Courts are increasingly important for domestic and international politics. Yet, judicial power is limited by courts’ reliance on other actors to implement their rulings. This dissertation examines the politics of compliance ...

Existing scholarship shows that social background – represented by features such as class, religion, or gender – is an important predictor of political preferences, including party preference, across Western democracies. ...

Hvor går Cuba etter Fidel? Raúl Castros økonomiske reformprogram ble stanset halvveis da kommunistpartiets harde kjerne begynte å frykte at det kunne rive grunnen unna deres politiske maktbasis. Dette er tema for Byes ...

This thesis is motivated by two research gaps. First, while protecting civilians from physical violence is a priority task for almost every military UN peacekeeper, we still know little about how they have fared — in ...

Background To better understand health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in adolescents, it is important to gain knowledge about factors associated with HRQOL. Being involved in bullying is a significant ...

Ethnic wars constitute more than half the civil wars in the post war period. Ethnic and cultural differences between people do not cause conflict per se, but the risk of war increases when they coincide with socioeconomic ...

Most studies of Asian state involvement in Arctic affairs assume that shorter sea-lanes to Europe are a major driver of interest, so this article begins by examining the prominence of shipping concerns in Arctic policy ...

Recent years have seen widespread advances in women’s legal rights in many countries. In other places, restrictions on women’s autonomy remain entrenched. This study explores cross-country patterns in the association between ...

This chapter provides a review of the role of women in Indian politics, with a focus on female legislators. It begins with an account of the entry of women into politics in the early 20th century. Second, it looks at the ...

After the Cold War, the Norwegian Armed Forces was without a job, and a gradual shift turned the Norwegian soldiers away from their initial role-perception of a citizen soldier towards a more professional warrior-role. ...

This thesis is set to explore Kazakhstan´s behavior in relation to China´s rise, vis-à-vis Russian relations – Kazakhstan´s traditional patron. It examines if Kazakhstan engages in balancing or bandwagoning behavior through ...

Summary This research is important, relevant for media scholars as well as scholars of peace building, because the idea of using media in peace building has not been emphasised as much as other subjective methods in ...

Med Kinas vekst har det øst-asiatiske sikkerhetskomplekset blitt et senter for stormaktspolitikk. Hvordan USA og Kina hevder sine interesser gjennom ulike strategier vil få konsekvenser for den regionale stabiliteten. ...

This thesis is a comparative study of the congressional redistricting process in 43 states and an analysis of partisan bias in the U.S. House of Representatives elections in 2012, 2014 and 2016. Partisan bias is, generally ...

Målet med denne oppgaven er å besvare om «den begunstigede betaler»-prinsippet (DBBprinsippet) bør anvendes som en del av det normative grunnlaget for byrdefordeling i internasjonal klimapolitikk. For å undersøke denne ...

Denne studien undersøker om sammenhengen mellom sosial klasse og partivalg ble påvirket av den økonomiske krisen som brøt ut i kjølvannet av finanskrisen 2007-2008. Studien bryter ny mark gjennom å se på et forhold som i ...

After the Cold War, the overall patterns of warfare and armed conflicts changed. Consequently, in order to meet the new threats to international peace and security, the United Nations (UN) had to revise its strategy. In ...

Utlendingsdirektoratet (UDI) og Utlendingsnemnda (UNE) er de to sentrale aktørene i norsk utlendingsforvaltning. Sammen er de førsteinstans og klageinstans i det som de senere årene har blitt et mer og mer politisert felt, ...

Temaet for denne avhandlingen er den ideologiske utviklingen til Scottish National Party (SNP) fra 1999 og frem til i dag. Partiet klassifiserer seg selv som et sosialdemokratisk nasjonalistisk parti, og besitter i dag sin ...

This thesis seeks to uncover whether reformed World Bank statebuilding efforts in fragile and conflict-affected states (FCS) are producing satisfactory results. Fragile and conflict-affected states are known to be particularly ...

An increase in renewable energy in a country’s energy mix is one of the measures countries can take in order to mitigate climate change. One way of increasing the renewable energy share in a country’s energy mix is through ...

