This paper uses detailed register information on students in lower secondary school in Norway to study the importance of the second moment of individual grade distribution: grade variance. Students receive discrete-value ...

Using a random judge design and panel data from Norway, we estimate that imprisonment discourages further criminal behavior, with reoffense probabilities falling by 29 percentage points and criminal charges dropping by 11 ...

Significant amounts of public spending are allocated towards research on climate change, but considerable uncertainties remain. We analyze the strategic role of information acquisition and the determinants of investments ...

Our aim in this study was to analyze the importance of childbearing for risk of inflammatory bowel disease. Using data from the Norwegian Population Register and the Norwegian Patient Register, we fitted discrete-time ...

Several studies have shown that women and men with two children have lower mortality than the childless, but there is less certainty about mortality, including CVD mortality, at higher parities and meagre knowledge about ...

This paper addresses the evaluation of intergenerational allocations in an uncertain world. It axiomatically characterizes a class of criteria, named reference-dependent utilitarian, that assess allocations relative to a ...

We study the consequences of age-dependent preferences for economic growth and structural change in a two-sector model with overlapping generations and non-dimishing returns to capital. Savings and accumulation rates depend ...

Merger policy is a permission-granting activity by government in which there may be disincentives to seek permission because of the benefit from having other firms merge. We set up a sequential merger game with endogenized ...

Do people try to avoid unpleasant information about the environmental consequences of their actions? If so, do they react with hostility towards others who provide the unwanted information? Fearing such hostility, do others ...

We construct a dynamic theory of sovereign debt and structural reforms with limited enforcement and moral hazard. A sovereign country in recession wishes to smooth consumption. It can also undertake costly reforms to speed ...

Klimaavtalene Norge har inngått, samt nasjonale målsetninger knyttet til klimagassutslipp og forbruk tyder på at norsk jordbruk må gjennom en omstilling frem mot 2030. For det første har Norge inngått en fleksibel klimaavtale ...

In "The Theory of Wages" John Hicks presents the situation known as the Hicks Paradox. He argues that strikes were not pareto optimal since a strike will shrink the pie as the employer and the worker pleads over it (Hicks, ...

Understanding how the economy affects natural systems, and how changes in these systems feed back to the economy, is at the core of sustainable development strategies. Traditionally, the economics of climate change builds ...

This paper analyzes a game in which countries repeatedly make emission and technology investment decisions. We derive the best equilibrium, that is, the Pareto-optimal subgame-perfect equilibrium, when countries are ...

This thesis contributes to the understanding of how consumers make choices in their spending between a chosen renewable energy for home heating purposes, that is air-air heat pumps and electricity. It investigates how ...

Using an extension of a circular city model developed by Balasubramanian (1998), this thesis aims to show reasons for why the Norwegian grocery market has not seen the same adaption of online retail as other markets. The ...

This thesis investigates the role of hard- and soft-indicators to address the problem of nowcasting quarterly GDP. Hard indicators may include industrial production or retail sales, while financial series and surveys are ...

In this thesis, I analyse how currency risk affects the optimal management of the Norwegian oil fund. Using stochastic dynamic programming in continuous-time, I am able to derive closed-form solutions for optimal portfolio ...

Competition and financial distress in the banking sector has been a hot topic over the last couple of decades. Banks play a crucial role in the economy and the environment they operate in are constantly changing. 1st of ...

This thesis presents a simple electricity market model designed to calculate the effect of increased transmission capacity between Norway and Germany, and Norway and the UK, on the electricity market in the Nordic countries. ...

Securing open access to research will not remove the fundamental problem that commercial publishers have substantial market power. Thus, even if Plan S is successful, large commercial publishers are likely to put financial ...

In this thesis I attempt to uncover the degree of employer learning in the Norwegian private sector. Employer learning refers to the process where employers learn about the initially unobserved characteristics of their ...

In this thesis I ask the question if countries that liberalize their trade, accelerates their rate of growth, compared to those countries that do not liberalize their trade policy. To investigate this question empirically ...

The articles in the 2019 Nordic Economic Policy Review analyse how the Nordic countries best can contribute to international climate policy. The articles cover topics such as: How can the Nordics help raise the ambitions ...

Life expectancies at birth are routinely computed from period life tables. When mortality is falling, such period life expectancies will typically underestimate real life expectancies, that is, life expectancies for birth ...

We investigate the effect of Head Start on education and wage income for individuals in their 30s in the NLSY79. We contribute to the existing literature by examining effects across the outcome distributions, using an ...

Denne utredningen er en teoretisk kvalitativ analyse av 5 selskapers kompensasjonsordninger for toppledere i tidsperioden 2012-2018. Den overordnede problemstillingen som ønskes besvart er: Mottar topplederne i disse norske ...

