The macro- and microstructural architecture of human brain white matter undergoes substantial alterations throughout development and ageing. Most of our understanding of the spatial and temporal characteristics of these ...

Contemporary models of health development highlight the importance of understanding health as a developmental process that continues throughout life and can be modified during developmental windows or by crucial events. ...

The present thesis gathers findings from three empirical studies in which we examined the cognitive basis of individual differences in phasic and tonic pupil cognitive responses. Some previous studies have reported a ...

Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is often associated with life-long medical, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral changes. Although long-lasting disabilities are expected, research on effective ...

Refugees and asylum seekers have been resettled in European countries in vast numbers since the beginning of the ‘refugee crisis’ of 2015, the largest group originating from Syria. The needs of this group are complex, ...

Background Over the last decades, due to high rates of immigration, many high-income countries have witnessed demographic shifts towards more cultural diversity in the population. Socio-economic deprivation ...

Avhandlingen omhandler TIB for barn i alderen 5-11 år og baserer seg på analyser av blant annet 108 terapisesjoner med barna. I fire kvalitative delstudier blir betydningen av felles fokus, sentrale tema i terapiprosessene ...

Objective: The focus of the current study was to examine cognitive functioning by objective and subjective measures in adolescents with chronic fatigue (CF) and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). The results were compared ...

Bakgrunn: Traumefokusert kognitiv atferdsterapi (TF-CBT) har vist seg som en effektiv behandlingsmodell for barn og unge med posttraumatisk stresslidelse (PTSD). Få studier har sett på hvilke dysfunksjonelle tanker som er ...

Participating in a welcoming and creative community may mean the world to some. The musical project Kaleidoscope (Fargespill) gives children with minority backgrounds an arena for meaning-making, identity development and ...

All traffic safety work conducted in Norway is based on the goal that nobody should be killed or severely injured in a traffic crash. According to this philosophy, called “Vision Zero”, road authorities will work proactively ...

Adolescence is a transitional period, recognized in virtually all human societies, that marks the transition from childhood to adulthood. Adolescents undergo substantial changes in psychological traits and behavior, and ...

Illicit use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) has become widespread and is considered a public health problem worldwide. Approximately 30% of AAS users develop a dependence syndrome characterized by a maladaptive pattern ...

There has recently been increased interest in chatbots addressing health-related needs. Chatbots are software that simulate a human conversation, through text or voice. There is substantial potential for chatbots to improve ...

Background Recommended treatment for adolescent anorexia nervosa (AN) is usually family-based and an overarching treatment aim is to empower the parents to manage the difficult meals and aid their child ...

Background A growing number of studies suggest that social isolation and loneliness are associated with premature mortality and are more prevalent among people with mental illness than in the general population, outlining ...

The relationship between executive function (EF) and social difficulties in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is investigated in the current thesis. Executive dysfunction is one of the cognitive ...

To date, research on individual differences in susceptibility to extremism has typically focused on contextual perspectives and on clinical or maladaptive personality profiles including psychopathology. In addition, the ...

With recent experiences of war, abuse and perilous journeys, unaccompanied asylum-seeking minors seek protection, safety and sustainable futures. Omland investigated the young persons' concerns, efforts and challenges to ...

Background The quality of maternal-infant bonding is related to important child outcomes. The literature has assumed that the ability to form relationships is a relatively stable trait, and research studies have suggested ...

Several studies have shown that unbalanced bilinguals activate both of their languages simultaneously during L2 processing; however, evidence for L2 activation while participants are tested exclusively in their L1 has been ...

The aim of this thesis is to inquire into the subjective experience of avoidant personality disorder. The approach is qualitative and interpretative phenomenological, with an ongoing focus on researcher reflexivity. A ...

The restructuring and optimization of the cerebral cortex from early childhood and through adolescence is an essential feature of human brain development, underlying immense cognitive improvements. Beyond established ...

Background Families can experience the postpartum period as overwhelming and many report a special need for support. The Newborn Behavioral Observation (NBO) aims to promote a positive parent-infant relationship by sensitising ...

