Background Mammography screening is the main method for early detection of breast cancer in Norway. Few studies have focused on psychological determinants of both attendance and non-attendance of publicly ...

Background Part-time sick leave (PTSL) where sick-listed individuals work a percentage corresponding to their remaining work capabilities is often used to promote return to work. The effects of PTSL are ...

A substantial minority of intimate partner violence (IPV) victimized women are revictimized by more than one intimate partner (termed multiple partners, MP). This has received limited theoretical and empirical attention. ...

The macro- and microstructural architecture of human brain white matter undergoes substantial alterations throughout development and ageing. Most of our understanding of the spatial and temporal characteristics of these ...

As we age, the brain loses functional specializations and becomes progressively disorganized. Left-right differences in brain function and structure are fundamental features of brain organization thought to reflect ...

Background Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a disabling mood disorder, profoundly affecting a large number of adolescent’s quality of life. To date, no obvious treatment of choice for MDD in adolescents ...

Background Little is known about the influence on outcome of exploration of the patient-therapist relationship (that is, transference work) in psychoanalytic psychotherapy. We hypothesized that depressed ...

Aims: To develop a questionnaire to examine attitudes among employees and managers to include people with various health problems into their work group, and to test the questionnaire in one relevant population within the ...

Background. Whether smoking should be regarded as a risk factor for mental disorders remains unresolved. Prescribed psychotropic drugs can be used as indications for mental disorders. We investigated how smoking was ...

Motion-sound synesthesia is characterized by illusory auditory sensations linked to the pattern and rhythms of motion (dubbed “Mickey Mousing” as in cinema) of visually experienced but soundless object, like an optical ...

Sleep deprivation influences several critical functions, yet how it affects human brain white matter (WM) is not well understood. The aim of the present work was to investigate the effect of 32 hours of sleep deprivation ...

Rationale: For visual perspective taking (VPT) using the avatar task, examinations of neural processes using event related potentials (ERP) indicate a distinction between an early posterior perspective calculation process ...

Children with Down syndrome are at risk of reading difficulties. Reading skills are crucial for social and academic development, and thus, understanding the nature of reading in this clinical group is important. This ...

To capture the core pathology of eating disorders (EDs) in the context of multiple childhood trauma, the aim of this study was to describe variation and common features in the lived experiences of ED patients with childhood ...

Early-Onset Schizophrenia (EOS) and Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are early- onset neurodevelopmental disorders associated with cognitive deficits. The current study represents the first attempt to compare ...

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine potential differences in the predictors of expressive vocabulary development between children with Down syndrome and typically developing children to support preparation ...

Little is known about how healthy aging affects decision making. Here we studied how the social economic decisions of younger (19–39 years) and older (75–100 years) adults depend on the intentions of agents and the outcomes ...

There is consensus about the positive effects of high quality Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) on children’s development, particularly for children from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. However, limited knowledge ...

Background Knowledge about the psychosocial experiences of sick-listed workers in the first months of sick leave is sparse even though early interventions are recommended. The aim of this study was to explore psychosocial ...

Abstract The Roadmap for Mental Health and Wellbeing Research in Europe (ROAMER) identified child and adolescent mental illness as a priority area for research. CAPICE (Childhood and Adolescence Psychopathology: unravelling ...

Early vocabularies typically contain more nouns than verbs. Yet, the strength of this noun-bias varies across languages and cultures. Two main theories have aimed at explaining such variations; either that the relative ...

Background Internationally, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) is commonly used to assess the frequency and severity of depressive symptoms. However, psychometric properties of the Norwegian version ...

This thesis provides genetically informative data that political and prejudicial attitudes are extensions of deeper traits. We find that specific political attitudes (related to monopolizing territory and resources for the ...

Introduction Successful inhibition of distracting emotions is important for preserving well‐being and daily functioning. There is conflicting evidence regarding the impact of healthy aging on emotional inhibition, and ...

Background Quality of life and self-esteem are functional domains that may suffer when having mental problems. In this study, we examined the change in quality of life and self-esteem when targeting anxious ...

Background Autism is characterised not only by impaired social cognitive ‘empathising’ but also by superior rule-based ‘systemising’. These cognitive domains intertwine within the categorical diagnosis of ...

Background Family-based outpatient treatment is usually recommended as the treatment of choice when a child develops anorexia nervosa. However, some young persons will inevitably require higher levels of ...

Indirect genetic effects from relatives may result in misleading quantifications of heritability, but can also be of interest in their own right. In this paper we propose Trio-GCTA, a model for separating direct and indirect ...

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate potential barriers and facilitators for implementing motivational interviewing (MI) as a return to work (RTW) intervention in a Norwegian social insurance setting. ...

Computerized cognitive training (CCT) combined with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has showed some promise in alleviating cognitive impairments in patients with brain disorders, but the robustness and ...

Across two experiments, an adult informant presented 220 preschoolers (34–71 months of age) with either a correct claim or an incorrect claim about how to activate a music box by using one of two toy figures. Children were ...

Investigating commonalities in underlying pathology of cognitive dysfunction and negative symptoms in schizophrenia is important, as both are core features of the disorder and linked to brain structure abnormalities. We ...

