Økonomisk atferd i en verden i forandring Norsk økonomi opplever av og til store forstyrrelser eller skift som kan påvirke økonomisk atferd. Et av hovedfunnene i avhandlingen er at konsumatferden i Norge, med inntekt og ...

This paper uses detailed register information on students in lower secondary school in Norway to study the importance of the second moment of individual grade distribution: grade variance. Students receive discrete-value ...

We show how the condition of stationarity may contradict intergenerational equity. By formalizing the intuition that less sensitivity remains for the continuation of the stream if sensitivity for the interests of the present ...

The interest in mitigating environmental concerns substantially increased over the past years and more governments propose the introduction of additional environmental taxation. This development raises the important question ...

Household consumption is affected by monetary policy through different channels. This thesis aims to identify the cash-flow channel of monetary policy and how household consumption is affected by a change in the policy ...

We consider incentives for organizing competitions in multiple rounds, focusing on situations where there is heterogeneity among the contestants ex ante, which discourages effort in a single contest. Heterogeneity evolves ...

We study the consequences of age-dependent preferences for economic growth and structural change in a two-sector model with overlapping generations and non-dimishing returns to capital. Savings and accumulation rates depend ...

We examine the investment rule that must be satisfied by an efficient and egalitarian path in a discrete-time version of the Dasgupta–Heal–Solow model of capital accumulation and resource depletion. In the discrete-time ...

Resilience has become an important topic in many social sciences. Numerous individual choices and economic and demographic outcomes are likely to be influenced by people's resilience. School performance, work absenteeism ...

Violence against women is persisting in many parts of the world. At the same time, there is a global trend of increased female labour force participation. In this paper we study the effect on intimate partner violence of ...

Many statistical agencies routinely produce population forecasts, and revise these forecasts when new data become available, or when current demographic trends indicate that an update is necessary. When the forecaster ...

In this thesis I investigate the inequality in opportunity for income in Norway. In contrast to studies utilizing Roemer's (1993) identifying monotonicity assumption, I propose a direct measure of effort that does not ...

Using a random judge design and panel data from Norway, we estimate that imprisonment discourages further criminal behavior, with reoffense probabilities falling by 29 percentage points and criminal charges dropping by 11 ...

We consider a principal who faces many identical competitors, and who can distribute a prize fund over two consecutive contests. The winner of contest one gains an advantage in contest two where his effort is more productive ...

Background: Several studies of how reproductive factors affect child mortality or other child outcomes have been based on sibling comparisons. With such models one controls for unobserved determinants of the outcome that ...

Parisavtalens klimamål er å holde global oppvarming under 2°C, aller helst 1,5°C. For å nå dette målet har man hovedsakelig fokusert på klimatiltak som retter seg mot å redusere etterspørselen etter fossilt brensel. Global ...

Intimate partner violence affects one out of three women globally. In India, the numbers are even higher. This is not just a major health issue; the economic implications are also an important aspect of it. Actions that ...

I Norge er det politisk enighet om å overføre gods, fra veitransport og over på mer miljøvennlige transportmidler, blant annet jernbane. Et mulig virkemiddel for å få til en slik godsoverføring, kan være å investere i ny ...

I use the model KONSUM-G to simulate reforms in the duty-free arrangement on alcohol and tobacco in Norway. The model consists of a complete demand system for private consumption in Norway, and was originally developed to ...

This paper examines leisure complementarities in the joint retirement decisions of couples by quantifying the effect of the 2011 Norwegian pension reform. The reform abolished an earnings test on early retirement benefits ...

Implementeringen av trinn 1 i Oslopakke 3 den 1. oktober 2017 innebar en generell prisøkning av bomtakstene i Osloringen, men også en innføring av miljø- og tidsdifferensierte takster for første gang. I denne oppgaven ...

An online survey with 115 participants, conducted between February and May 2020, delivered results on second-mover behavior and motivations in sequential games. The survey games were based on games from an experiment by ...

I denne oppgaven kvantifiseres etterspørselseffektene av tiltaket som går under navnet «Oslos nye grunnrute». Tiltaket hadde som hensikt å øke frekvensen i togtrafikken gjennom Oslo og gi et mer punktlig og oversiktlig ...

Denne oppgaven diskuterer hvorvidt elbilsubsidiene er for høye hvis man tar hensyn til at det er nettverkseksternaliteter. I den norske debatten om elbilsubsidier har det blitt hevdet at subsidiene er for høye hvis formålet ...