The aim of this doctoral thesis was to expand our understanding of how men in treatment for violence against their female partner experience the relationship to their children. We were interested in how men who were in ...

Early‐onset psychosis disorders are serious mental disorders arising before the age of 18 years. Here, we investigate the largest neuroimaging dataset, to date, of patients with early‐onset psychosis and healthy controls ...

Background Siblings and parents of children with neurodevelopmental disorders are at risk of mental health problems and poorer family communication. Some group interventions for siblings exist, but few have clearly described ...

Aim: This study aimed to develop a questionnaire to assess parental beliefs about children's emotions and to investigate how culture influences these beliefs by assessing parents in Moscow, Russia and Oslo, Norway. Method: ...

We compared two non-overlapping data sets: (a) the semantic categories in representative samples of nominal classification languages (N = 334); and in a non-overlapping population (b) semantic category-specific impairments ...

Background Schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) share substantial neurodevelopmental components affecting brain maturation and architecture. This necessitates a dynamic lifespan perspective in which brain ...

Bakgrunn: Kama muta (sanskrit: å bli beveget av kjærlighet) er et fagbegrep for det vi på norsk kaller å bli rørt. Navnet fanger essensen i denne emosjonen som oppstår som en reaksjon på å oppleve eller være vitne til at ...

Kama muta (sanskrit: å bli beveget av kjærlighet) er et fagbegrep for det vi på norsk kaller å bli rørt. Navnet fanger essensen i denne emosjonen som oppstår som en reaksjon på å oppleve eller være vitne til at et ...

In mothers, offspring cues are associated with a powerful reinforcing value that motivates maternal care. Animal studies show that this is mediated by dopamine release into the nucleus accumbens, a core component of the ...

Aim​: This study aimed to develop a questionnaire to assess parental beliefs about children's emotions and to investigate how culture influences these beliefs by assessing parents in Moscow, Russia and Oslo, Norway. Method: ...

Background Exercise may improve cardiorespiratory fitness in people with schizophrenia, however, possible condition-specific cardiorespiratory disadvantages, a scarcity of methodologically sound studies, and conflicting ...

Previous structural and functional neuroimaging studies have implicated distributed brain regions and networks in depression. However, there are no robust imaging biomarkers that are specific to depression, which may be ...

Women are at significantly greater risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease and show higher prevalence of autoimmune conditions relative to men. Women’s brain health is historically understudied, and little is therefore known ...

Background Bipolar offspring are considered a high-risk group for developing mental disorders. Developmental outcomes result from additive and interactive effects of biological vulnerability and environmental influences. ...

This study examined the quality of forensic interviews conducted by specially trained police officers in the Norwegian Barnahus between 2015 and 2017, using the sequential interview (SI) model, a Norwegian version of the ...

Background Mental disorders and individual characteristics such as intelligence and personality are complex traits sharing a largely unknown neuronal basis. Their genetic architectures are highly polygenic and overlapping, ...

Sleep problems are related to the elevated levels of the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) biomarker β-amyloid (Aβ). Hypotheses about the causes of this relationship can be generated from molecular markers of sleep problems identified ...

Bakgrunn: Parallelt med økning i antall barn diagnostisert med kronisk funksjonsnedsettelse, øker også antall søsken til barn med funksjonsnedsettelse. Denne søskenpopulasjonen har økt risiko for psykiske vansker, og ...

To investigate whether changes in serum lipids are associated with cognitive performance in first episode psychosis (FEP) patients during their first year of antipsychotic drug treatment. One hundred and thirty-two ...

The amygdala is a core component in neurobiological models of stress and stress-related pathologies, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). While numerous studies have reported increased amygdala activity following ...

Objective To better understand how persons diagnosed with avoidant personality disorder (AVPD) make sense of the origin and development of their current everyday struggles. Methods Persons with AVPD (N = 15) were ...

Selecting the best design for genetic association studies requires careful deliberation; different study designs can be used to scan for different genetic effects, and each design has its own set of strengths and limitations. ...

