In spite of a body of research into subscale score reporting at the individual level, there exists a paucity of research into subscale score estimation in international large-scale assessment (ILSA). This dissertation aimed ...

Mixed-worded scales require a more careful reading and answering process than scales with only one type of wording. The present study is about the unintended consequences of using such scales, because typically, not all ...

Although large-scale assessments (LSA) of school achievement claim to measure domain-specific achievement, they have been criticized for primarily measuring domain-general abilities. Numerous studies provide evidence that ...

Abstract The use of response formats in assessments of medical knowledge and clinical reasoning continues to be the focus of both research and debate. In this article, we report on an experimental study in which we address ...

We examined the concurrent relationship between narrative skills (the Renfrew Bus Story Test) and core language measures (vocabulary, grammar and verbal memory) at age 4 and the longitudinal relationship between core ...

This study examines academic teachers' agency and emergency responses, prompted by the physical closure of universities and university colleges due to the COVID-19 crisis. The pandemic-related lockdown accelerated the ...

Abstract Research to date on the effects of between-school tracking on inequalities in achievement and on performance has been inconclusive. A possible explanation is that different studies used different data, focused on ...

The concept of school climate has received much attention as a predictor of educational outcomes, including students’ well-being, academic achievement, and motivation. To measure this concept, international large-scale ...

Written exams in higher education are highly relevant for students, because success in their studies and access to the labour market depend on the exam results. But typical written exams do not do justice to this high ...

Technology acceptance has been widely discussed and examined in educational contexts. Despite the variety of models and measures describing teachers' technology acceptance, two key assumptions persist in the existing body ...

Der Erfassung von Unterrichtsqualität durch Beobachterratings ist in den letzten Jahren viel Aufmerksamkeit zuteilgeworden. Erste Evidenz liegt dabei auch zu deren Variabilität zwischen mehreren Unterrichtsstunden vor. ...

Abstract There are multiple item characteristics, some unrelated to mathematics, that can have an impact on item difficulty. Research into the effect of item characteristics such as number of words and comparative language ...

The item response theory (IRT) framework is commonly used for scoring and equating in high stakes tests to classify individuals into performance categories. However, IRT model misspecification such as assuming unidimensional ...

The estimation of high-dimensional latent regression item response theory (IRT) models is difficult because of the need to approximate integrals in the likelihood function. Proposed solutions in the literature include using ...

This meta-analysis maps the evidence on the effectiveness of instructional approaches and conditions for learning computer programming under three study conditions: (a) Studies focusing on the effectiveness of programming ...

Reporting the reliability of the scores obtained from a scale or test is part of the standard repertoire of empirical studies in psychology. With reliability being a key concept in psychometrics, researchers have become ...

Structural equation modelling (SEM) has become one of the most prominent approaches to testing substantive theories about the relations among observed and/or unobserved variables. Applying this multivariate procedure, ...

The concept of school climate has received much attention as a predictor of educational outcomes, including students’ well-being, academic achievement, and motivation. To measure this concept, international large-scale ...

Previous research has demonstrated the potential of examining log‐file data from computer‐based assessments to understand student interactions with complex inquiry tasks. Rather than solely providing information about what ...

Abstract Purpose The Severity Indices of Personality Problems 118 (SIPP-118) is a self-report questionnaire that aims to measure core components of (mal)adaptive personality functioning that can change over time. ...

Aggressive adolescents are preferable in some Western cultures, whereas Confucianism places great emphasis on the inhibition of aggressive behaviors in Chinese culture. Using the longitudinal social network analysis, we ...

The current study aims to examine the psychometric properties of the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders Module I (SCID-5-AMPD-I) assessing the Level of Personality ...

In a very short time, secondary school education across the globe transitioned to online learning and teaching, in response to the Covid-19 pandemic. This study aims at identifying teacher profiles in secondary education ...

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced a shift to online teaching and learning (OTL) in colleges and universities across the globe, requiring teachers to adapt their teaching in a very short time—independent of whether they were ...

