One of the most-important tools in modern science is the analysis of electromagnetic properties by spectroscopy. The various types of spectroscopy can be classified by the underlying type of interactions between energy and ...

Using first principles calculations based on density functional theory, we study the impact of hole doping on the magnetic and electronic properties of two dimensional PtS2. Although 2D PtS2 is intrinsically non-magnetic, ...

Centrality, which quantifies the importance of individual nodes, is among the most essential concepts in modern network theory. As there are many ways in which a node can be important, many different centrality measures ...

Lanthanum doped strontium titanate is a potential n-type thermoelectric material at moderate and high temperatures. (La0.12Sr0.88)0.95TiO3 ceramics were prepared by two different routes, conventional sintering at 1500 °C ...

Reliable single-photon emission is crucial for realizing efficient spin-photon entanglement and scalable quantum information systems. The silicon vacancy (VSi) in 4H-SiC is a promising single-photon emitter exhibiting ...

We investigate the migration mechanism of the carbon vacancy (VC) in silicon carbide (SiC) using a combination of theoretical and experimental methodologies. The VC, commonly present even in state-of-the-art epitaxial SiC ...

Cuprous oxide (Cu2O) is a p-type semiconductor with high optical absorption and a direct bandgap of about 2.1 eV, making it an attractive material for photovoltaic applications. For a high-performance photovoltaic device, ...

Ga2O3 is a deep-UV transparent semiconducting oxide being interesting for solar-blind photo detectors e.g. for flame or missile plume detection. The bandgap of about 4.9 eV can be increased by alloying with Al2O3. We have ...

The current study extends the insight into solid-state diffusion in alloys of the Platinum Group Metals (PGMs). Thereby, we pave the way for tailor making surface compositions of binary platinum (Pt) – rhodium (Rh) model ...

Direct evidence of the formation of nitrogen molecules (N2) after ion implantion of ZnO has been revealed by an atomically resolved scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM)–electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) ...

To examine the impact of preexisting weaknesses on fracture coalescence during volcanic edifice deformation, we triaxially compressed Mount Etna basalt while acquiring in situ dynamic X‐ray microtomograms and calculated ...

We have investigated how layered structures of TiO2 and Eu2O3 on the subnanometer scale control the optical absorption, energy transfer, emission and quenching mechanisms in sensitized lanthanide luminescence systems. By ...

This paper reviews the geometrical and mechanical evolution of selected groups of kinematic indicators that are frequently used for inferring large-scale geodynamics but are prone to ambiguous shear sense interpretations: ...

We investigate the evolving distribution of strain produced by a sliding fault within intact crystalline rock, and the energetics of deformation that occur both on- and off-fault. We slid precut faults of differing roughness ...

Mixed oxide hydride anion systems constitute a novel class of materials exhibiting intriguing properties such as solid-state hydride ion conduction and fast anion exchange. In this contribution we derive the kinetics of ...

Owing to fully occupied orbitals, noble gases are considered to be chemically inert and to have limited effect on materials properties under standard conditions. However, using first-principles calculations, we demonstrate ...

Zn substitutional lithium ( Li Zn ) and sodium ( Na Zn ) acceptors and their complexes with common donor impurities ( Al Zn , Hi, and HO) in ZnO have been studied using hybrid functional calculations. The results show ...

This contribution clarifies the overoxidation-preventing key step in the methane-to-methanol (MTM) conversion over copper mordenite zeolites. We followed the methane-to-methanol conversion over copper mordenite zeolites ...

We use first-principle calculations based on hybrid functional and the Bethe-Salpeter equation method to investigate the electronic and optical properties of dichalcogenide TlGaTe2. Based on theoretical studies, TlGaTe2 ...

The mechanisms triggering intermediate and deep earthquakes have puzzled geologists for several decades. There is still no consensus concerning whether such earthquakes are triggered by brittle or ductile mechanisms. We ...

To constrain the impact of preexisting mechanical weaknesses on strain localization culminating in macroscopic shear failure, we simulate triaxial compression of layered sedimentary rock using three-dimensional discrete ...

Last year, we reported a perturbative theory of the Casimir-Lifshitz torque between planar biaxially anisotropic materials in the retarded limit [Thiyam et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 131601 (2018)], which is applied here ...

In a solid-liquid dual-phase CO2 separation membrane, the native ions in the molten alkali carbonate, including carbonate anions and metal cations can transport CO2 in a process that is charge-compensated by electronic ...