The ongoing Brexit negotiations are the first ever negotiations about the withdrawal of a member state from the European Union. The result of the negotiations will determine the UK’s terms of withdrawal and the framework ...

China’s rise and the correlation between historical power transitions and great power conflict have led to frequent suggestions that conflict between China and the United States may be imminent. However, such dramatic ...

The creation of the International Energy Agency (IEA) in 1974 was conducted under very particular institutional and geopolitical circumstances. It was a time when relations in global energy were defined largely by the ...

Tema for denne oppgaven er hvordan det institusjonelle rammeverket i internasjonale miljøregimer bidrar til å styrke statenes muligheter til problemløsning. Det institusjonelle rammeverket utgjør en vesentlig del av hvordan ...

Denne studien undersøker hvordan interessegrupper henvender seg til de politiske partiene i Norge. Både ovenfor Stortinget og partiapparatet, hvilke faktorer som påvirker hvilke partier interessegruppene tar kontakt med ...

I denne oppgaven diskuterer jeg hvorvidt anstendige hierarkiske folkegrupper bør inkluderes i Folkenes samfunn. Jeg argumenterer for at denne typen folkegrupper ikke behandler alle sine medlemmer likeverdig, og at aksept ...

Hvorfor utvikler folk forskjellige politiske verdier, til tross for at de lever og vokser opp under tilsvarende omstendigheter? Ved å analysere survey-data fra Tyskland og Nederland benytter jeg Big-Five rammeverket for å ...

While we have extensive knowledge upon the effects from political values onto voting; the role of personal values is largely unappreciated. Using Schwartz basic personal value theory, this thesis aims to expand on our ...

Sammendrag Formålet med denne oppgaven er å undersøke totalforsvarets relevans, i lys av et stadig mer komplekst og omskiftelig trusselbilde. Norge står overfor en betydelig risiko for å bli rammet av sikkerhetstruende ...

The Islamic Republic has been building a transnational network of armed resistance groups since the Iranian revolution in 1979, with Shi’a militias being its most important asset. These groups are viewed as one of Iran’s ...

The EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) is the EU’s climate flagship for cutting industry emissions. In the early phases of EU ETS (2005-2012), industries were mostly allocated free emissions allowances. For phase 3 ...

Hvorfor velger noen å bli statssekretær? Denne oppgaven forsøker å bidra til mer kunnskap om statssekretærer ved å se på statssekretærembetet i et karriereperspektiv. Oppgaven tar for seg tre empiriske spørsmål: 1) Hvilke ...

Efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the European Union (EU) are divided between two sector overreaching policy frameworks, the Emissions Trading Scheme and the Effort Sharing policy. The Effort Sharing policy ...

Do people have ideologically constrained and stable political belief systems, and does it matter for their vote choice? This has been under debate since the seminal article of Converse (1964) stated that most people were ...

Income inequality has risen in most OECD countries since the 1970s. In the same period, the economy has become more financialized both as an accumulative property and as a corporate strategy. Meanwhile, labour unions have ...

This thesis analyzes Turkey’s security policies toward Russia, the US and NATO with a focus on two cases: Syria (2011-2018) and the Black Sea region (2014-2018). It employs Stephen Walt’s balance of threat theory (1987) ...

I dagens konflikter og humanitære kriser har ikke-statlige organisasjoner (NGOer) fått en økt betydning. NGOer og militære aktører befinner seg i økende grad i samme operasjonsområdet. Dette har ført til at NGOer og militæret ...

In short, my research interest aims to identify, describe and analyze Bangladesh`s policy approaches as well actual politics towards the Rohingyas after the massive exodus in Bangladesh on 25 August 2017. The central finding ...

Bakgrunn: Miljøkonsekvensene av en stadig mer globalisert verdensøkonomi har i senere tid fått økt oppmerksomhet, og det har blitt hevdet at miljøreguleringer kan være en faktor som påvirker lokasjonsbeslutninger til ...

Why are some citizens uncommitted to Liberal Democracy? In this thesis, I attempt to explain this with the use of two main arguments. The first is that this democratic detachment is a consequence of deficient democratic ...

