from a Coastguard ...

Traditionally, the nature of shipbuilding contract is regarded as pure sale of goods under English law. According to two English cases, now it appears that it s regarded as a hybrid contract of construction and sale. There ...

The increase in Hijakings of vessels by Pirates has caused a serious concern for cargo owners and insurers alike. This paper will be a comparative analysis of the insurance cover provided by the 1995 Norwegian Cargo Clauses ...

Abstract When a ship is fixed on a voyage charter or time charter, the charterer may use tonnage which has been chartered to him to transport goods owned by third-party cargo owners. This thesis will discuss this situation: ...

In this thesis an overview of specific possibilities to secure a maritime claim available to claimants from all over the world, based on the legal regimes of arrest of ships in Norway and Ukraine, as well as on Rule B ...

The standard Norwegian contracts which are used are the Ship 2000 and New Contract of 1981. Shipbuilding contracts are comprehensive and are so detailed that they are supposed to be able so solve problems without referring ...

The controversial case Achilleas was submitted to The United Kingdom Supreme Court last year after the judgement of the Court of Appeal which was in favour of the owner. The House of Lords surprisingly overturned the ...

This thesis deals with Deliberate or Intentional discharge of oil into the High Sea: It analyses the efficacy of laws and techniques used in detecting and combating the problem. It also compromises a comparative study ...

The thesis examines Norwegian jurisdiction in the Barents Sea and especially deals with the disputed area due to the Norwegian Russian dispute of delimitation of their EEZ's. Furthermore the thesis examines International ...

The purpose of this work will be to illustrate how problematic stowaways are from the shipping industry’s point of view. The ship owner is not only faced with financial liability but also with contractual liability as ...

Contracts used by marine contractors in the offshore installation business are normally detailed and large in size. The contracts deals with complex projects and regulates obligations and economic risk between the parties. This ...

Company A and company B enters into an EPC contract for the supply, installation and commissioning of a process plant. During the execution phase they encounters several problems such as delays and extra costs due to changes ...

The Black Sea is an enclosed sea, which is situated between Europe and Asia and is surrounded by Bulgaria, Georgia, Romania, Russia, Turkey and Ukraine. It is connected to Aegean Sea, Mediterranean Sea and the world oceans ...

Abstract The concept of risk under sea carriage is an important subject under sales law. This due to the fact that when goods are handed over from the seller to a carrier, neither the seller nor the buyer has physical ...

The topic of this paper is insurance to the benefit of a third party, i.e. insurance protecting a person other than the one effecting the insurance contract under P&I (Protection and Indemnity) insurance which is the central ...

The present thesis presents the european directive regarding the financial collateral arrangements and its implementation in Greek and English national law respectively. Furthermore, an evaluaton of its future effect on ...

The aim of this thesis is to assess the efficiency of the conventions regarding their capacity to avoid oil pollution damage caused by vessel´s accident. This assessment will focus on the following conventions: the ...

This thesis will concentrate on discussion and legal analysis of Norwegian and Russian regulations with regard to registration of ships and rights to the ships in different registers of ships. The thesis will specifically ...

There are different ways to transport natural gas. One way is to cool it to a temperature of -162°C and transport it in liquefied form (LNG). This is both a well known and often used method in the shipping industry. It ...

The thesis deals with the consequences of the annulment of Framework Decision 2005/667/JHA. The Community sticks to criminal law as a necessary tool to enforce the Community rules on maritime saftey. Unfortunately, the ...

The UNCITRAL Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods [wholly or partly] by Sea has an ambition of replacing current maritime regimes and expands the application of the Convention to include also ...

THESIS RESUME For the Mexican people the petroleum is not just a hydrocarbon, but part of their national identity. It is a kind of patriotic symbol and a main part of their sovereignty. This is reflected in their Constitution ...

The objective of the thesis is to examine the International Convention on Civil Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage – the Bunker Convention – that implements a liability and compensation regime for pollution damage ...

The development phase of an offshore oil field involves a series of contracting activities which are no less complex than the projects themselves. Along the years, this has lead to an area of expertise for the legal ...

"Conditions of Use" are standardised contracts which are utilised within several areas of shipping. This thesis analyses the conditions issued by gas terminals to shipowners, allocating risks arising during the vessel's ...

This thesis assesses the situation and potential success in legal practice of one major invention in the maritime industry, namely, the electronic bill of lading by taking into consideration developments of the relevant ...

One of the main challenges of Mexico is the development of its Petroleum System. A mixture of a bad administration, corruption and a highly restricted juridical scheme has, technically and financially, collapsed the industry. ...

The objective of this thesis is to analyse the local content requirements in the Brazilian upstream oil industry. This analysis focuses on the requirements set forth in the Concession Agreements drafted by the National Oil ...

The “charterer’s liability insurance” is a type of marine insurance. Most ships are chartered either on a time charter or voyage charter contract. In both cases the charterer assumes liabilities towards the shipowner because ...

Maritime transportation is the oldest of the transportation forms of moving larger quantities of cargo with long tradition and culture. As ancient as the transport at sea, so is also the history of pirates. Some say that ...

The contractual relationship between the shipowner and the shipmanager. Furthermore the legal relationship between third party claimants and shipmanager and/or shipowner, hereunder questions of jurisdiction and choice of ...

The exploitation of the seas for human trade and for transport of illegal drugs, weapons and endangered species has grown exponentially during the past 20 years. These illegal activities have a negative impact on the ...

The scope of this paper is on the one hand, to gather in one place and to shortly present the most important legal norms that are linked to environmental management, following the path EU – Norwegian national, regional and ...