A solid-state photoelectrochemical (SSPEC) cell is an attractive approach for solar water splitting, especially when it comes to monolithic device design. In a SSPEC cell the electrodes distance is minimized, while the use ...

We characterize and monitor subsidence of the Bursa Plain (southern Marmara region of Turkey), which has been interpreted as resulting from tectonic motions in the region. We quantify the subsidence using Interferometric ...

We present a study of the surface effects and optical properties of the self-assembled nanostructures comprised of vertically aligned 5 nm-diameter Al nanowires embedded in an amorphous Si matrix (a-Si:Al). The controlled ...

The carbonation of ultramafic rocks is a common alteration process in ophiolites and can occur in various settings. We provide the first detailed description of the carbonated peridotites (ophicarbonates) of the Feragen ...

Sodium and oxygen are prevalent impurities in kesterite solar cells. Both elements are known to strongly impact performance of the kesterite devices and can be connected to efficiency improvements seen after heat treatments. ...

Rab proteins are master regulators of intracellular membrane trafficking, but they also contribute to cell division, signaling, polarization, and migration. The majority of the works describing the mechanisms used by Rab ...

Reaction-infiltration instability refers to the morphological instability of a reactive fluid front flowing in a soluble porous medium. This process is important for many naturally occurring phenomena, such as the weathering ...

Tabular intrusions are common features in the Earth's brittle crust. They exhibit a broad variety of shapes, ranging from thin sheet intrusions (sills, saucer-shaped sills, cone sheets), to more massive intrusions (domed ...

The increased transport of terrestrially derived organic material (tOM) from catchments to rivers and lakes is leading to browning of northern freshwaters.(1) Although the same environmental drivers can be expected to lead ...

In this work, Co-based cocatalysts are electrodeposited on mesoporous Ta3N5 nanotubes. The electrodeposition time is varied and the optimized photoelectrode reaches a photocurrent density of 6.3 mA/cm2 at 1.23 V vs. SHE, ...

Predictions of the anisotropic coefficients of thermal expansion are needed to not only compare to experimental measurement, but also as input for macroscopic modeling of devices which operate over a large temperature ...

We study the effects of connectivity enhancement due to film flow phenomena on the drainage of an artificial porous medium and the relative influence of gravity for such effects. The medium is initially fully saturated ...

With the demand of aggressive scaling in nanoelectronics, further progress can be realized by integration of high mobility semiconductors, such as III–V compound semiconductors, with complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor ...

Dispersion forces such as van der Waals forces between two microscopic particles, the Casimir-Polder forces between a particle and a macroscopic object, or the Casimir force between two dielectric objects are well studied ...

First-principles calculations have become a powerful tool to exclude the Edisonian approach in search of novel two-dimensional (2D) materials. However, no universal first-principles criteria to examine the realizability ...

Nanoporous and nanowire structures based on silicon (Si) have a well recognized potential in a number of applications such as photovoltaics, energy storage and thermoelectricity. The immiscibility of Si and aluminum (Al) ...

Gene expression profiling of tumours is an important source of information for cancer patient stratification. Detecting subtle alterations of gene expression remains a challenge, however. Here, we propose a novel tool for ...

We introduce a shear experiment that quantitatively reproduces the main laws of seismicity. By continuously and slowly shearing a compressed monolayer of disks in a ringlike geometry, our system delivers events of frictional ...

Ion implantation is an important technique in semiconductor processing and has become a key technology for 4H-SiC devices. Today, aluminum (Al) implantations are routinely used for p-type contacts, p+-emitters, terminations ...

When a rigid rough solid slides on a rigid rough surface, it experiences a random motion in the direction normal to the average contact plane. Here, through simulations of the separation at single-point contact between ...

Understanding fluid flow in rocks is crucial to quantify many natural processes such as ground water flow and naturally triggered seismicity, as well as engineering questions such as displacement of contaminants, the ...

Small non-coding RNAs have gained substantial attention due to their roles in animal development and human disorders. Among them, microRNAs are special because individual gene sequences are conserved across the animal ...

Fluid-induced alteration of rocks and mineral-based materials often starts at confined mineral interfaces where nm-thick water films can persist even at high overburden pressures and at low vapor pressures. These films ...

Centuries of work have highlighted the importance of several characteristics on fracture propagation. However, the relative importance of each characteristic on the likelihood of propagation remains elusive. We rank this ...

Ge-on-Si and Ge-on-insulator (GeOI) are the most promising materials for the next-generation nanoelectronics that can be fully integrated with silicon technology. To this day, the fabrication of Ge-based transistors with ...