The movement of labor resources from one country to another continues to occur in the global world of today through international migration as workers embark upon overseas journeys looking for better employment opportunities, ...

We study how close personal contact with minorities affects in-group and out-group trust in a field experiment in the armed forces. Soldiers are randomly assigned to rooms with or without ethnic minorities. At the end of ...

This thesis analyzes whether development of technology for renewable energy is affected by knowledge flows between firms worldwide. The innovation in renewables are compared to all other inventions in order to see if the ...

Langs kysten på Vestlandet er det høy oppdrettsaktivitet, med en årlig produksjon på rundt 300 584 tonn. Bruken av åpne merder kan føre til flere miljøeffekter, som lakselus, utslipp fra merdene og rømt oppdrettslaks. ...

Several models of the Norwegian system of wage formation are estimated in this thesis. The point of departure is a single-equation error correction model (ECM) for manufacturing wages, while the final model is a simultaneous ...

I 1999 ble et nytt økonomisk samarbeid dannet i Europa - The Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) - den såkalte eurosonen. Teorien om optimale valutaområder (OCA-teorien) har siden 1960-tallet fungert som et sett med økonomiske, ...

Firms make decisions on exports and investments to a destination market based on expected value. At the same time, investors with a high exposure to risk place higher value on firm shares that diversify their risk. How can ...

Norge har de siste årene satset sterkt på vindkraft, og det blir utbygd mer vindkraft enn noen gang. Det er likevel stor debatt og ulike meninger knyttet denne formen for fornybar kraftproduksjon. Der enkelte mener vindkraft ...

I denne oppgaven studerer jeg det norske arbeidsmarkedet i perioden 2004-2013 og undersøker hvorvidt endrede arbeidsvilkår (deltidsarbeid, midlertidige ansettelser, bruk av bemanningsbyrå) er et aspekt ved jobbpolarisering. ...

I denne oppgaven ser jeg på effektene av dereguleringen i offentlig sektor i 1990. Jeg ser nærmere på effektene dereguleringen av lønnsfastsettelsen har hatt på avkastning av erfaring, sannsynligheten for å jobbe i offentlig ...

This thesis seeks to answer whether heterogeneity in Hukou strictness, i.e. differing restrictions on domestic migration, can be shown to have a significant effect on local labour market distortions in China. Through use ...

This thesis investigates causal relationship between real oil prices, real interest rate and unemployment rate in Norway and different counties of Norway (Akershus, Buskerud, Hordaland, Troms, Oslo and Rogaland). By applying ...

It is commonly acknowledged that historically high levels of house prices and household debt pose risks for macroeconomic and financial stability in Norway. This thesis is aimed at understanding what are the driving forces ...

Denne masteroppgaven undersøker hvilken effekt et negativt inntektssjokk har på kjønnsbalansen og barnedødelighet i rurale India. India er land med store forskjeller mellom både sosiale klasser og kjønn. Analysen tar ...

Norwegian parents of preschool children base their care choices on a completely different choice set from their predecessor. Now there is essentially only one type of nonparental care – center-based care – and on the ...

Denne oppgaven undersøker effektene før og etter utvidelsen av Panamakanalen for variablene antall skip gjennom kanalen, størrelsen på skipene og handelsvolumet. Som følge av en økende etterspørsel globalt, har skipsstørrelsene ...

I estimate the short-term effect of customer service chatbots on affected employment in Norwegian municipalities. To do this, I use a dynamic diff-in-diff estimator, which takes into account that the municipalities implemented ...

Abstract: Around the world, journalists uncover corruption, abuse of power, and financial misdealing – often at the risk of serious consequences or under financial constraints. These are also important issues in economic ...

We used a time-series cross-section dataset to test several hypotheses pertaining to the role of macroprudential policy instruments in the management of the financial cycle in advanced open economies. The short-run effects ...

Abstract Quality and reliable energy has been proven to be necessary and important for a high-quality life and for social and economic development. The United Nations sees reliable energy as a crucial area in the millennium ...

As shown by Angeletos and Huo [2018], an incomplete information economy is observationally equivalent to an economy with a myopic and anchoring representative-agent under certain restrictions. Using the seminal model from ...

Background: When analysing effects of maternal age on child outcomes, many researchers estimate sibling models to control for unobserved factors shared between siblings. Some have included birth year in these models, as ...

I denne oppgaven undersøker jeg betydningen av midlertidig jobb som tidlig arbeidserfaring på den videre yrkeskarrieren for unge voksne. Forskningsspørsmålet kan kokes ned til i hvilken grad midlertidig jobb er et springbrett ...

Background: When age-specific mortality falls, period life tables give a distorted view of the life expectancy (LE) and the degree of mortality compression in birth cohorts. Objective: To derive mathematical expressions ...

Denne oppgaven benytter betinget verdsetting med betalingskort for å finne betalingsvillighet for å flytte vindkraft bygget i perioden 2020 – 2030 til havs heller enn på land. Videre undersøker oppgaven respondenters ...

