Earthquakes in the continental crust commonly occur in the upper 15 to 20 km. Recent studies demonstrate that earthquakes also occur in the lower crust of collision zones and play a key role in metamorphic processes that ...

When a rigid rough solid slides on a rigid rough surface, it experiences a random motion in the direction normal to the average contact plane. Here, through simulations of the separation at single-point contact between ...

Understanding fluid flow in rocks is crucial to quantify many natural processes such as ground water flow and naturally triggered seismicity, as well as engineering questions such as displacement of contaminants, the ...

gneous dykes are the main magma transport pathways through the Earth’s crust, and they are considered to mainly accommodate for tectonic extension in volcanic rifts. Dykes are typically considered to result from brittle ...

Ion implantation is an important technique in semiconductor processing and has become a key technology for 4H-SiC devices. Today, aluminum (Al) implantations are routinely used for p-type contacts, p+-emitters, terminations ...

Elasto-plastic fracture toughness tests of a commercially pure iron were performed in air and in hydrogen gas at two different pressures. Some unique characteristics of hydrogen-enhanced cracking were exhibited at both the ...

Grain size reduction due to cataclasis is a key process controlling fault frictional properties during the seismiccycle. We investigated the role of cleavage planes on fracturing and microstructural evolution during ...

Centuries of work have highlighted the importance of several characteristics on fracture propagation. However, the relative importance of each characteristic on the likelihood of propagation remains elusive. We rank this ...

The thermoelectric properties of 54 different group 4 half-Heusler (HH) alloys have been studied from first principles. Electronic transport was studied with density functional theory using hybrid functionals facilitated ...

Functionalization of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with noble metals is a promising way for producing new versatile catalysts that will combine the outstanding porosity and specific surface area of MOFs with high catalytic ...

Fluid-induced alteration of rocks and mineral-based materials often starts at confined mineral interfaces where nm-thick water films can persist even at high overburden pressures and at low vapor pressures. These films ...

The impact of hydrogen in ZnO is revealed by combining reaction dynamics calculations with temperature dependent Hall (TDH), photoluminescence, and secondary ion mass spectrometry measurements performed on H, 2H, and He ...

Bimetallic nanocatalysts are key enablers of current chemical technologies, including car exhaust converters and fuel cells, and play a crucial role in industry to promote a wide range of chemical reactions. However, owing ...

Deducing relations between the dynamic characteristics of landslides and rockfalls and the resultant high‐frequency (>1 Hz) seismic signal is challenging. To investigate relations that can be tested in the field, we conducted ...

Ion implantation is a commonly used process step in 4H-SiC device manufacturing to implement precise concentrations of dopant atoms in selected areas and depths. This paper reports on vanadium (V) implantation into ...

Calcium carbonate cements have emerged in the last few years as an attractive candidate for biomedical applications. They can be easily prepared by mixing water with two metastable calcium carbonate phases––amorphous calcium ...

Microscale heterogeneities influence failure mechanisms in the crust. To track the microstructural changes in rock samples when loaded until failure, we employed a novel experimental technique that couples dynamic X‐ray ...

We review and extend a hierarchy of relaxation models for two-phase flow. The models are derived from the non-equilibrium Baer–Nunziato model, which is endowed with relaxation source terms to drive it towards equilibrium. ...

In nature and experiments, a large variety of rupture speeds and front modes along frictional interfaces are observed. Here, we introduce a minimal model for the rupture of homogeneously loaded interfaces with velocity ...

The incomplete understanding of glacier dynamics is a major source of uncertainty in assessments of sea-level rise from land-based ice. Through increased ice discharge into the oceans, accelerating glacier flow has the ...

The successful synthesis of metal−organic framework (MOF) compounds relies on an intricate interplay between the components of the synthesis liquor at the given synthesis conditions. Herein, we explore the interdependence ...

Plain Language Summary Observations have shown that the duration of earthquakes is related to the seismic moment through a power law. The power law exponent is different for regular earthquakes and slow aseismic rupture, ...

The dynamic evolution of fault zones at the seismogenic brittle–ductile transition zone (BDTZ) expresses the delicate interplay between numerous physical and chemical processes. Deformation and fluid flow at the BDTZ are ...

The cubic Ba0.5La0.5CoO3‐δ was synthesized using solid state reaction. The structural properties were determined by the simultaneous refinement of Synchrotron Powder X‐ray Diffraction and Neutron Powder Diffraction data. ...

A selective sampling procedure is applied to reduce the number of density functional theory calculations needed to find energetically favorable grain boundary structures. The procedure is based on a machine learning algorithm ...

Ta3N5 nanotubes (NTs) were obtained from nitridation of Ta2O5 NTs, which were grown directly on Ta foil through a 2-step anodization procedure. With Co(OH)x decoration, a photocurrent density as high as 2.3 mA cm−2 (1.23 ...

Magma intrusions grow to their final geometries by deforming the Earth's crust internally and by displacing the Earth's surface. Interpreting the related displacements in terms of intrusion geometry is key to forecasting ...