The impact of hydrogen in ZnO is revealed by combining reaction dynamics calculations with temperature dependent Hall (TDH), photoluminescence, and secondary ion mass spectrometry measurements performed on H, 2H, and He ...

Deducing relations between the dynamic characteristics of landslides and rockfalls and the resultant high‐frequency (>1 Hz) seismic signal is challenging. To investigate relations that can be tested in the field, we conducted ...

The first known interstellar object 'Oumuamua exhibited a nongravitational acceleration that appeared inconsistent with cometary outgassing, leaving radiation pressure as the most likely force. Barring the alien lightsail ...

Elasto-plastic fracture toughness tests of a commercially pure iron were performed in air and in hydrogen gas at two different pressures. Some unique characteristics of hydrogen-enhanced cracking were exhibited at both the ...

The thermoelectric properties of 54 different group 4 half-Heusler (HH) alloys have been studied from first principles. Electronic transport was studied with density functional theory using hybrid functionals facilitated ...

This chapter describes the state of the art in computer simulations in the context of the development of high-efficiency solar cells. It discusses how one analyses by theoretical means the structural, electronic, and optical ...

We apply inline electron holography to investigate the electrostatic potential across an individual BaZr0.9Y0.1O3 grain boundary. With holography, we measure a grain boundary potential of −1.3 V. Electron energy loss ...

Ion implantation is a commonly used process step in 4H-SiC device manufacturing to implement precise concentrations of dopant atoms in selected areas and depths. This paper reports on vanadium (V) implantation into ...

A selective sampling procedure is applied to reduce the number of density functional theory calculations needed to find energetically favorable grain boundary structures. The procedure is based on a machine learning algorithm ...

Importance The reproductive safety of benzodiazepine/z-hypnotic exposure on child longer-term developmental risks remains unresolved. Objective To quantify the association of motor, communication, and attention-defi ...

A series of zeolite ZSM-23 samples prepared with different organic structure-directing agents, gave rise to crystalline phases, which show a large variety of particle dimensions. A detailed analysis of the structure of ...

Single crystalline bulk and epitaxially grown gallium oxide (β–Ga2O3) was irradiated by 0.6 and 1.9 MeV protons to doses ranging from 5 × 109 to 6 × 1014 cm−2 in order to study the impact on charge carrier concentration ...

The structural and optical properties of magnetron sputtered thin films of (ZnO)1−x(GaN)x deposited on zinc oxide, sapphire, and silicon oxide are studied as a function of strain accumulation and post‐deposition anneals ...

The reactivity of BaZr1−xYxO3−δ (x = 0–0.2) ceramics under 1 atm CO2 at 650 °C for up to 1000 h was investigated in order to elucidate possible degradation processes occurring when the material is applied as a proton-conducting ...

It is known that the behavior of residual Li in ion implanted ZnO depends on the preferential localization of the implants, in particular, forming characteristic Li depleted or Li pile-up regions for Zn or O sublattice ...

In this work, an in-situ growth approach has been employed to fabricate Al:ZnO/Cu2O/Cu and Al:ZnO/ZnO/Cu2O/Cu heterojunctions using direct current (DC) and radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering technique in a controlled ...

The evolution of sheet resistance of n-type In2O3 and Ga2O3 exposed to bombardment with MeV 12C and 28Si ions at 35 K is studied in situ. While the sheet resistance of Ga2O3 increased by more than eight orders of magnitude ...

Volcanic eruptions pose a threat to lives and property when volcano flanks and surroundings are densely populated. The local impact of an eruption depends firstly on its location, whether it occurs near a volcano summit, ...

In this paper, we investigate three different passivating films for use in predictable quantum efficient detectors: two monolayer films of SiNx with different compositions and one double-layer stack of SiNxOy capped with ...

A new model for hydrogen-assisted fatigue crack growth (HAFCG) in BCC iron under a gaseous hydrogen environment has been established based on various methods of observation, i.e., electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), ...

Due to the low absorption coefficients of crystalline silicon-based solar cells, researchers have focused on non-silicon semiconductors with direct band gaps for the development of novel photovoltaic devices. In this study, ...

The direct manipulation of individual atoms in materials using scanning probe microscopy has been a seminal achievement of nanotechnology. Recent advances in imaging resolution and sample stability have made scanning ...

Interest in the bulk transition metal dichalcogenides for their electronic, photovoltaic, and optical properties has grown and led to their use in many technological applications. We present a systematic investigation of ...

