The macro- and microstructural architecture of human brain white matter undergoes substantial alterations throughout development and ageing. Most of our understanding of the spatial and temporal characteristics of these ...

Background Internationally, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) is commonly used to assess the frequency and severity of depressive symptoms. However, psychometric properties of the Norwegian version ...

The ability to mentally rotate objects in space is a fundamental cognitive capacity. Previous studies showed that the time to rotate the image of a figure to match another increases progressively with angular disparity. ...

Background Family-based outpatient treatment is usually recommended as the treatment of choice when a child develops anorexia nervosa. However, some young persons will inevitably require higher levels of ...

This study is a Mixed Method Study where we combine elements of qualitative and quantitative research approaches to investigate Kids’ Digital Lives During COVID-19 Times (KiDiCoTi) a research project coordinated by the ...

Bakgrunn: Traumefokusert kognitiv atferdsterapi (TF-CBT) har vist seg som en effektiv behandlingsmodell for barn og unge med posttraumatisk stresslidelse (PTSD). Få studier har sett på hvilke dysfunksjonelle tanker som er ...

Objective: The focus of the current study was to examine cognitive functioning by objective and subjective measures in adolescents with chronic fatigue (CF) and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). The results were compared ...

The content and experience of partnered sex may likely change as couples age, which can lead to sexual distress but also greater intimacy and sexual quality (Lodge & Umberson, 2012). The overall purpose of this thesis is ...

Refugees and asylum seekers have been resettled in European countries in vast numbers since the beginning of the ‘refugee crisis’ of 2015, the largest group originating from Syria. The needs of this group are complex, ...

Background Over the last decades, due to high rates of immigration, many high-income countries have witnessed demographic shifts towards more cultural diversity in the population. Socio-economic deprivation ...

Avhandlingen omhandler TIB for barn i alderen 5-11 år og baserer seg på analyser av blant annet 108 terapisesjoner med barna. I fire kvalitative delstudier blir betydningen av felles fokus, sentrale tema i terapiprosessene ...

The present thesis gathers findings from three empirical studies in which we examined the cognitive basis of individual differences in phasic and tonic pupil cognitive responses. Some previous studies have reported a ...

Contemporary models of health development highlight the importance of understanding health as a developmental process that continues throughout life and can be modified during developmental windows or by crucial events. ...

Depression is a serious disorder with a high prevalence and recurrence rate. There is a need for preventive treatment, but there are limited treatment options available. This thesis is based on a Norwegian multisite clinical ...

Background Adolescents’ self-defined concerns about their mental health are understudied. Yet gaining insight into the individual concerns of this group could be helpful in providing better services to the ...

This dissertation examines the effect and utility of implementing a systematic idiographic assessment approach, called Assert, in adolescent primary mental health services. Assert focuses primarily on administering one ...

To better understand the spread of fake news in the Internet age, it is important to uncover the variables that influence the perceived truth of information. Although previous research identified several reliable predictors ...

Background Long-term sickness absences burden the economy in many industrialized countries. Both educational attainment and health behaviors are well-known predictors of sickness absence. It remains, however, ...

In this thesis, predictors of early onset of drinking and excessive drinking, and the prospective relationship between early and excessive drinking and important life outcomes in young adulthood were examined. Data were ...

Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is often associated with life-long medical, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral changes. Although long-lasting disabilities are expected, research on effective ...

Background Aggregation of amyloid β into plaques in the brain is one of the earliest pathological events in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The exact pathophysiology leading to dementia is still uncertain, but the apolipoprotein ...

Hopelessness is an important symptom of adolescent depression, being associated with both risk of suicide and poor treatment response, but predictors of hopelessness are understudied. Conflict with parents is common in ...

Background The quality of maternal-infant bonding is related to important child outcomes. The literature has assumed that the ability to form relationships is a relatively stable trait, and research studies have suggested ...

The aim of this thesis is to inquire into the subjective experience of avoidant personality disorder. The approach is qualitative and interpretative phenomenological, with an ongoing focus on researcher reflexivity. A ...

