Arbitration is consensual by nature. Therefore, arbitration agreement is usually binding on the parties privy to the contract containing the arbitration clause. Nevertheless, general principles of contract law allow for ...

The main purpose of this dissertation is to compare and analyze principles, rules and case law applicable to time charter indemnity provisions in situations where the shipowner incurs greater liability for bills of lading ...

The Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea (the “Rotterdam Rules”) is the latest convention, even though not yet in force, governing carriage by sea. ”The project is ambitious ...

Back to back can be defined as a rule of construction by which in appropriate circumstances the wording of the reinsurance agreement is to be construed in the same way as the wording of the underlying policy. The discussion ...

Subsequent to the formation of a charterparty, extraordinary events might occur. These events may radically and significantly alter the nature of the contractual rights and obligations of the parties. The aim of the study ...

The recent catastrophic oil pollution arising from the explosion of the Deepwater Horizon oilwell in the Gulf of Mexico on 20 April 2010, and a series of oil spills that began on June 4, 2011 at Bohai Bay of China have ...

In the modern commercial world guarantees have become an important instrument. Guarantees are not limited to those given by a bank in the commercial world. Guarantees may also be issued by a parent company on behalf of a ...

"…there is all the difference between the contract which a man makes when he hires a boat in which to row himself about and the contract he makes with a boatman that he shall take him for a row." Mackinnon L.J. in Sea and ...

Description of the Himalaya clause and its benefits; considerations on benefits for third parties over international uniform law; observations on construction of the clause under the model of the contract for the benefit ...

As a whole, the current thesis presents us with a comparative analysis of the Norwegian and Brazilian TP domestic regulations; in the context of the Convention for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of ...

Ports facilitate a waterborne transport which is the backbone of international trade, and thereby the global economy. This vital position in the international trade coupled with their nature as a limited capacity infrastructure ...

The thesis looks at the governmental marine pilotage service in Norway with focus on the arrangement and the administration of the service and the factors that can potentially shift the liability for damage arising from a ...