The sick leave level in Norway is known to be high compared to other countries with similar welfare systems. One of the most important indicators for sick leave is socio-economic standing, and education is an essential ...

Significant amounts of public spending are allocated towards research on climate change, but considerable uncertainties remain. We analyze the strategic role of information acquisition and the determinants of investments ...

Several studies have shown that women and men with two children have lower mortality than the childless, but there is less certainty about mortality, including CVD mortality, at higher parities and meagre knowledge about ...

Our aim in this study was to analyze the importance of childbearing for risk of inflammatory bowel disease. Using data from the Norwegian Population Register and the Norwegian Patient Register, we fitted discrete-time ...

I investigate the impact of assignment to copayment on demand for consultations with general practitioners, for Norwegian individuals at age 16. In addition to study the overall change in demand, I study how the estimated ...

Humans are fundamentally social. Social activities require coordination, possibly leading to multiple equilibria in the form of self-reinforcing patterns of herd behavior. When alternative equilibria differ substantially ...

Denne masteroppgaven undersøker effekten av “Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act” (MGNREGA) på spedbarnsdødelighet i rurale India. MGNREGA er et offentlig sysselsettingsprogram som gir husholdninger ...

Future trends in population size, age structure, regional distribution, and other demographic variables are important for a wide range of planning situations. Hence, many statistical agencies and independent researchers ...

I use the implementation of the BASEL III accord in Norway to study the behaviour of foreign branches when host countries domestic banks face higher capital requirements. Using a government database containing banks financial ...

In social insurance systems that grant workers paid sick leave, physicians act as gatekeepers, supposedly granting sickness certificates to the sick and not to shirkers. Previous research has emphasized the physician's ...

In this article, I explore how to identify zone pricing, highlighting its place in understanding the structure of grocery markets. Different definitions of price zones are discussed in terms of theory, assumptions, ...

This paper addresses the evaluation of intergenerational allocations in an uncertain world. It axiomatically characterizes a class of criteria, named reference-dependent utilitarian, that assess allocations relative to a ...

Denne oppgaven tar for seg allmenngjorte tariffavtaler i Norge i perioden 2004-2019. Det er gjort forsøk på å kartlegge virkeområdet til hver enkelt avtale, for å kunne gi et anslag av hvor mange arbeidere som er berørt. ...

The Norwegian labor union density rate has been falling over the last decades, even though the country's labor unions play a crucial role in tariff agreement negotiations. To understand the drivers of dwindling union density ...

Standard economic theory teaches us that it is efficient for firms to maximize profits, motivated by the traditional Friedman argument that firms social responsibility is to maximize profits and increase the value for their ...

This thesis has revisited the role of union membership, collective agreements and establishment union density for wage levels and dispersion in the period 2004-2011. To investigate the wage effect from these three covariates, ...

De siste 15 årene har andelen unge mottakere av uføretrygd doblet seg. Dette medfører store samfunnsøkonomiske kostnader, både for det offentlige og for personene det gjelder. I 2019 ble folketrygdens totale utgifter for ...

Økonomisk teori tilsier at usikkerhet knyttet til fremtidig inntekt fører til at fremadskuende individer venter med å få barn. I denne oppgaven tester jeg denne hypotesen empirisk, ved å ta utgangspunkt i det norske ...

I denne oppgaven undersøker jeg effektene av innstrammingene i boliglånsforskriften 1. januar 2017. Oppgaven forsøker å belyse om innstrammingen har hatt effekt i form av lavere kreditt- og boligprisvekst, med hovedfokus ...

This thesis explores the possibility of government intervention, in the presence of poverty traps, resulting from indivisibilities in human capital formation and capital market imperfections. Generally, capital markets are ...

Using detailed Norwegian firm level tax data together with trade data, I exploit a natural experiment to isolate the employment effects stemming from a currency depreciation. By comparing manufacturing firms with differential ...

Denne oppgaven undersøker konkurranseforhold i den norske verdikjeden for dagligvarer. Oppgaven tar sikte på å undersøke hvordan prisdiskriminering og importvern virker inn på konkurransen i verdikjeden. Formålet er å ...

Does central bank shocks impact foreign countries? This thesis investigates the transmission of a Euro-region monetary policy shock to foreign countries using a global vector autoregressive (GVAR) model. This is accomplished ...

In this paper, I analyze the question of whether European socially responsible mutual funds outperform or underperform conventional funds between 2010 and 2020. Further, I investigate whether the funds have different ...