Previous studies of fetal death with maternal influenza have been inconsistent. We explored the effect of maternal influenza-like illness (ILI) in pregnancy on the risk of fetal death, distinguishing between diagnoses ...

The aim of the research described in this paper was to identify qualitatively different profiles of teachers’ general pedagogical knowledge (GPK) as a central component of their competence. We applied a mixed Rasch model ...

Es wird ein Konzept für kompetenzorientierte E-Klausuren vorgestellt, das gekennzeichnet ist durch (1) die Operationalisierung kompetenzorientierter Lernziele, (2) eine kriteriumsorientierte Testwertinterpretation, (3) die ...

In both educational and psychological research, the relation between socioeconomic status (SES) and academic achievement is the most widely examined contextual effect. While several research syntheses have reported evidence ...

Children develop their mathematical competencies already during their early years. Therefore, effective learning environments provided by early childhood teachers are required. Early childhood teachers’ professional ...

International large-scale assessments are very successful. One key factor of this success is their rigorous methodological and psychometric basis. Because education systems worldwide are subject to rapid changes, international ...

This chapter provides a brief overview of national and international large-scale assessment in Norway. Embedded in a range of assessment tools that consist of mapping tests in grades 1–4, national assessments in grades ...

In this paper we examine the relationship between teachers’ knowledge, beliefs and instructional practices based on a study with 495 Chinese pre-service mathematics teachers. The results indicate that Chinese pre-service ...

Der in der TEDS-M-Studie (Teacher Education and Development Study: Learning to Teach Mathematics) entwickelte Test zur Erfassung pädagogischen Wissens am Ende der Lehramtsausbildung hat sich in diversen Untersuchungen als ...

Fixed-precision between-item multidimensional computerized adaptive tests (MCATs) are becoming increasingly popular. The current generation of item-selection rules used in these types of MCATs typically optimize a single-valued ...

Large‐scale assessments such as the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) have field trials where new survey features are tested for utility in the main survey. Because of resource constraints, there is a ...

Die deutschsprachige Unterrichtsforschung unterscheidet bereits seit längerem drei Basisdimensionen der Unterrichtsqualität: Effiziente Klassenführung, konstruktive Unterstützung und Potential zur kognitiven Aktivierung. ...

Previous studies has found that the youngest students perform more poorly, on average, than older peers in school. This phenomenon is known as the relative age effect (RAE). In Norway, the age difference within a grade ...

The ability to construct meaning from texts is the core of reading. We report a meta-analysis and a systematic review of 64 longitudinal studies tracing the development of reading comprehension from preschool. Previous ...

Abstract Most of the research examining the relation between instructional quality (INQUA) and mathematics teachers’ competence was restricted to a limited set of competence facets. Furthermore, mostly variable-oriented ...

Personal characteristics such as test anxiety or test-taking motivation might weaken the validity of results that are obtained in proficiency tests for school (self-) evaluation. Person fit statistics make it possible to ...

Even though equity is an important aim for the Nordic countries, for many of these countries, the effect of a student’s home background on their achievement seems to increase over time. If the aim is to reduce the effect ...

Abstract The paper uses data from the combined TIMSS (Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study) and PIRLS (Progress in International Reading Literacy Study) assessment in 2011 to explore the subject-specific ...

Gender differences in reading are a common finding in international assessments with girls usually outperforming boys. The difference in reading between girls and boys has been highlighted as an educational challenge in ...

In diagnostic classification models (DCMs), the Q matrix encodes in which attributes are required for each item. The Q matrix is usually predetermined by the researcher but may in practice be misspecified which yields ...

In recent years, exclusion rates in PISA have risen in many countries, including a sharper-than-average rise in Norway. This article focuses on Norway’s experience with exclusion rates in PISA, including an analysis tracking ...

This doctoral thesis scrutinizes the content dimension of the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) to explore: “What content-specific profiles can we obtain about the students’ strengths and ...

The goal of this study was to investigate sources of evidence of convergent validity supporting the construct interpretation of scores on a simulation-based information and communication technology (ICT) skills test. The ...