It has been argued that sports contexts may be suitable venues for reducing intercultural hostility, including its more extreme forms, yet empirical evidence remains scarce. The present study investigated the main and ...

Acculturation is commonly conceptualized as a two-way process in which all groups involved in intercultural contact change. Yet, very little is known about the acculturation orientations of majority-group members and the ...

There has been a recent surge of interest in social chatbots, and human–chatbot relationships (HCRs) are becoming more prevalent, but little knowledge exists on how HCRs develop and may impact the broader social context ...

Purpose An accurate differentiation of brain glioma grade constitutes an important clinical issue. Powerful non-invasive approach based on diffusion MRI has already demonstrated its feasibility in glioma grade stratification. ...

Abstract Both in philosophy and in cognitive psychology, models of moral judgment posit that individuals take into account both agents’ intentions and actions’ outcomes. The present research focused on a third crucial piece ...

This study is a Mixed Method Study where we combine elements of qualitative and quantitative research approaches to investigate Kids’ Digital Lives During COVID-19 Times (KiDiCoTi) a research project coordinated by the ...

The ability to mentally rotate objects in space is a fundamental cognitive capacity. Previous studies showed that the time to rotate the image of a figure to match another increases progressively with angular disparity. ...

Purpose On average, boys have lower academic achievement than girls. We investigated whether the timing of puberty is associated with academic achievement, and whether later puberty among boys contributes to the sex ...

The present study explores the viability of using tablets in assessing early word comprehension by means of a two‐alternative forced‐choice task. Forty‐nine 18–20‐month‐old Norwegian toddlers performed a touch‐based word ...

Aims We explored past-year cannabis use and associated characteristics, focusing on legalization attitudes, use intentions, risk perceptions, and possible dependence among Norwegian university/college students. Methods We ...

Background Prenatal exposure to toxic metals or variations in maternal levels of essential elements during pregnancy may be a risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ...

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and family-based studies have revealed partly overlapping genetic architectures between various psychiatric disorders. Given clinical overlap between disorders, our knowledge of the ...

Tearful crying is a ubiquitous and likely uniquely human phenomenon. Scholars have argued that emotional tears serve an attachment function: Tears are thought to act as a social glue by evoking social support intentions. ...

In this study, we explored how free play and scaffolding practices in Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) related to children’sexternalising problems both in ECEC and later in school.Furthermore, we aimed to reduce ...

There is limited knowledge about sleep in adolescents with elevated levels of anxiety treated within primary health care settings, potentially resulting in sleep problems not being sufficiently addressed by primary health ...

Risk and protective factors for cognitive function in aging may affect how much individuals benefit from their environment or life experiences by preserving or improving cognitive abilities. We investigated the relations ...

Abstract Purpose Current knowledge of the effect of prenatal caffeine exposure on the child’s neurodevelopment is contradictory. The current study aimed to study whether caffeine intake during pregnancy ...

Aim: The recent nationally implemented clinical pathways for the treatment of substance use problems in Norway require mapping and assessing of patients’ needs, challenges, and resources. However, there is a lack of ...

Background Self-report data on mental distress indicate a deterioration of population mental health in many countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. A Norwegian epidemiological diagnostic psychiatric interview survey was ...

Background:No studies have examined the underlying structure or predictive validityof the Cognitive Therapy Adherence and Competence Scale (CTACS). Examining thestructure of the CTACS is of great relevance because it ...

The present study (a) addressed difficulties in speech fluency in children with Down syndrome and typically developing children at a similar non-verbal level and (b) examined the association between difficulties with speech ...

Abstract Given the concerns raised regarding the effects of prenatal exposure to methadone and buprenorphine on the developmental outcomes of the children, this study assessed mental health and use of services in a national ...

Background The etiology of schizophrenia (SZ) is proposed to include an interplay between a genetic risk for disease development and the biological environment of pregnancy and birth, where early adversities may contribute ...

Severe obesity has been associated with reduced performance on tests of verbal memory in bariatric surgery candidates. There is also some evidence that bariatric surgery leads to improved verbal memory, yet these findings ...

Background Communities of Practice (CoPs) focus on learning, knowledge sharing, and creation, and research indicates they can improve healthcare performance. This article describes the development of a CoP ...

When people experience rare medical conditions or variations, searching online may be the only way to find others with similar experiences. This study examines what happens when people do just that. The dataset for the ...

Abstract Abnormalities in amygdala volume are well-established in schizophrenia and commonly reported in bipolar disorders. However, the specificity of volumetric differences in individual amygdala nuclei is ...

Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is often associated with life-long medical, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral changes. Although long-lasting disabilities are expected, research on effective ...

Contemporary models of health development highlight the importance of understanding health as a developmental process that continues throughout life and can be modified during developmental windows or by crucial events. ...

The present thesis gathers findings from three empirical studies in which we examined the cognitive basis of individual differences in phasic and tonic pupil cognitive responses. Some previous studies have reported a ...

Refugees and asylum seekers have been resettled in European countries in vast numbers since the beginning of the ‘refugee crisis’ of 2015, the largest group originating from Syria. The needs of this group are complex, ...

