Abstract
Introduction: Around 4000 people in Norway use an ocular prosthesis today. The aim of this project thesis is to evaluate the differences between Norway and other parts of the world regarding indications for eye removal, production, customization and availability of ocular prostheses. Materials and method: Information about practices outside of Norway was obtained through internet search (PubMed and other search engines) and existing literature. Information from Norway was based on visits in the clinic and interviews with physicians at Oslo University Hospital, and health personnel working in the ocular prosthesis production company Maine Grip AS. Results: The most frequent indications of eye removal in developed countries were malignancy, trauma and end stage eye disease. In developing countries trauma and infections are important indications. In most developed countries the costs of surgery and for the ocular prosthesis are covered by the health authorities. In many parts of the world the patients have to cover the expenses themselves if they don’t have medical insurance. Mass produced “stock eyes” are an inexpensive alternative to a customized prosthesis. In some countries cryolite glass is the preferred prosthesis material. In Norway most prothesis are made of poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA). Discussion: The indications for eye removal vary between areas of the world and is dependent on the economic status of the country, the health system and degree of conflict or war in the country. Eye protheses are made of glass or acrylate, and both materials have certain advantages and disadvantages. The customization separates between custom prosthetics and «stock eyes», where the custom prosthesis is a better option, but not available everywhere. The availability varies from country to country dependent on how the government covers health costs, health systems and the number of ocularists in the country.