Context The ability to self‐monitor one's performance in clinical settings is a critical determinant of safe and effective practice. Various studies have shown this form of self‐regulation to be more trustworthy than ...

Item context effects refer to the impact of features of a test on an examinee's item responses. These effects cannot be explained by the abilities measured by the test. Investigations typically focus on only a single type ...

Die Fähigkeit, mathematische Inhalte in Spielsituationen der Kindertagesstätte zu identifizieren, um diese für eine angemessene Förderung mathematischer Kompetenzen bei Kindern zu nutzen, kann als ein wesentlicher Bestandteil ...

How teacher characteristics are related to student outcomes may indicate ways to improve the effectiveness of schooling. This paper examines how consistent such relations are by utilizing TIMSS data on five teacher ...

A large research gap exists between psychological research about intelligence on the one hand and educational research about competence on the other hand. Both constructs are only rarely examined within one study. From an ...

Obwohl die Befähigung zu eigenständiger Forschung ein zentrales Ziel des Studiums ist, fehlt es in den Sozialwissenschaften an einem theoretischen Modell von Forschungskompetenz. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde ein fach- ...

Accurate item calibration in models of item response theory (IRT) requires rather large samples. For instance, [Formula: see text] respondents are typically recommended for the two-parameter logistic (2PL) model. Hence, ...

The Openness-Fluid-Crystallized-Intelligence (OFCI) model describes how these different constructs interact over time. One fundamental element in the model is the Environmental Enrichment Hypothesis, which states that more ...

It is currently not entirely clear to what degree the research on multidimensional computerized adaptive testing (CAT) conducted in the field of educational testing can be generalized to fields such as health assessment, ...

This study aims at modeling the self-reported test-taking motivation items in PISA and TIMSS Advanced studies for Swedish students using an IRT approach. In the last two cycles of the assessments, six test-specific items ...

The increasing digitalization in the field of psychological and educational testing opens up new opportunities to innovate assessments in many respects (e.g., new item formats, flexible test assembly, efficient data ...

This article provides an overview of the R package lsasim, designed to facilitate the generation of data that mimics a large scale assessment context. The package features functions for simulating achievement data according ...

This study investigated regional and gender differences in academic achievement in Ethiopia, and examined whether these differences can be explained in terms of unequal educational opportunities (EO). Educational opportunity ...

A large body of literature suggests that attitudes toward technology and its educational use are important determinants of technology acceptance and integration in classrooms. At the same time, teachers' Technological, ...

This article examines the stability of Norwegian prospective preschool teachers’ enjoyment of mathematics and their mathematics-related self-efficacy before, during, and after a teacher-education examination. In addition, ...

Background Fair comparisons of educational systems in large-scale assessments can be made only if the differences in curricula have little impact on the outcomes. This study investigated the sensitivity ...

Background: Progress testing is a longitudinal assessment that aims at tracking students' development of knowledge. This approach is used in many medical schools internationally. Although progress tests are longitudinal ...

Students are exposed to vast amounts of information and knowledge that is rapidly changing. This exposure requires them to be adaptive, that is, to constantly adjust their thinking, behavior, and even their affect to ...

The development of a computerized adaptive test is considered a labor-intensive and time-consuming endeavor. This paper illustrates that this does not have to be the case—by demonstrating the steps taken, the decisions ...

The study presented in the paper has the following goals. The first is to review and compare teacher competence frameworks developed in Eastern (Chinese) and Western (German) contexts, exemplified for the domain of ...

Children with conduct problems and callous-unemotional (CU) traits are at risk for multiple problems. Outcome research and mediation analyses testing for mechanisms of change in CU traits have been limited. We examined ...

As there is currently a marked increase in the use of both unidimensional (UCAT) and multidimensional computerized adaptive testing (MCAT) in psychological and health measurement, the main aim of the present study is to ...

Research on teacher noticing in the field of mathematics education research has increased in the last decade; however, only a few studies have investigated the social and cultural impact on teachers’ noticing. This paper ...