Background Over the last decades, due to high rates of immigration, many high-income countries have witnessed demographic shifts towards more cultural diversity in the population. Socio-economic deprivation ...

Avhandlingen omhandler TIB for barn i alderen 5-11 år og baserer seg på analyser av blant annet 108 terapisesjoner med barna. I fire kvalitative delstudier blir betydningen av felles fokus, sentrale tema i terapiprosessene ...

The content and experience of partnered sex may likely change as couples age, which can lead to sexual distress but also greater intimacy and sexual quality (Lodge & Umberson, 2012). The overall purpose of this thesis is ...

Background: Conflict with parents is frequent in adolescent depression, and has been shown to predict poor treatment outcomes. Attachment Based Family Therapy (ABFT) is a manualised treatment for adolescent depression ...

Objective: The focus of the current study was to examine cognitive functioning by objective and subjective measures in adolescents with chronic fatigue (CF) and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). The results were compared ...

Bakgrunn: Traumefokusert kognitiv atferdsterapi (TF-CBT) har vist seg som en effektiv behandlingsmodell for barn og unge med posttraumatisk stresslidelse (PTSD). Få studier har sett på hvilke dysfunksjonelle tanker som er ...

Background Adolescent depression is a common mental health problem and there is an urgent need for effective and accessible treatments. Internet-based interventions solve many obstacles for seeking and receiving treatment, ...

Depression is a serious disorder with a high prevalence and recurrence rate. There is a need for preventive treatment, but there are limited treatment options available. This thesis is based on a Norwegian multisite clinical ...

Background Adolescents’ self-defined concerns about their mental health are understudied. Yet gaining insight into the individual concerns of this group could be helpful in providing better services to the ...

To better understand the spread of fake news in the Internet age, it is important to uncover the variables that influence the perceived truth of information. Although previous research identified several reliable predictors ...

In this thesis, predictors of early onset of drinking and excessive drinking, and the prospective relationship between early and excessive drinking and important life outcomes in young adulthood were examined. Data were ...

Background Long-term sickness absences burden the economy in many industrialized countries. Both educational attainment and health behaviors are well-known predictors of sickness absence. It remains, however, ...

This dissertation examines the effect and utility of implementing a systematic idiographic assessment approach, called Assert, in adolescent primary mental health services. Assert focuses primarily on administering one ...

Background Aggregation of amyloid β into plaques in the brain is one of the earliest pathological events in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The exact pathophysiology leading to dementia is still uncertain, but the apolipoprotein ...

Background The quality of maternal-infant bonding is related to important child outcomes. The literature has assumed that the ability to form relationships is a relatively stable trait, and research studies have suggested ...

This study investigates whether fathers’ adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and attachment style reported during pregnancy predict fathers’ perception of child behavior assessed 12 months postpartum, expressed by the ...

Participating in a welcoming and creative community may mean the world to some. The musical project Kaleidoscope (Fargespill) gives children with minority backgrounds an arena for meaning-making, identity development and ...

All traffic safety work conducted in Norway is based on the goal that nobody should be killed or severely injured in a traffic crash. According to this philosophy, called “Vision Zero”, road authorities will work proactively ...

Adolescence is a transitional period, recognized in virtually all human societies, that marks the transition from childhood to adulthood. Adolescents undergo substantial changes in psychological traits and behavior, and ...

Background Many studies detect associations between parent behaviour and child symptoms of anxiety and depression. Despite knowledge that anxiety and depression are influenced by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental ...

Illicit use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) has become widespread and is considered a public health problem worldwide. Approximately 30% of AAS users develop a dependence syndrome characterized by a maladaptive pattern ...

Background Recommended treatment for adolescent anorexia nervosa (AN) is usually family-based and an overarching treatment aim is to empower the parents to manage the difficult meals and aid their child ...

Background A growing number of studies suggest that social isolation and loneliness are associated with premature mortality and are more prevalent among people with mental illness than in the general population, outlining ...

Siblings of children with chronic disorders are at increased risk of experiencing family communication problems and poorer mental health. We assessed initial feasibility, acceptability, and outcomes of SIBS; a manual-based ...

The relationship between executive function (EF) and social difficulties in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is investigated in the current thesis. Executive dysfunction is one of the cognitive ...

There has recently been increased interest in chatbots addressing health-related needs. Chatbots are software that simulate a human conversation, through text or voice. There is substantial potential for chatbots to improve ...

With recent experiences of war, abuse and perilous journeys, unaccompanied asylum-seeking minors seek protection, safety and sustainable futures. Omland investigated the young persons' concerns, efforts and challenges to ...

Background: Brain health is a multi-faceted concept used to describe brain physiology, cognitive function, mental health and well-being. Diseases of the brain account for one third of the global burden of disease and are ...

To date, research on individual differences in susceptibility to extremism has typically focused on contextual perspectives and on clinical or maladaptive personality profiles including psychopathology. In addition, the ...

Early‐onset psychosis disorders are serious mental disorders arising before the age of 18 years. Here, we investigate the largest neuroimaging dataset, to date, of patients with early‐onset psychosis and healthy controls ...