Understanding the association between autonomic nervous system [ANS] function and brain morphology across the lifespan provides important insights into neurovisceral mechanisms underlying health and disease. Resting‐state ...

Bakgrunn: Psykiske lidingar er vanleg i den generelle folkesetnaden. Historisk sett har det vorte oversett at dette også inkluderer menneske med autismespekterforstyrring (ASF) og psykisk utviklingshemming. I motsetnad til ...

In the statistical literature, the class of survival analysis models known as cure models has received much attention in recent years. Cure models seem not, however, to be part of the statistical toolbox of perinatal ...

Formål: Formålet med studien er å undersøke betydningen av kollegastøtte. Forskningsspørsmålene er hvordan psykoterapeuter bruker kollegastøtte, og videre hva erfaringer fra deltakelse i en mangeårig kollegagruppe kan si ...

Previous studies on individual differences in pupil size of healthy individuals and their relation to performance have been inconclusive. Using a novel approach, we tested the effect of general cognitive abilities and level ...

Abstract The mechanisms underlying the role of oxytocin (OT) as a regulator of social behavior in mammals are only partly understood. Recently, it has been proposed that OT increases the salience of social stimuli. ...

Aims Impairments in reflective functioning are known to have adverse effects on the ability to display sensitive parenting as a caregiver. Several factors are associated with impairments in reflective functioning, such ...

We investigated “musical effort” with an internationally renowned, classical, pianist while playing, listening, and imagining music. We used pupillometry as an objective measure of mental effort and fMRI as an exploratory ...

Pregnancy involves maternal brain adaptations, but little is known about how parity influences women's brain aging trajectories later in life. In this study, we replicated previous findings showing less apparent brain aging ...

Background The present study examined the association between perinatal obstetric complications and executive dysfunction in early-onset schizophrenia (EOS), compared to healthy controls. Higher incidences ...

Children employ multiple cues to identify the referent of a novel word. Novel words are often embedded in sentences and children have been shown to use syntactic cues to differentiate between types of words (adjective vs. ...

Low academic achievements are predicted by early disadvantages. Because achievement gaps typically escalate with age, early efforts to prevent future academic disadvantages are called for. The current study examines whether ...

Bakgrunn: Selv om depresjon og angstlidelser er blant de vanligste årsakene til sykefravær i Norge, er en stor andel personer med slike lidelser i fullt arbeid. Det kan dermed stilles spørsmål ved om det er andre faktorer ...

Bakgrunn: Psykiske lidingar er vanleg i den generelle folkesetnaden. Historisk sett har det vorte oversett at dette også inkluderer menneske med autismespekterforstyrring (ASF) og psykisk utviklingshemming. I motsetnad til ...

The purpose of this thesis is the investigation of vestibular processing regions during artificial stimulation and rest, with the following questions: 1. Based on current evidence, which regions are involved in vestibular ...

Introduction Post-stroke fatigue (PSF) is a common symptom affecting 23–75% of stroke survivors. It is associated with increased risk of institutionalization and death, and it is of many patients considered among the worst ...

Formål: Formålet ved denne studien var å undersøke forekomsten av, og sammenhengen mellom, foreldrestress og psykiske symptomer hos barn i et klinisk utvalg. Det ble også undersøkt hvorvidt foreldrenes stressnivå og barnets ...

Hovedformålet med denne studien er å undersøke forholdet mellom det psykososiale arbeidsmiljøet og sykefravær blant norske arbeidstakere. Det relativt høye sykefraværet i Norge har store konsekvenser for individet, bedrifter, ...

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe manic-depressive illness. Patients with BD have been shown to have gray matter (GM) deficits in prefrontal, frontal, parietal, and temporal regions; however, the relationship between ...

Bakgrunn: Selv om depresjon og angstlidelser er blant de vanligste årsakene til sykefravær i Norge, er en stor andel personer med slike lidelser i fullt arbeid. Det kan dermed stilles spørsmål ved om det er andre faktorer ...

Bakgrunn: Langtidspotensiering (LTP) antas å være en av hovedmekanismene bak hukommelse og læring. LTP er grundig forstått i dyremodeller, men forskning på LTP i den menneskelige hjerne har vært metodologisk utfordrende. ...

