Importance The reproductive safety of benzodiazepine/z-hypnotic exposure on child longer-term developmental risks remains unresolved. Objective To quantify the association of motor, communication, and attention-defi ...

Owing to fully occupied orbitals, noble gases are considered to be chemically inert and to have limited effect on materials properties under standard conditions. However, using first-principles calculations, we demonstrate ...

In a solid-liquid dual-phase CO2 separation membrane, the native ions in the molten alkali carbonate, including carbonate anions and metal cations can transport CO2 in a process that is charge-compensated by electronic ...

A solid-state photoelectrochemical (SSPEC) cell is an attractive approach for solar water splitting, especially when it comes to monolithic device design. In a SSPEC cell the electrodes distance is minimized, while the use ...

This chapter describes the state of the art in computer simulations in the context of the development of high-efficiency solar cells. It discusses how one analyses by theoretical means the structural, electronic, and optical ...

We apply inline electron holography to investigate the electrostatic potential across an individual BaZr0.9Y0.1O3 grain boundary. With holography, we measure a grain boundary potential of −1.3 V. Electron energy loss ...

The current study extends the insight into solid-state diffusion in alloys of the Platinum Group Metals (PGMs). Thereby, we pave the way for tailor making surface compositions of binary platinum (Pt) – rhodium (Rh) model ...

This paper reviews the geometrical and mechanical evolution of selected groups of kinematic indicators that are frequently used for inferring large-scale geodynamics but are prone to ambiguous shear sense interpretations: ...

We have investigated how layered structures of TiO2 and Eu2O3 on the subnanometer scale control the optical absorption, energy transfer, emission and quenching mechanisms in sensitized lanthanide luminescence systems. By ...

The reactivity of BaZr1−xYxO3−δ (x = 0–0.2) ceramics under 1 atm CO2 at 650 °C for up to 1000 h was investigated in order to elucidate possible degradation processes occurring when the material is applied as a proton-conducting ...

The evolution of sheet resistance of n-type In2O3 and Ga2O3 exposed to bombardment with MeV 12C and 28Si ions at 35 K is studied in situ. While the sheet resistance of Ga2O3 increased by more than eight orders of magnitude ...

In this paper, we investigate three different passivating films for use in predictable quantum efficient detectors: two monolayer films of SiNx with different compositions and one double-layer stack of SiNxOy capped with ...

Volcanic eruptions pose a threat to lives and property when volcano flanks and surroundings are densely populated. The local impact of an eruption depends firstly on its location, whether it occurs near a volcano summit, ...

Due to the low absorption coefficients of crystalline silicon-based solar cells, researchers have focused on non-silicon semiconductors with direct band gaps for the development of novel photovoltaic devices. In this study, ...

Using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory, we study the magnetic and electronic properties of hole-doped two-dimensional InSe. Our simulations reveal that although 2D InSe is intrinsically ...

A new model for hydrogen-assisted fatigue crack growth (HAFCG) in BCC iron under a gaseous hydrogen environment has been established based on various methods of observation, i.e., electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), ...

The direct manipulation of individual atoms in materials using scanning probe microscopy has been a seminal achievement of nanotechnology. Recent advances in imaging resolution and sample stability have made scanning ...

Interest in the bulk transition metal dichalcogenides for their electronic, photovoltaic, and optical properties has grown and led to their use in many technological applications. We present a systematic investigation of ...

Strain localization is ubiquitous in geodynamics and occurs at all scales within the lithosphere. How the lithosphere accommodates deformation controls, for example, the structure of orogenic belts and the architecture of ...

Humeri of Pessopteryx nisseri and vertebrae referred to Cymbospondylus sp. are described from the Lower Saurian niveau at Marmierfjellet, Spitsbergen. This is the most well-preserved Cymbospondylus material described from ...

A systematic investigation is performed to determine the effects of the concentration of silver on metal assisted chemical etching (MaCE) for nanostructure formation mechanisms on silicon as well as their resultant optical ...

Thio-olivines such as (Fe,Mn)2(Si,Ge)S4 have been proposed as candidate earthabundant materials for single and multi-junction solar cells. In this work we present the first investigation of Mn2SiS4thin films prepared by ...