Hvert år anmodes norske kommuner om å bosette et gitt antall flyktninger. Forespørselen kommer fra staten, representert ved Integrerings- og mangfoldsdirektoratet (IMDi). Denne oppgaven presenterer en komparativ undersøkelse ...

Notions discriminatory to persons with disabilities commonly underpin political theories of rights. While persons without disabilities are considered “normal” and independent, persons with disabilities are commonly seen ...

Hate crime is a fluid category that has been constructed and implemented in a variety of ways within the legal system and in political discourse. As hate crime policies have been developed in many divergent directions ...

Individuals’ equal right to make their own decisions and to control their own lives is fundamental to realising human rights. The United Nations (UN) Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities confirms this axiom ...

This study focuses on how Finnish pre-service teachers’ instructional self-efficacy contributes to their belief in their ability to provide learning opportunities and positive classroom outcomes. Data were gathered from ...

Will climate change increase the prevalence of violent conflict in the future? To investigate this broad and difficult question, this thesis argues that we need to start with sound causal inference regarding the historical ...

Since the Cold War, peace negotiations have become the most common way to end wars, but far from an easy one. The parties to the Colombian Government and the Revolutionary armed forces of Colombia (FARC) finally reached a ...

Technology has become an ever-present factor in virtually every contemporary situation, and digital media has gained a significant role in the lives of young people. This article explores and compares the antecedents for ...

Combining new quantitative and qualitative data, this article first describes and compares the evolution of right-wing terrorism and militancy in the Nordic countries between 1990 and 2015. Having established that Sweden ...

While kinship is among the basic organizing principles of all human life, its role in and implications for international politics and relations have been subject to surprisingly little exploration in International Relations ...

This article contributes to the literature on the politicization of appointments to increase political control over public bureaucracies with often substantial managerial and policy autonomy. Using data from a large-scale ...

Har den kommende sammenslåingen mellom Mandal, Lindesnes og Marnardal ført til at kommunene endrer sin økonomiske politikk? I denne studien undersøkes det hvordan det kan oppstå et «common pool problem» i forbindelse med ...

Studier om kommunikasjonsvirksomhet og omdømmehåndtering i offentlige organisasjoner er et relativt nytt forskningsfelt i statsvitenskapelig og organisasjonsteoretisk forskningstradisjon. En bakgrunn for en økende orientering ...

Google Scholar (GS) is an important tool that faculty, administrators, and external reviewers use to evaluate the scholarly impact of candidates for jobs, tenure, and promotion. This article highlights both the benefits ...

There is a vast literature on the decline of party membership within European democracies, which is manifested in declining membership figures. Despite this trend, several parties on the far right, including Norway’s ...

Regjeringen Stoltenberg II vedtok ved utgangen av 2012 å slå sammen Direktoratet for naturforvaltning (DN) og Klima- og forurensningsdirektoratet (Klif) til det som skulle bli Miljødirektoratet, med virkning fra 1. juli ...

Studien undersøker om ekspertutvalg medfører økt ekspertifisering av kunnskapsgrunnlaget for politiske beslutninger i Norge. Det er innarbeidet praksis å invitere eksperter til å informere og gi råd til politikkutformere, ...

This thesis examines the distinctive features of the Trade and Sustainable Development Chapters in the EU’s external trade agreements. Furthermore, it utilise theoretical perspectives of global political justice to assess ...

The US utilized leadership in the Paris Agreement negotiations in several and important ways. In particular, the bilateral cooperation with China was pivotal and helped securing the Agreement’s broad participation. That ...

Investigation of whether, how, and why inequality influences the dynamics of violent conflict has a long intellectual history. Inequality between individuals and households (vertical inequality) has dominated the literature, ...

Denne case-studien av sykehjemstjenesten i Oslo kommune undersøker hvordan styring og ansvarliggjøring av offentlig tjenesteproduksjon fungerer. I lys av et økende ønske om å fristille leverandører av tjenester for å skape ...

The crisis in the Eurozone area and the rest of the EU has in many ways been a seismic shift in both the economic and political framework of the Eurozone area. We know quite a bit about the political short-term effects of ...

This thesis examines the prominent military component of identity construction in Russia to determine the motivation behind state implemented identity initiatives their consequences. The motivations are investigated by ...

