The aim of this thesis is to examine heterogeneity in immigration impacts on both the native-born population and the immigrants. It consists of three essays that all use administrative register data from Norway and exploit ...

At the turn of the twentieth century, Norway, like many other countries, experienced a decrease in mortality and a substantial increase in the number of health personnel. In order to assess how these changes were connected, ...

Økonomisk atferd i en verden i forandring Norsk økonomi opplever av og til store forstyrrelser eller skift som kan påvirke økonomisk atferd. Et av hovedfunnene i avhandlingen er at konsumatferden i Norge, med inntekt og ...

This paper uses detailed register information on students in lower secondary school in Norway to study the importance of the second moment of individual grade distribution: grade variance. Students receive discrete-value ...

Denne oppgaven drøfter hvorvidt Norge bør redusere sin oljeutvinning fram mot 2030 av hensyn til klimaet. Oppgaven gjennomgår relevant litteratur på tilbudssidepolitikk, redegjør for norsk oljevirksomhet i dag og diskuterer ...

This paper examines leisure complementarities in the joint retirement decisions of couples by quantifying the effect of the 2011 Norwegian pension reform. The reform abolished an earnings test on early retirement benefits ...

I use the model KONSUM-G to simulate reforms in the duty-free arrangement on alcohol and tobacco in Norway. The model consists of a complete demand system for private consumption in Norway, and was originally developed to ...

In this thesis I investigate the inequality in opportunity for income in Norway. In contrast to studies utilizing Roemer's (1993) identifying monotonicity assumption, I propose a direct measure of effort that does not ...

Denne oppgaven diskuterer hvorvidt elbilsubsidiene er for høye hvis man tar hensyn til at det er nettverkseksternaliteter. I den norske debatten om elbilsubsidier har det blitt hevdet at subsidiene er for høye hvis formålet ...

The sick leave level in Norway is known to be high compared to other countries with similar welfare systems. One of the most important indicators for sick leave is socio-economic standing, and education is an essential ...

Parisavtalens klimamål er å holde global oppvarming under 2°C, aller helst 1,5°C. For å nå dette målet har man hovedsakelig fokusert på klimatiltak som retter seg mot å redusere etterspørselen etter fossilt brensel. Global ...

I Norge er det politisk enighet om å overføre gods, fra veitransport og over på mer miljøvennlige transportmidler, blant annet jernbane. Et mulig virkemiddel for å få til en slik godsoverføring, kan være å investere i ny ...

Implementeringen av trinn 1 i Oslopakke 3 den 1. oktober 2017 innebar en generell prisøkning av bomtakstene i Osloringen, men også en innføring av miljø- og tidsdifferensierte takster for første gang. I denne oppgaven ...

An online survey with 115 participants, conducted between February and May 2020, delivered results on second-mover behavior and motivations in sequential games. The survey games were based on games from an experiment by ...

I denne oppgaven kvantifiseres etterspørselseffektene av tiltaket som går under navnet «Oslos nye grunnrute». Tiltaket hadde som hensikt å øke frekvensen i togtrafikken gjennom Oslo og gi et mer punktlig og oversiktlig ...

Intimate partner violence affects one out of three women globally. In India, the numbers are even higher. This is not just a major health issue; the economic implications are also an important aspect of it. Actions that ...

The interest in mitigating environmental concerns substantially increased over the past years and more governments propose the introduction of additional environmental taxation. This development raises the important question ...

Significant amounts of public spending are allocated towards research on climate change, but considerable uncertainties remain. We analyze the strategic role of information acquisition and the determinants of investments ...

Denne masteroppgaven undersøker effekten av “Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act” (MGNREGA) på spedbarnsdødelighet i rurale India. MGNREGA er et offentlig sysselsettingsprogram som gir husholdninger ...

I investigate the impact of assignment to copayment on demand for consultations with general practitioners, for Norwegian individuals at age 16. In addition to study the overall change in demand, I study how the estimated ...

Humans are fundamentally social. Social activities require coordination, possibly leading to multiple equilibria in the form of self-reinforcing patterns of herd behavior. When alternative equilibria differ substantially ...

Future trends in population size, age structure, regional distribution, and other demographic variables are important for a wide range of planning situations. Hence, many statistical agencies and independent researchers ...

In social insurance systems that grant workers paid sick leave, physicians act as gatekeepers, supposedly granting sickness certificates to the sick and not to shirkers. Previous research has emphasized the physician's ...

Several studies have shown that women and men with two children have lower mortality than the childless, but there is less certainty about mortality, including CVD mortality, at higher parities and meagre knowledge about ...