Band gap grading of Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) solar cells can be achieved by varying the Sr = [S]/([S] + [Se]) ratio in the absorber layer with depth. One approach is a two-step annealing process where the absorber is first ...

This work describes the synthesis and investigation of improved SUZ-4 catalysts (SZR framework) and their application in methanol-to-olefins and methane-to-methanol conversion. We report boron containing, dealuminated and ...

The deactivation of zeolite catalyst H-ZSM-5 by coking during the conversion of methanol to hydrocarbons was monitored by high-energy space- and time-resolved operando X-ray diffraction (XRD) . Space resolution was achieved ...

Novel aluminum and indium doped zinc oxide (ZnO) bilayer transparent conducting oxide thin films was fabricated by simple sol-gel spin coating method and post-annealed at 500 °C for an hour under nitrogen ambient for solar ...

Silicon-based tandem solar cells incorporating low-cost, abundant, and non-toxic metal oxide materials can increase the conversion efficiency of silicon solar cells beyond their conventional limitations with obvious economic ...

In this work, an extensive investigation of the preparation of a large body of desilicated ZSM-22 zeolites and their basic characterization is presented. We investigate the effects of the properties of the starting zeolite, ...

In the present study, a series of H-ZSM-22 mesoporous catalysts resulting from three different desilication treatments (NaOH treatment, treatment using mixtures of NaOH/CTAB and using mixtures of NaOH/TBAOH) and sequential ...

This Perspective presents an overview on recent experimental and computational studies on the off-cycle reactions of palladium- and nickel-catalyzed cross-couplings. Several reactions entering or leaving the catalytic cycle ...

Digital volume correlation analysis of time‐resolved X‐ray microtomography scans acquired during in situ triaxial compression of Green River shale cores provided time series of 3‐D incremental strain fields that elucidated ...

The mechanics of magma emplacement in the Earth's crust corresponds to the flow of a viscous fluid into a deforming solid. The Earth's crust through which magma is emplaced is visco-elasto-plastic, and field observations ...

We use 3D magnetohydrodynamic CO5BOLD model atmospheres to study the interplay between magnetic fields and convection in the atmospheres of red giant stars. We find that vortex-like structures occur prominently in stars ...

Transition metal containing polyanion compounds are effective excellent electrode materials for sodium-ion batteries due to their high intrinsic electrochemical potentials and to the resulting high energy density. Iron ...

Interpretation of seismic data has played a major role in recent advances in the studies of igneous sill complexes. Seismic modelling studies based on field analogues represent a promising tool to close the scale gap between ...

Variation of electron-induced x-ray emission with the crystal direction of an incoming electron beam (channeling) is used to study the crystal site preference of different elements in a promising thermoelectric half-Heusler ...

We present detailed characteristics of linear polarization features (LPFs) in the quiet-Sun photosphere from high-resolution observations obtained with SUNRISE/IMaX. We explore differently treated data with various noise ...

The carbon vacancy (VC) is a major limiting-defect of minority carrier lifetime in n-type 4H-SiC epitaxial layers and it is readily formed during high temperature processing. In this study, a kinetics model is put forward ...

Electronic states in the upper part of the bandgap of reduced and/or hydrogenated n-type rutile TiO2 single crystals have been studied by means of thermal admittance and deep-level transient spectroscopy measurements. The ...

Nitric oxide (NO) produced by mammalian nitric oxide synthases (mNOSs) is an important mediator in a variety of physiological functions. Crystal structures of mNOSs have shown strong conservation of the active‐site residue ...

We present a comprehensive investigation of the structural, electronic, mechanical, and optical properties of four promising candidates, namely Au2Cs2I6, Ag2GeBaS4, Ag2ZnSnS4, and AgCuPO4, for application in photovoltaic ...

With the continuous scaling of the CMOS technology, the CMOS circuits are considered to be more tolerant to Single event Latchup (SEL) effects due to the reduction in the supply voltages. This paper reports the results ...