In this thesis, I examine how the process of digitalization in the energy system is leading to changing understandings of its security. More precisely I track how discourses place themselves into different epistemic logics ...

Scholars continue to debate whether economic development affects regime type. This article argues that a clear relationship exists between development and the electoral component of democracy, but not – or at least less ...

Selv om konspirasjonsteorier har vært tema for en økende mengde studier de siste tiår, finnes det få undersøkelser som setter konspirasjonsteorier som sådan i sentrum, undersøker spekteret av disse innenfor ideologiene på ...

There is a current debate about the impact and content of the Trump Nuclear Posture Review, which presents the indented nuclear strategy of the United States. This document is controversial because it opens for nuclear ...

In this chapter, we discuss two interrelated questions: (1) Why is there no multilateral agreement on investment? (2) Do we need a multilateral investment agreement? We begin with a broad examination of the historical roots ...

Two distinct literatures have studied the macroeconomic effects of electoral systems and of labor market structures, respectively. Results include a positive association between proportional representation (PR) electoral ...

The governance of higher education has been a prominent topic for investigation at least since Burton Clark’s foundational 1983 study on the higher education system (see *General Overview and Historical Studies*). While ...

While a large literature suggests an important role for political parties in development, this article is the first attempt to layout and test a comprehensive theory connecting parties to economic growth. The authors argue ...

Elever i norske videregående skoler har vanligvis tilgang til datamaskiner med internett-tilgang mens undervisningen pågår. Teknologitilgjengeligheten kan ha betydning for læreres mestringsforventninger til faglig undervisning. ...

Økt innvandring utgjør en av dagens største utfordringer for den nordiske modellen. For at den nordiske modellen skal bestå har det vært ansett som nødvendig at flyktninger og innvandrere integreres i arbeidslivet, slik ...

Denne studien undersøker hvilke organisasjonsmessige faktorer som er relatert til læreres kollegiale hjelpsomhet med IKT i undervisning og læreres forbedringsbestrebelser. Analysen baseres seg på et utvalg av lærere i ...

This article investigates participation bias in the European Commission's online consultations by focusing on issue characteristics and using a cost–benefit framework. The main assumption is that a group will choose not ...

When responding to crises, a joint approach is often used, which requires coordination among government agencies and other institutions. In this article we combine the vertical and horizontal dimensions to develop a ...

In this chapter the focus is on governance capacity as seen from the civil servants at central level in ministries and central agencies. This means that the strategic level is more up front than the operational level. Civil ...

Nyoppdagede primærkilder viser et skandinavisk innslag blant afghanaraberne i 1980-årene. Jihadismen i nord er antakelig eldre enn tidligere antatt.

EUs interesse for Arktis har utviklet seg parallelt med Norges nordområdesatsning de siste ti årene. Selv om partene deler flere av de samme visjonene, er deler av Europaparlamentet bekymret over petroleumsaktiviteten i ...

Governments in Europe have emphasized the development of more autonomous public universities over the last couple of decades. Often, the aim of these reform policies has been to stimulate to a more competitive and agile ...

Citizens’ trust in government and other people is crucial to their perceptions of social risks. In this study, we examine the effects of institutional and social trust on citizens’ risk perceptions. Our analysis of a 2013 ...

There have been growing calls for new theories understand public governance with respect to service provision collaboration involving nonprofit and for-profit actors. In this article, we develop a framework for analyzing ...

The reorganization of government agencies can be studied as a pre-reform process in terms of the structural changes made, or as a post-reform process in terms of the effects of the reorganization. In this study of two ...

This article analyses if, how and why Scandinavian integration policies converged as a result of the refugee crisis in 2015, studying policies of permanent residence, citizenship, family reunification and access to social ...

Det er akademisk uenighet om Fremskrittspartiets (FrPs) ideologiske plassering i norsk politikk i dag. Med utgangspunkt i idéanalyser av FrPs partiprogram, samt nyhetsartikler skrevet av FrP selv, har jeg vurdert i hvilken ...

This article describes and analyzes the decision-making process related to the establishment of Norway's National Police Emergency Response Center (NPERC). Following the July 22, 2011 terrorist attacks, Norway's Inquiry ...