Countries rich in natural resources constitute both growth losers and growth winners. We claim that the main reason for these diverging experiences is differences in the quality of institutions. More natural resources push ...

When the state fails to supply basic security and protection of property, violent entrepreneurs not only seize the opportunity of plundering, but some also enter the protection business and provide protection against ...

We model the symbiotic relationship between criminals and a part- nership of protection providers - the Firm. In the absence of state au- thority, insecurity and crime generate a demand for protection. When the protection ...

I derive the polar representation of Fieller's estimation of confidence sets for ratios and construct a polar plot of the test statistics for all angles associated with the ratios. This procedure helps in visualizing and ...