The influence of Fermi level position and annealing ambient on the zinc vacancy VZn generation and Al diffusion is studied in monocrystalline zinc oxide (ZnO). From secondary-ion mass spectrometry and positron annihilation ...

Over the last few years, genomic studies on Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of all known plague epidemics, have considerably increased in numbers, spanning a period of about 5,000 y. Nonetheless, questions concerning ...

Flavodoxins (Flds) are small, bacterial proteins that transfer electrons to various redox enzymes. Flavodoxins are reduced by ferredoxin/flavodoxin NADP+ oxidoreductases (FNRs), but little is known of the FNR-Fld interaction. ...

Abstract Au-Au thermocompression bonding is a widely used technique for a variety of applications including hermetic sealing and packaging at a fine pitch. We have investigated the roles of pressure and temperature ...

We herein report inter-diffusion across the interface between p-type Ni0.98Li0.02O and n-type Zn0.98Al0.02O for various applications including p-n-heterojunction diodes and oxide thermoelectrics. Diffusion couples were ...

Exhumed reservoirs providing evidence of CO2 accumulation and transport in geological history offer a unique possibility to supplement our knowledge on leakage processes observed along faults and fractures. A field location ...

We theoretically consider the spin Seebeck effect, the charge Seebeck coefficient, and the thermoelectric figure of merit in superconducting hybrid structures including either magnetic textures or intrinsic spin-orbit ...

Host-intrinsic factors as well as environmental changes are known to be strong evolutionary drivers defining the genetic foundation of immunity. Using a novel set of teleost genomes and a time-calibrated phylogeny, we here ...

Crude oil spills are a worldwide ocean conservation threat. Fish are particularly vulnerable to the oiling of spawning habitats, and crude oil causes severe abnormalities in embryos and larvae. However, the underlying ...

Two hybrid van der Waals density functionals (vdW-DFs) are developed using 25% Fock exchange with (i) the consistent-exchange vdW-DF-cx functional [K. Berland and P. Hyldgaard, Phys. Rev. B 89, 035412 (2014)] and (ii) with ...

Climate change will affect the population dynamics of many species, yet the consequences for the long-term persistence of populations are poorly understood. A major reason for this is that density-dependent feedback effects ...

Introduction: The promotion of a healthy diet, physical activity and measurement of blood glucose levels are essential components in the care for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Smartphones offer a new way ...

Background: During pregnancy, many women experience sleep problems and anxiety that require treatment. The long-term safety for the child of maternal benzodiazepine (BZD) and z-hypnotic use during pregnancy remains ...

Distributed Complex Event Processing (CEP) is gaining increasing interest for two reasons: (1) to scale system performance to handle higher workloads in real-time, and (2) to perform in-network processing, e.g., in mobile ...

espite numerous studies of transition metal dichalcogenides, the diversity of their chemical bonding characteristics and charge transfer is not well understood. Based on density functional theory we investigate their static ...

Subduction initiation is a key in understanding the dynamic evolution of the Earth and its fundamental difference to all other rocky planetary bodies in our solar system. Despite recent progress, the question about how a ...

Great genetic variability among teleost immunomes, with gene losses and expansions of central adaptive and innate components, has been discovered through genome sequencing over the last few years. Here, we demonstrate that ...

ZnO1−xYx with chalcogen element Y exhibits intriguing optoelectronic properties as the alloying strongly impacts the band-gap energy Eg(x). In this work, we analyze and compare the electronic structures and the dielectric ...

The Hall coefficient RH and electrical conductivity of misfit calcium cobalt oxide (Ca2CoO3−δ)q(CoO2) (CCO) were measured at room temperature for different oxygen vacancy concentrations δ. Based on these and numerous ...

As-grown and pre-oxidized silicon carbide (SiC) samples of polytype 4H have been annealed at temperatures up to 1950 °C for 10 min duration using inductive heating, or at 2000 °C for 30 s using microwave heating. The samples ...

The conductivity and Seebeck coefficient of CaMnO3−δ have been studied at temperatures up to 1000 °C and in atmospheres with controlled oxygen partial pressure. Both transport coefficients were varied in situ by the ...