Using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory, we study the magnetic and electronic properties of hole-doped two-dimensional InSe. Our simulations reveal that although 2D InSe is intrinsically ...

Transition metal containing polyanion compounds are effective excellent electrode materials for sodium-ion batteries due to their high intrinsic electrochemical potentials and to the resulting high energy density. Iron ...

Variation of electron-induced x-ray emission with the crystal direction of an incoming electron beam (channeling) is used to study the crystal site preference of different elements in a promising thermoelectric half-Heusler ...

Digital volume correlation analysis of time‐resolved X‐ray microtomography scans acquired during in situ triaxial compression of Green River shale cores provided time series of 3‐D incremental strain fields that elucidated ...

Interpretation of seismic data has played a major role in recent advances in the studies of igneous sill complexes. Seismic modelling studies based on field analogues represent a promising tool to close the scale gap between ...

The mechanics of magma emplacement in the Earth's crust corresponds to the flow of a viscous fluid into a deforming solid. The Earth's crust through which magma is emplaced is visco-elasto-plastic, and field observations ...

We use 3D magnetohydrodynamic CO5BOLD model atmospheres to study the interplay between magnetic fields and convection in the atmospheres of red giant stars. We find that vortex-like structures occur prominently in stars ...

We present detailed characteristics of linear polarization features (LPFs) in the quiet-Sun photosphere from high-resolution observations obtained with SUNRISE/IMaX. We explore differently treated data with various noise ...

The carbon vacancy (VC) is a major limiting-defect of minority carrier lifetime in n-type 4H-SiC epitaxial layers and it is readily formed during high temperature processing. In this study, a kinetics model is put forward ...

A systematic investigation is performed to determine the effects of the concentration of silver on metal assisted chemical etching (MaCE) for nanostructure formation mechanisms on silicon as well as their resultant optical ...

Thio-olivines such as (Fe,Mn)2(Si,Ge)S4 have been proposed as candidate earthabundant materials for single and multi-junction solar cells. In this work we present the first investigation of Mn2SiS4thin films prepared by ...

Band gap grading of Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) solar cells can be achieved by varying the Sr = [S]/([S] + [Se]) ratio in the absorber layer with depth. One approach is a two-step annealing process where the absorber is first ...

Humeri of Pessopteryx nisseri and vertebrae referred to Cymbospondylus sp. are described from the Lower Saurian niveau at Marmierfjellet, Spitsbergen. This is the most well-preserved Cymbospondylus material described from ...

Strain localization is ubiquitous in geodynamics and occurs at all scales within the lithosphere. How the lithosphere accommodates deformation controls, for example, the structure of orogenic belts and the architecture of ...

Silicon-based tandem solar cells incorporating low-cost, abundant, and non-toxic metal oxide materials can increase the conversion efficiency of silicon solar cells beyond their conventional limitations with obvious economic ...

This Perspective presents an overview on recent experimental and computational studies on the off-cycle reactions of palladium- and nickel-catalyzed cross-couplings. Several reactions entering or leaving the catalytic cycle ...

Novel aluminum and indium doped zinc oxide (ZnO) bilayer transparent conducting oxide thin films was fabricated by simple sol-gel spin coating method and post-annealed at 500 °C for an hour under nitrogen ambient for solar ...

This work describes the synthesis and investigation of improved SUZ-4 catalysts (SZR framework) and their application in methanol-to-olefins and methane-to-methanol conversion. We report boron containing, dealuminated and ...

The deactivation of zeolite catalyst H-ZSM-5 by coking during the conversion of methanol to hydrocarbons was monitored by high-energy space- and time-resolved operando X-ray diffraction (XRD) . Space resolution was achieved ...

In the present study, a series of H-ZSM-22 mesoporous catalysts resulting from three different desilication treatments (NaOH treatment, treatment using mixtures of NaOH/CTAB and using mixtures of NaOH/TBAOH) and sequential ...

In this work, an extensive investigation of the preparation of a large body of desilicated ZSM-22 zeolites and their basic characterization is presented. We investigate the effects of the properties of the starting zeolite, ...

We present a comprehensive investigation of the structural, electronic, mechanical, and optical properties of four promising candidates, namely Au2Cs2I6, Ag2GeBaS4, Ag2ZnSnS4, and AgCuPO4, for application in photovoltaic ...

Abstract Au-Au thermocompression bonding is a widely used technique for a variety of applications including hermetic sealing and packaging at a fine pitch. We have investigated the roles of pressure and temperature ...