Background Families can experience the postpartum period as overwhelming and many report a special need for support. The Newborn Behavioral Observation (NBO) aims to promote a positive parent-infant relationship by sensitising ...

Recency effects are well documented in the adult and infant literature: recognition and recall memory are better for recently occurring events. We explore recency effects in infant categorization, which does not merely ...

With recent experiences of war, abuse and perilous journeys, unaccompanied asylum-seeking minors seek protection, safety and sustainable futures. Omland investigated the young persons' concerns, efforts and challenges to ...

Early‐onset psychosis disorders are serious mental disorders arising before the age of 18 years. Here, we investigate the largest neuroimaging dataset, to date, of patients with early‐onset psychosis and healthy controls ...

Background Siblings and parents of children with neurodevelopmental disorders are at risk of mental health problems and poorer family communication. Some group interventions for siblings exist, but few have clearly described ...

Several studies have shown that unbalanced bilinguals activate both of their languages simultaneously during L2 processing; however, evidence for L2 activation while participants are tested exclusively in their L1 has been ...

Bakgrunn: Parallelt med økning i antall barn diagnostisert med kronisk funksjonsnedsettelse, øker også antall søsken til barn med funksjonsnedsettelse. Denne søskenpopulasjonen har økt risiko for psykiske vansker, og ...

Background Schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) share substantial neurodevelopmental components affecting brain maturation and architecture. This necessitates a dynamic lifespan perspective in which brain ...

Previous structural and functional neuroimaging studies have implicated distributed brain regions and networks in depression. However, there are no robust imaging biomarkers that are specific to depression, which may be ...

Background Exercise may improve cardiorespiratory fitness in people with schizophrenia, however, possible condition-specific cardiorespiratory disadvantages, a scarcity of methodologically sound studies, and conflicting ...

Background Bipolar offspring are considered a high-risk group for developing mental disorders. Developmental outcomes result from additive and interactive effects of biological vulnerability and environmental influences. ...

This study examined the quality of forensic interviews conducted by specially trained police officers in the Norwegian Barnahus between 2015 and 2017, using the sequential interview (SI) model, a Norwegian version of the ...

The restructuring and optimization of the cerebral cortex from early childhood and through adolescence is an essential feature of human brain development, underlying immense cognitive improvements. Beyond established ...

Nigeria and Norway are different in cultural ideologies, gender egalitarianism, human development, justice administration, but the similarities in high prevalence of intimate partner sexual violence (IPSV) in both countries ...

The aim of this doctoral thesis was to expand our understanding of how men in treatment for violence against their female partner experience the relationship to their children. We were interested in how men who were in ...

We compared two non-overlapping data sets: (a) the semantic categories in representative samples of nominal classification languages (N = 334); and in a non-overlapping population (b) semantic category-specific impairments ...

Women are at significantly greater risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease and show higher prevalence of autoimmune conditions relative to men. Women’s brain health is historically understudied, and little is therefore known ...

Background Mental disorders and individual characteristics such as intelligence and personality are complex traits sharing a largely unknown neuronal basis. Their genetic architectures are highly polygenic and overlapping, ...

In mothers, offspring cues are associated with a powerful reinforcing value that motivates maternal care. Animal studies show that this is mediated by dopamine release into the nucleus accumbens, a core component of the ...

Background The present study examined the association between perinatal obstetric complications and executive dysfunction in early-onset schizophrenia (EOS), compared to healthy controls. Higher incidences ...

Title: Exploring the effects of yoga for generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), with or without comorbidity: A systematic review of randomised and non-randomised controlled trials. Background: Yoga is a philosophical system ...

To investigate whether changes in serum lipids are associated with cognitive performance in first episode psychosis (FEP) patients during their first year of antipsychotic drug treatment. One hundred and thirty-two ...

Bakgrunn: Kama muta (sanskrit: å bli beveget av kjærlighet) er et fagbegrep for det vi på norsk kaller å bli rørt. Navnet fanger essensen i denne emosjonen som oppstår som en reaksjon på å oppleve eller være vitne til at ...