The aluminum–zinc-vacancy (AlZn−VZn) complex is identified as one of the dominant defects in Al-containing n-type ZnO after electron irradiation at room temperature with energies above 0.8 MeV. The complex is energetically ...

The present study examines the kinetics of dry thermal oxidation of (111), (110), and (100) silicon-germanium (SiGe) thin epitaxial films and the redistribution of Ge near the oxidation interface with the aim of facilitating ...

Non-polar ZnCdO films, grown over m- and r-sapphire with a Cd concentration ranging between 0.8% and 5%, have been studied by means of slow positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) combined with chemical depth profiling ...

We studied the structural properties, defect formation, and thermal stability of H in hydrothermally grown ZnO single crystals implanted with H- dose ranging from 2.5×1016 to 1×1017 cm−2. H implantation is found to create ...

Diffusion of Li into ZnO from an “infinite” surface source under oxygen-rich conditions is studied using secondary ion mass spectrometry. The Li concentration-versus-depth profiles exhibit a distinct and sharp drop, which ...

Since the 1980s nuisance growth of the aquatic macrophyte Juncus bulbosus has been observed in an increasing number of rivers and lakes in Europe. Freshwater acidification, lake liming, as well as the impact of hydropower ...

The ichthyotoxic flagellate Pseudochattonella has formed recurrent blooms in the North Sea, Skagerrak and Kattegat since 1998. Five strains of Pseudochattonella farcimen and two strains of P. verruculosa were examined in ...

The lateral distributions of intrinsic point defects in n-type (0001) 4H-SiC have been investigated following room temperature irradiation with a focused beam of 10 keV protons. Laterally resolved deep level transient ...

Several fundamental aspects of the oxidation-induced redistribution of Ge in thin films of SiGe are studied. This includes the incorporation of Ge into the oxide and the formation of what is alternatively referred to as ...

High-purity epitaxial layers of n-type 4H-SiC have been implanted with 4.3-MeV Si ions to a dose of 3 × 108 cm−2 and then subjected to dry isothermal oxidation at temperatures between 1050 and 1175 °C. Analysis of the ...

By combining results from positron annihilation and photoluminescence spectroscopy with data from Hall effect measurements, the characteristic deep level emission centered at ∼1.75 eV and exhibiting an activation energy ...

A phenomenon of wurtzite (w), zincblende (zb), and rock-salt (rs) phase separation was investigated in ZnCdO films having Cd contents in the range of 0%–60% settling a discussion on the phase stability issues in ZnCdO. ...

The interaction of hydrogen (H) with lithium (Li) and zinc vacancies (VZn) in hydrothermally grown n-type zinc oxide (ZnO) has been investigated by positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) and secondary ion mass spectrometry. ...

Thermal stability of originally single crystalline wurtzite MgxZn1−xO (x ⩽ 0.3) films implanted at room temperature with 166Er ions is studied by a combination of Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, time-of-flight ...

Single-phase rock-salt CdZnO films were synthesized on r-plane sapphire substrates by metal–organic chemical vapor deposition. Evolutions in growth orientations were investigated in these films as a function of Zn content ...

Seed development in angiosperms is dependent on the interplay among different transcriptional programs operating in the embryo, the endosperm, and the maternally-derived seed coat. In angiosperms, the embryo and the endosperm ...

The nature of intrinsic defects in ZnO films grown by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy was studied by positron annihilation and photoluminescence spectroscopy techniques. The supply of Zn and O during the film synthesis ...

Thermal evolution of vacancy complexes was studied in P-doped ([P]=1018 cm−3) proton irradiated Si1−xGex with Ge contents of 10%, 20%, and 30% in the range of 250–350 °C using positron annihilation spectroscopy. The radiation ...

We have used depth-resolved cathodoluminescence, positron annihilation, and surface photovoltage spectroscopies to determine the energy levels of Zn vacancies and vacancy clusters in bulk ZnO crystals. Doppler broadening-measured ...

The role of vacancy clustering and acceptor activation on resistivity evolution in N ion-implanted n-type hydrothermally grown bulk ZnO has been investigated by positron annihilation spectroscopy, resistivity measurements, ...