I use the implementation of the BASEL III accord in Norway to study the behaviour of foreign branches when host countries domestic banks face higher capital requirements. Using a government database containing banks financial ...

In this article, I explore how to identify zone pricing, highlighting its place in understanding the structure of grocery markets. Different definitions of price zones are discussed in terms of theory, assumptions, ...

This paper addresses the evaluation of intergenerational allocations in an uncertain world. It axiomatically characterizes a class of criteria, named reference-dependent utilitarian, that assess allocations relative to a ...

Household consumption is affected by monetary policy through different channels. This thesis aims to identify the cash-flow channel of monetary policy and how household consumption is affected by a change in the policy ...

We show how the condition of stationarity may contradict intergenerational equity. By formalizing the intuition that less sensitivity remains for the continuation of the stream if sensitivity for the interests of the present ...

Violence against women is persisting in many parts of the world. At the same time, there is a global trend of increased female labour force participation. In this paper we study the effect on intimate partner violence of ...

We examine the investment rule that must be satisfied by an efficient and egalitarian path in a discrete-time version of the Dasgupta–Heal–Solow model of capital accumulation and resource depletion. In the discrete-time ...

We consider a principal who faces many identical competitors, and who can distribute a prize fund over two consecutive contests. The winner of contest one gains an advantage in contest two where his effort is more productive ...

Background: Several studies of how reproductive factors affect child mortality or other child outcomes have been based on sibling comparisons. With such models one controls for unobserved determinants of the outcome that ...

Many statistical agencies routinely produce population forecasts, and revise these forecasts when new data become available, or when current demographic trends indicate that an update is necessary. When the forecaster ...

Resilience has become an important topic in many social sciences. Numerous individual choices and economic and demographic outcomes are likely to be influenced by people's resilience. School performance, work absenteeism ...

Ved hjelp av aktsomhetskart og skadeberegninger analyseres flomrisiko som følge klimaendringer for Trondheim Spektrum i et hydrologisk og samfunnsøkonomisk perspektiv. Trondheim Spektrum er en arena for sport, næringsliv ...

Økonomisk teori tilsier at usikkerhet knyttet til fremtidig inntekt fører til at fremadskuende individer venter med å få barn. I denne oppgaven tester jeg denne hypotesen empirisk, ved å ta utgangspunkt i det norske ...

This thesis will focus on developing a dynamic two-sided search model to describe the marriage market in contemporary China. The situation of the marriage market in China is unique, given the sex ratio imbalance, where it ...

Denne oppgaven ser på eksterne kostnader av køkjøring og ulike virkemidler for å redusere dette. Ved hjelp av en teoretisk modell av trafikkvolum og tilgjengelige estimater fra litteraturen gjør jeg en kost-nytte-analyse ...

The Norwegian labor union density rate has been falling over the last decades, even though the country's labor unions play a crucial role in tariff agreement negotiations. To understand the drivers of dwindling union density ...

Standard economic theory teaches us that it is efficient for firms to maximize profits, motivated by the traditional Friedman argument that firms social responsibility is to maximize profits and increase the value for their ...

This thesis has revisited the role of union membership, collective agreements and establishment union density for wage levels and dispersion in the period 2004-2011. To investigate the wage effect from these three covariates, ...

The recent article ‘Satellite conjunction analysis and the false confidence theorem’ (Balch et al. 2019, Satellite conjunction analysis and the false confidence theorem. Proc. R. Soc. A475, 20180565) points to certain ...

De siste 15 årene har andelen unge mottakere av uføretrygd doblet seg. Dette medfører store samfunnsøkonomiske kostnader, både for det offentlige og for personene det gjelder. I 2019 ble folketrygdens totale utgifter for ...

I denne oppgaven undersøker jeg effektene av innstrammingene i boliglånsforskriften 1. januar 2017. Oppgaven forsøker å belyse om innstrammingen har hatt effekt i form av lavere kreditt- og boligprisvekst, med hovedfokus ...

This thesis explores the possibility of government intervention, in the presence of poverty traps, resulting from indivisibilities in human capital formation and capital market imperfections. Generally, capital markets are ...

Using detailed Norwegian firm level tax data together with trade data, I exploit a natural experiment to isolate the employment effects stemming from a currency depreciation. By comparing manufacturing firms with differential ...

Denne oppgaven tar for seg allmenngjorte tariffavtaler i Norge i perioden 2004-2019. Det er gjort forsøk på å kartlegge virkeområdet til hver enkelt avtale, for å kunne gi et anslag av hvor mange arbeidere som er berørt. ...

In this paper, I analyze the question of whether European socially responsible mutual funds outperform or underperform conventional funds between 2010 and 2020. Further, I investigate whether the funds have different ...