Kama muta (sanskrit: å bli beveget av kjærlighet) er et fagbegrep for det vi på norsk kaller å bli rørt. Navnet fanger essensen i denne emosjonen som oppstår som en reaksjon på å oppleve eller være vitne til at et ...

Research suggests that some people, particularly those on the political right, tend to blatantly dehumanize low-status groups. However, these findings have largely relied on self-report measures, which are notoriously ...

Children employ multiple cues to identify the referent of a novel word. Novel words are often embedded in sentences and children have been shown to use syntactic cues to differentiate between types of words (adjective vs. ...

Sleep problems are related to the elevated levels of the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) biomarker β-amyloid (Aβ). Hypotheses about the causes of this relationship can be generated from molecular markers of sleep problems identified ...

Aim​: This study aimed to develop a questionnaire to assess parental beliefs about children's emotions and to investigate how culture influences these beliefs by assessing parents in Moscow, Russia and Oslo, Norway. Method: ...

Aim: This study aimed to develop a questionnaire to assess parental beliefs about children's emotions and to investigate how culture influences these beliefs by assessing parents in Moscow, Russia and Oslo, Norway. Method: ...

Participating in a welcoming and creative community may mean the world to some. The musical project Kaleidoscope (Fargespill) gives children with minority backgrounds an arena for meaning-making, identity development and ...

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe manic-depressive illness. Patients with BD have been shown to have gray matter (GM) deficits in prefrontal, frontal, parietal, and temporal regions; however, the relationship between ...

Aims Impairments in reflective functioning are known to have adverse effects on the ability to display sensitive parenting as a caregiver. Several factors are associated with impairments in reflective functioning, such ...

Objective To examine whether severe mental illnesses (i.e., schizophrenia or bipolar disorder) affected diagnostic testing and treatment for cardiovascular diseases in primary and specialized health care. Methods We ...

Persistent medically unexplained symptoms have debilitating consequences for adolescents, dramatically altering their social world and future aspirations. Few studies have focused on social and moral aspects of illness ...

Aims: (i) To examine whether mean consumption and prevalence of at-risk drinking are highly correlated across samples of older adults, and (ii) to explore whether sociodemographic and health characteristics of alcohol ...

Denne studien er en del av et større prosjekt av Fanny Duckert, Kim Edgar Karlsen og Pål Ulleberg. Studenten har bidratt i utviklingen av måleinstrumentene og datainnsamling. Formål: Studiens formål var å undersøke hvilken ...

Background and aims No previous studies have examined the prospective association between disposable income and binge‐drinking initiation among adolescents. We aimed to examine whether there is such an association and, ...

Sleep and depression are interlinked throughout the lifespan, but very few studies have examined the directionality of the sleep–depression link in children. The aim of the current study was to prospectively examine the ...

Low academic achievements are predicted by early disadvantages. Because achievement gaps typically escalate with age, early efforts to prevent future academic disadvantages are called for. The current study examines whether ...

Bakgrunn: Psykiske lidingar er vanleg i den generelle folkesetnaden. Historisk sett har det vorte oversett at dette også inkluderer menneske med autismespekterforstyrring (ASF) og psykisk utviklingshemming. I motsetnad til ...

Introduction Post-stroke fatigue (PSF) is a common symptom affecting 23–75% of stroke survivors. It is associated with increased risk of institutionalization and death, and it is of many patients considered among the worst ...

Formål: Formålet ved denne studien var å undersøke forekomsten av, og sammenhengen mellom, foreldrestress og psykiske symptomer hos barn i et klinisk utvalg. Det ble også undersøkt hvorvidt foreldrenes stressnivå og barnets ...

The amygdala is a core component in neurobiological models of stress and stress-related pathologies, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). While numerous studies have reported increased amygdala activity following ...

Objective The personal self of psychotherapists, that is, experiences of self in close personal relationships and its association with therapists' individual and professional attributes is explored. The study aimed to: ...