Likeverd er et viktig aspekt ved norsk skole, og forskjeller i prestasjoner knyttet til hjemmebakgrunn er små i Norge sett i et internasjonalt perspektiv. Likevel er det mye som tyder på at dette kanskje er i ferd med å ...

This study offers curriculum developers, teachers and science education researchers a fine-grained profile on strengths and weaknesses in specific science domains and topics. The study involved a representative sample of ...

Several approaches have been proposed for latent class modeling with external variables, including one-step, two-step, and three-step estimators. However, very little is known yet about the performance of these approaches ...

Teaching practice and its representation by videos are a central part of many empirical studies concerning the field of teaching and learning. In order to analyze how videos can help to investigate aspects of teachers’ ...

TIMSS 1995 kan regnes som den første internasjonale undersøkelsen av sitt slag, og i de mer enn 20 årene som har gått, har vi sett en framvekst av flere og mer varierte internasjonale undersøkelser. I dette kapitlet gir ...

TIMSS-undersøkelsene har vist at norske elever på 4. og 8. trinn har hatt en framgang i matematikk- og naturfagprestasjoner siden 2003. Dette kom etter en tilsvarende stor tilbakegang fra 1995 til 2003. I dette kapitlet ...

I Norge går alle barn født det samme året på samme klassetrinn, med veldig få unntak. Dette betyr at forskjell i alder kan være bortimot tolv måneder på det samme trinnet. I idrett og utdanning viser eksisterende litteratur ...

I dette kapitlet undersøker vi sammenhengene mellom læreres kvalitet, deres undervisningskvalitet samt -kvantitet og elevers prestasjoner i naturfag på 5. trinn. TIMSS 2015-rapporten undersøkte en del av disse relasjonene ...

The aim is to describe the development of achievement in compulsory school in the Nordic countries from the 1960s. The study relies on published results concerning literacy and numeracy from the international large-scale ...

The ability to offer constructive feedback to students concerning their errors is an indispensable requirement for mathematics teachers, for the purpose of providing cognitively challenging learning opportunities. However, ...

Position effects (PE) cause decreasing probabilities of correct item responses towards the end of a test. We analysed PEs in science, mathematics and reading tests administered in the German extension to the PISA 2006 study ...

We applied latent class analysis and the rule space model to verify the cumulative characteristic of conceptual change by developing a learning progression for buoyancy. For this study, we first abstracted seven attributes ...

Background The Faces Pain Scale-revised (FPS-r) has been developed as an interval scale. For other pain measurement instruments, several studies found evidence for and against an interval level of measurement. Object ...

Previous studies of individual differences have revealed strong correlations between children's vocabulary and grammatical abilities, and these data have been used to support theoretical accounts positing direct developmental ...

There is an increasing emphasis on the importance of social competence for children's development, well-being, and learning. Thus age- and context-appropriate measures are needed. This study addresses the structural validity ...

While most early childhood education and care (ECEC) programs taken to scale in the United States have served socially disadvantaged 3- to 5-years-olds, Norway scaled up universal ECEC from age 1. We investigated the ...

In countries with universal access to early childhood education and care (ECEC), child participation is high across a range of socioeconomic groups. However, ECEC quality is often varying, and many children spend much time ...

A new response time-based method for coding omitted item responses in computer-based testing is introduced and illustrated with empirical data. The new method is derived from the theory of missing data problems of Rubin ...

Hvilke roller har eksamen i norsk grunnopplæring? I Forskrift til opplæringslova framgår det blant annet at eksamenskarakteren skal fastsette kompetansen til eleven ved slutten av opplæringen i faget. Denne artikkelen viser ...

Artikkelen presenterer de mest sentrale verktøyene for kvalitetsmonitorering som har blitt innført som en del av det «Nasjonale kvalitetsvurderingssystemet for grunnopplæringen» (de nasjonale prøvene, kartleggingsprøvene ...

Many adolescents feel confident about using information and communication technology (ICT) and believe that it can help them to learn and achieve. However, recent research also shows that some adolescents are reporting ...

Literature reviews have concluded that extensive time in early child care is associated with frequent externalizing behavior problems in children. In this article, we address three domains of validity in the work underlying ...