Bakgrunn: Langtidspotensiering (LTP) antas å være en av hovedmekanismene bak hukommelse og læring. LTP er grundig forstått i dyremodeller, men forskning på LTP i den menneskelige hjerne har vært metodologisk utfordrende. ...

Objective The personal self of psychotherapists, that is, experiences of self in close personal relationships and its association with therapists' individual and professional attributes is explored. The study aimed to: ...

We investigated whether children born preterm are at risk for language delay using a sibling-control design in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), conducted by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. ...

Objective: The focus of the current study was to examine cognitive functioning by objective and subjective measures in adolescents with chronic fatigue (CF) and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). The results were compared ...

Sleep and depression are interlinked throughout the lifespan, but very few studies have examined the directionality of the sleep–depression link in children. The aim of the current study was to prospectively examine the ...

Denne studien er en del av et større prosjekt av Fanny Duckert, Kim Edgar Karlsen og Pål Ulleberg. Studenten har bidratt i utviklingen av måleinstrumentene og datainnsamling. Formål: Studiens formål var å undersøke hvilken ...

Persistent medically unexplained symptoms have debilitating consequences for adolescents, dramatically altering their social world and future aspirations. Few studies have focused on social and moral aspects of illness ...

Title: Exploring the effects of yoga for generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), with or without comorbidity: A systematic review of randomised and non-randomised controlled trials. Background: Yoga is a philosophical system ...

Aims: (i) To examine whether mean consumption and prevalence of at-risk drinking are highly correlated across samples of older adults, and (ii) to explore whether sociodemographic and health characteristics of alcohol ...

Objective To examine whether severe mental illnesses (i.e., schizophrenia or bipolar disorder) affected diagnostic testing and treatment for cardiovascular diseases in primary and specialized health care. Methods We ...

Hvordan tar norsk-somaliske foreldre vare på de store barna sine? Til nå har mye av forskningen vært rettet mot utfordrende eller problematiske aspekter ved deres foreldreskapsutøvelse. I dette prosjektet har jeg valgt å ...

I Norge er vold i parforhold et samfunns- og folkehelseproblem, der kvinner er mer utsatt enn menn. På verdensbasis anslås det at en av tre kvinner er utsatt for vold i parforhold. Selv om parforhold i de fleste land ...

Denne hovedoppgaven er forfattet av Ingvild Haugland Øvretveit og Hanna Margrethe Kvarme med tittel “Nonsuicidal self-injury disorder: vurdering av interrater-reliabilitet og diagnosekriteriene ved bruk av CANDI (norsk ...

Denne hovedoppgaven er forfattet av Ingvild Haugland Øvretveit og Hanna Margrethe Kvarme med tittel “Nonsuicidal self-injury disorder: vurdering av interrater-reliabilitet og diagnosekriteriene ved bruk av CANDI (norsk ...

Survivors of traumatic events commonly suffer from long‐term pain and related somatic symptomatology. To test the predominant hypothesis that survivors’ pain comprises sequela of persistent posttraumatic stress symptoms ...

Background The disease burden attributable to mental health problems and to excess or harmful alcohol use is considerable. Despite a strong relationship between these 2 important factors in population health, there are ...

Purpose Stuttering affects people in individual ways, and there are multiple factors which may influence a person’s goals when seeking therapy. Even though there is a common consensus that speech-language pathologists ...

Mental health difficulties are an increasing global challenge, and represent a substantial part of the global burden of disease. In order to tackle these mental health issues, there is a need for mental health interventions ...

Bakgrunn: Parallelt med økning i antall barn diagnostisert med kronisk funksjonsnedsettelse, øker også antall søsken til barn med funksjonsnedsettelse. Denne søskenpopulasjonen har økt risiko for psykiske vansker, og ...

The thickness of the cerebral cortical sheet and its surface area are highly heritable traits thought to have largely distinct polygenic architectures. Despite large-scale efforts, the majority of their genetic determinants ...