Formål: Formålet med studien er å undersøke betydningen av kollegastøtte. Forskningsspørsmålene er hvordan psykoterapeuter bruker kollegastøtte, og videre hva erfaringer fra deltakelse i en mangeårig kollegagruppe kan si ...

Objective: The focus of the current study was to examine cognitive functioning by objective and subjective measures in adolescents with chronic fatigue (CF) and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). The results were compared ...

Understanding the association between autonomic nervous system [ANS] function and brain morphology across the lifespan provides important insights into neurovisceral mechanisms underlying health and disease. Resting‐state ...

Bakgrunn: Selv om depresjon og angstlidelser er blant de vanligste årsakene til sykefravær i Norge, er en stor andel personer med slike lidelser i fullt arbeid. Det kan dermed stilles spørsmål ved om det er andre faktorer ...

Bakgrunn: Selv om depresjon og angstlidelser er blant de vanligste årsakene til sykefravær i Norge, er en stor andel personer med slike lidelser i fullt arbeid. Det kan dermed stilles spørsmål ved om det er andre faktorer ...

Bakgrunn: Psykiske lidingar er vanleg i den generelle folkesetnaden. Historisk sett har det vorte oversett at dette også inkluderer menneske med autismespekterforstyrring (ASF) og psykisk utviklingshemming. I motsetnad til ...

In the statistical literature, the class of survival analysis models known as cure models has received much attention in recent years. Cure models seem not, however, to be part of the statistical toolbox of perinatal ...

We investigated “musical effort” with an internationally renowned, classical, pianist while playing, listening, and imagining music. We used pupillometry as an objective measure of mental effort and fMRI as an exploratory ...

Hovedformålet med denne studien er å undersøke forholdet mellom det psykososiale arbeidsmiljøet og sykefravær blant norske arbeidstakere. Det relativt høye sykefraværet i Norge har store konsekvenser for individet, bedrifter, ...

Abstract The mechanisms underlying the role of oxytocin (OT) as a regulator of social behavior in mammals are only partly understood. Recently, it has been proposed that OT increases the salience of social stimuli. ...

Bakgrunn: Langtidspotensiering (LTP) antas å være en av hovedmekanismene bak hukommelse og læring. LTP er grundig forstått i dyremodeller, men forskning på LTP i den menneskelige hjerne har vært metodologisk utfordrende. ...

Bakgrunn: Langtidspotensiering (LTP) antas å være en av hovedmekanismene bak hukommelse og læring. LTP er grundig forstått i dyremodeller, men forskning på LTP i den menneskelige hjerne har vært metodologisk utfordrende. ...

The purpose of this thesis is the investigation of vestibular processing regions during artificial stimulation and rest, with the following questions: 1. Based on current evidence, which regions are involved in vestibular ...

Objective To better understand how persons diagnosed with avoidant personality disorder (AVPD) make sense of the origin and development of their current everyday struggles. Methods Persons with AVPD (N = 15) were ...

Previous studies on individual differences in pupil size of healthy individuals and their relation to performance have been inconclusive. Using a novel approach, we tested the effect of general cognitive abilities and level ...

Selecting the best design for genetic association studies requires careful deliberation; different study designs can be used to scan for different genetic effects, and each design has its own set of strengths and limitations. ...

Pregnancy involves maternal brain adaptations, but little is known about how parity influences women's brain aging trajectories later in life. In this study, we replicated previous findings showing less apparent brain aging ...

We investigated whether children born preterm are at risk for language delay using a sibling-control design in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), conducted by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. ...

The thickness of the cerebral cortical sheet and its surface area are highly heritable traits thought to have largely distinct polygenic architectures. Despite large-scale efforts, the majority of their genetic determinants ...

Denne hovedoppgaven er skrevet som en del av profesjonsutdannelsen i psykologi ved Universitetet i Oslo. Forfatter er Ingrid Marie Hegdal og veileder for oppgaven er psykologiprofessor Silje Endresen Reme. Tittel: Psykiske ...