We exploit lottery-determined admission to dental school to estimate the payoffs to the study of dentistry in the Netherlands. Using data from up to 22 years after the lottery, we find that in most years after graduation ...

I argue that most economists pay little attention to epistemological considerations and developments in the philosophy of science when doing their research. Consequently, a number of philosophers of science have been ...

Do people try to avoid unpleasant information about the environmental consequences of their actions? If so, do they react with hostility towards others who provide the unwanted information? Fearing such hostility, do others ...

Scholars have grappled with the question of how parties affect policy. Here I propose and test an instrumental variable approach using rainfall. In Norwegian municipal elections, potential left wing voters are likely to ...

We provide comparable algorithms for the Dekel–Fudenberg procedure, iterated admissibility, proper rationalizability and full permissibility by means of the notions of likelihood orderings and preference restrictions. The ...

We investigate whether positive framing increases cooperation in three social dilemmas with slightly different properties: a linear public goods (PG) game, a non-linear PG game, and a common pool resource (CPR) game. Results ...

Some consequences of childbearing for the parents and children are partly expected by the parents, while others to a larger extent are unexpected. Also, some are rather general while others vary greatly between individuals. ...

Denne artikkelen estimerer sammenhengen mellom automatiseringssannsynlighetene, konstruert av Frey og Osborne, og endringen i sysselsettingen i 348 norske yrker. Ved å se på tidsperioden 2009–2016, finner jeg en negativ ...

This study aimed to assess whether children’s age at their parents’ divorce is associated with depression in early and mid-adulthood, as indicated by medication purchase. A sibling comparison method was used to control for ...

Why do rational politicians choose inefficient policy instruments? Environmental regulation, for example, often takes the form of technology standards and quotas even when cost‐effective Pigou taxes are available. To shed ...

The historically high housing prices in Norway are known for being among the greatest threats to financial stability, and therefore also the macroeconomic stability. Furthermore, one of the key driving factors of housing ...

How much additional tax revenue can the government generate by increasing the level of labor income taxes? In this paper, we argue that the degree of tax progressivity is a quantitatively important determinant of the answer ...

Estimates of poverty in India are crucial inputs for the understanding of world poverty, yet there is much disagreement about the numbers and the legitimacy of methods used to derive them. In this paper, we propose and ...

We adapt recently developed econometric techniques to estimate the distribution of welfare gains from public schools in rural India. Individuals have preferences over school quality and income spent on other goods. In a ...

We believe that what most authors have in mind when referring to the “most redistributive country” is a tax/transfer schedule that is most redistributive across all pre‐tax/transfer income distributions. To measure each ...

We assess the power of forward guidance — promises about future interest rates — as a monetary tool in a liquidity trap using a quantitative incomplete-markets model. Our results suggest the effects of forward guidance are ...

World population in the year 2000 was 6.09 billion, according to recent estimates by the United Nations (UN 2005). This number is almost 410 million lower than the year 2000-estimate that the UN expected in 1973. The UN ...

This article investigates how collective agreements influence wage levels and wage dispersion in Norway using a panel data set, rich on firm and worker information, covering the time period of 1997-2012. As many advanced ...

I use panel data to estimate the long-term effects of the implementation of flexible inflation targeting on house prices. Additional to the standard difference-in-differences regression I apply a dynamic difference-in-differences ...

This thesis investigates gender differences in mathematics among pupils in Norway. The research question is; are there observed differences in mathematical abilities between girls and boys in second grade? If so, can small ...

In recent decades, democratic countries have negotiated hundreds of international treaties and agreements. This paper analyzes the equilibrium design of treaties negotiated by political incumbents seeking reelections. We ...

Statnett eier og drifter det aller meste av det norske transmisjonsnettet. Kostnaden for å bygge, vedlikeholde, drifte og administrere dette nettet blir dekket av flaskehalsinntekter til Statnett og tariff – betalingen for ...

Economic recessions are costly, and are among other things associated with high unemployment rates, low wage growth, low investment spending and a higher number of bankruptcies. Whether the economy is in a recession or an ...

We study the impact of child care for toddlers on the labor supply of mothers and fathers in Norway. For identification, we exploit the staggered expansion across municipalities following a large child care reform from ...

Under a context of a developing country, I try to disentangle the two mechanisms that drive the negative correlation between wage inequality and welfare generosity. The main mechanism, goes from pre-tax wage inequality to ...

This thesis focuses on studying of interpersonal trust level and industry delegation intensity. It explores how interpersonal social trust level favours the value added, exports, and the firm size in the delegation intensity ...

In this thesis I study the role of incentive pay when workers have career concerns. That is, workers have concerns about how their current performance affects employers’ perception about their ability and consequently their ...