Denne oppgaven ser på eksterne kostnader av køkjøring og ulike virkemidler for å redusere dette. Ved hjelp av en teoretisk modell av trafikkvolum og tilgjengelige estimater fra litteraturen gjør jeg en kost-nytte-analyse ...

The literature within development economics generally assumes the hypothesis of an inverse size-productivity relationship of agriculture. Using Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA), this thesis provides an empirical analysis ...

This thesis is aimed at studying how income uncertainty shocks can affect household consumption and saving. By using an extended life cycle model combined with proxies of uncertainty the paper attempts to describe the ...

While redistribution and the need for government revenue typically make up the arguments for the taxation of net wealth, the distortion of savings and the adverse effect on entrepreneurship is by many held up as the gloomy ...

This thesis investigates the welfare effects of using the real exchange rate as a deciding factor in the conduction of monetary policy in a small open economy. A New Keynesian dynamic stochastic general-equilibrium model ...

This thesis will focus on developing a dynamic two-sided search model to describe the marriage market in contemporary China. The situation of the marriage market in China is unique, given the sex ratio imbalance, where it ...

Ved hjelp av aktsomhetskart og skadeberegninger analyseres flomrisiko som følge klimaendringer for Trondheim Spektrum i et hydrologisk og samfunnsøkonomisk perspektiv. Trondheim Spektrum er en arena for sport, næringsliv ...

Merger policy is a permission-granting activity by government in which there may be disincentives to seek permission because of the benefit from having other firms merge. We set up a sequential merger game with endogenized ...

Do people try to avoid unpleasant information about the environmental consequences of their actions? If so, do they react with hostility towards others who provide the unwanted information? Fearing such hostility, do others ...

We construct a dynamic theory of sovereign debt and structural reforms with limited enforcement and moral hazard. A sovereign country in recession wishes to smooth consumption. It can also undertake costly reforms to speed ...

Klimaavtalene Norge har inngått, samt nasjonale målsetninger knyttet til klimagassutslipp og forbruk tyder på at norsk jordbruk må gjennom en omstilling frem mot 2030. For det første har Norge inngått en fleksibel klimaavtale ...

Understanding how the economy affects natural systems, and how changes in these systems feed back to the economy, is at the core of sustainable development strategies. Traditionally, the economics of climate change builds ...

This paper analyzes a game in which countries repeatedly make emission and technology investment decisions. We derive the best equilibrium, that is, the Pareto-optimal subgame-perfect equilibrium, when countries are ...

This thesis contributes to the understanding of how consumers make choices in their spending between a chosen renewable energy for home heating purposes, that is air-air heat pumps and electricity. It investigates how ...

The historically high housing prices in Norway are known for being among the greatest threats to financial stability, and therefore also the macroeconomic stability. Furthermore, one of the key driving factors of housing ...

This thesis investigates gender differences in mathematics among pupils in Norway. The research question is; are there observed differences in mathematical abilities between girls and boys in second grade? If so, can small ...

In recent decades, democratic countries have negotiated hundreds of international treaties and agreements. This paper analyzes the equilibrium design of treaties negotiated by political incumbents seeking reelections. We ...

Statnett eier og drifter det aller meste av det norske transmisjonsnettet. Kostnaden for å bygge, vedlikeholde, drifte og administrere dette nettet blir dekket av flaskehalsinntekter til Statnett og tariff – betalingen for ...

World population in the year 2000 was 6.09 billion, according to recent estimates by the United Nations (UN 2005). This number is almost 410 million lower than the year 2000-estimate that the UN expected in 1973. The UN ...

In "The Theory of Wages" John Hicks presents the situation known as the Hicks Paradox. He argues that strikes were not pareto optimal since a strike will shrink the pie as the employer and the worker pleads over it (Hicks, ...

I use panel data to estimate the long-term effects of the implementation of flexible inflation targeting on house prices. Additional to the standard difference-in-differences regression I apply a dynamic difference-in-differences ...

Economic recessions are costly, and are among other things associated with high unemployment rates, low wage growth, low investment spending and a higher number of bankruptcies. Whether the economy is in a recession or an ...

Under a context of a developing country, I try to disentangle the two mechanisms that drive the negative correlation between wage inequality and welfare generosity. The main mechanism, goes from pre-tax wage inequality to ...

We study the impact of child care for toddlers on the labor supply of mothers and fathers in Norway. For identification, we exploit the staggered expansion across municipalities following a large child care reform from ...