Denne oppgaven undersøker konkurranseforhold i den norske verdikjeden for dagligvarer. Oppgaven tar sikte på å undersøke hvordan prisdiskriminering og importvern virker inn på konkurransen i verdikjeden. Formålet er å ...

Does central bank shocks impact foreign countries? This thesis investigates the transmission of a Euro-region monetary policy shock to foreign countries using a global vector autoregressive (GVAR) model. This is accomplished ...

The literature within development economics generally assumes the hypothesis of an inverse size-productivity relationship of agriculture. Using Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA), this thesis provides an empirical analysis ...

This thesis is aimed at studying how income uncertainty shocks can affect household consumption and saving. By using an extended life cycle model combined with proxies of uncertainty the paper attempts to describe the ...

While redistribution and the need for government revenue typically make up the arguments for the taxation of net wealth, the distortion of savings and the adverse effect on entrepreneurship is by many held up as the gloomy ...

This thesis investigates the welfare effects of using the real exchange rate as a deciding factor in the conduction of monetary policy in a small open economy. A New Keynesian dynamic stochastic general-equilibrium model ...

We document a strong empirical relationship between higher income inequality and stronger recessive impacts of fiscal consolidation episodes across time and space. To explain this finding, we develop a life‐cycle economy ...

We propose an adaptation of Hartwick’s investment rule to models with population growth and show that following Hartwick’s rule is equivalent to a time-invariant real per capita net national product. In the so-called DHSS ...

Many countries offer state credit guarantees to support credit-constrained exporters. The policy instrument is commonly justified by governments as a means to mitigating adverse outcomes of financial market frictions for ...

In contest settings, heterogeneity between contestants generally leads to low effort provision, and many instruments have been suggested to restore competitive balance. We suggest that heterogeneity may evolve depending ...

We demonstrate how a probabilistic population forecast can be evaluated, when observations for the predicted variables become available. Statisticians have developed various scoring rules for that purpose, but there are ...

We provide a new estimate of household-level housing wealth in Norway between 1993 and 2015 using an ensemble machine learning method on housing transaction data. The new housing wealth measure is an improvement over ...

Our aim in this study was to analyze the importance of childbearing for risk of inflammatory bowel disease. Using data from the Norwegian Population Register and the Norwegian Patient Register, we fitted discrete-time ...

In this paper, we evaluate the effectiveness of place-based payroll taxes in stimulating local employment by exploiting a unique policy setting in Norway, where a system of geographically differentiated payroll taxes was ...

We estimate the ecosystem service value of water supplied by the San Bernardino National Forest in Southern California under climate change projections through the 21st century. We couple water flow projections from a ...

This paper measures the welfare effects of removing the mortgage interest deduction under a variety of implementation scenarios. To this end, we build a life-cycle model with heterogeneous households calibrated to the U.S. ...

Modeller som beskriver hvordan foreldre med førskolebarn responderer på endringer i familiepolitikken har så langt kun fokusert på morens arbeidstilbud. Underforstått er det dermed moren som er den alternative omsorgspersonen ...

For vestlige markedsøkonomier er koronakrisen en ny type krise, men denne krisen har paralleller til økonomier til andre tider, og til kriser på andre steder. Vi skal her drøfte noen mekanismer fra tidligere makrolitteratur, ...

We address the question in the title in a heterogeneous-agent incomplete-market model featuring exogenous idiosyncratic risk, endogenous skill investment, and flexible labor supply. The tax and transfer schedule is restricted ...

Stortinget vedtok i juni 2020 midlertidige subsidier til investeringer i norsk petroleumsvirksomhet. Bakgrunnen var den lave lønnsomheten som fulgte koronapandemien og en samtidig svekkelse av prissamarbeid. Hensikten skal ...

This paper introduces a novel approach to estimating immigration impacts on natives’ labor market outcomes. Differential language requirements across occupations serve as an arguably exogenous source of variation during ...

Study question: What are the socio-demographic characteristics of families in Norway who have children after assisted reproductive technology (ART), and have these characteristics changed over time? Summary answer: Parents ...

Using a random judge design and panel data from Norway, we estimate that imprisonment discourages further criminal behavior, with reoffense probabilities falling by 29 percentage points and criminal charges dropping by 11 ...

If bioenergy has a less negative impact on the climate than fossil energy, it may be optimal to have a significant increase in the use of bioenergy over time. Due to the difference in the way the climate is affected by the ...

Two traditional theorems of welfare economics posit a trade-off between a government redistribution targets and efficiency. We propose a third ‘claim’ of welfare economics, stating that in closed economies the actual ...