Shallow aseismic creep is a key deformation component along plate boundaries that contributes to the energy budget during the seismic cycle. Several major active continental faults show spatial alternation of creeping and ...

When exposed to steam, zeolite catalysts are irreversibly deactivated by loss of acidity and framework degradation caused by dealumination. Steaming typically occurs at elevated temperatures, making it challenging to ...

In this work, upgraded metallurgical grade silicon (UMG-Si) wafer was used to fabricate mesoporous nanostructures, as an effective antireflection layer for solar photovoltaic cells. The length of the vertical Si nanostructure ...

This chapter describes the state of the art in computer simulations in the context of the development of high-efficiency solar cells. It discusses how one analyses by theoretical means the structural, electronic, and optical ...

Rock failure accommodating the emplacement of magmatic intrusions is controlled by the local stress regime within the host rock. Most of the mechanical models addressing rock failure conditions (e.g., for a given tectonic ...

We apply inline electron holography to investigate the electrostatic potential across an individual BaZr0.9Y0.1O3 grain boundary. With holography, we measure a grain boundary potential of −1.3 V. Electron energy loss ...

We report on a deep level transient spectroscopy study of annealing kinetics of a deep, vacancy-hydrogen related level, labeled E5* , at 0.42 eV below the conduction band in hydrogen-implanted n-type silicon. The E5* ...

Understanding the ability of the lower crust to support transient changes in stresses and strain rates during the earthquake cycle requires a detailed investigation of the deformation mechanisms and rheology of deep crustal ...

Peritoneal malignant mesothelioma is a rare disease with a generally poor prognosis and poor response to chemotherapy. To improve survival there is a need for increased molecular understanding of the disease, including ...

Magnesium carbonate production at the industrial scale is a realistic option to reduce the industrial emissions of CO2. Ultrabasic rocks and/or alkaline mine waste provide magnesium sources and are widely available in the ...

Understanding failure and strain localization in porous rock is of fundamental importance in rock physics. Confined compaction experiments on porous rocks have revealed a broad spectrum of failure modes. Techniques such ...

The partial vibrational density of states (pVDOS) of ice Ih, as simulated by first principle modeling based on density functional theory (DFT), is utilized for computing the Cartesian components of the proton and oxygen ...

Mineral inclusions are common and have been widely used to investigate complex geological history. When a rock undergoes cooling and decompression after the entrapment of an inclusion into a host mineral, residual pressure ...

Hydrogen production from water electrolysis is a key enabling energy storage technology for the large-scale deployment of intermittent renewable energy sources. Proton ceramic electrolysers (PCEs) can produce dry pressurized ...

In recent years, the scientific community has shown an increasing interest in regards to the investigation of novel materials for the intercalation of lithium atoms, suitable for application as cathodes in the new generations ...

Advances in triaxial compression deformation apparatus design, dynamic X-ray microtomography imaging, data analysis techniques, and digital volume correlation analysis provide unparalleled access to the in situ four-dimensional ...

Black TiO2 has emerged as one of the most promising photocatalysts recently discovered. The reason behind its catalytic activity is considered to be due to the presence of defects and Ti3+ species at the surface of black ...

We have constructed thin films of organic–inorganic hybrid character by combining titanium tetra-isopropoxide (TTIP) and the nucleobases thymine, uracil or adenine using the molecular layer deposition (MLD) approach. Such ...

Understanding the approach to faulting in continental rocks is critical for identifying processes leading to fracturing in geomaterials and the preparation process of large earthquakes. In situ dynamic X-ray imaging and ...

Single crystalline bulk and epitaxially grown gallium oxide (β–Ga2O3) was irradiated by 0.6 and 1.9 MeV protons to doses ranging from 5 × 109 to 6 × 1014 cm−2 in order to study the impact on charge carrier concentration ...

Cuprous oxide (Cu2O) is a p-type semiconductor with high optical absorption and a direct bandgap of about 2.1 eV, making it an attractive material for photovoltaic applications. For a high-performance photovoltaic device, ...

Ga2O3 is a deep-UV transparent semiconducting oxide being interesting for solar-blind photo detectors e.g. for flame or missile plume detection. The bandgap of about 4.9 eV can be increased by alloying with Al2O3. We have ...

Nanograins (≪1 μm) are common in the principal slip zones of natural and experimental faults, but their formation and influence on fault mechanical behavior are poorly understood. We performed transmission Kikuchi diffraction ...

Importance The reproductive safety of benzodiazepine/z-hypnotic exposure on child longer-term developmental risks remains unresolved. Objective To quantify the association of motor, communication, and attention-defi ...

We have investigated how layered structures of TiO2 and Eu2O3 on the subnanometer scale control the optical absorption, energy transfer, emission and quenching mechanisms in sensitized lanthanide luminescence systems. By ...

The current study extends the insight into solid-state diffusion in alloys of the Platinum Group Metals (PGMs). Thereby, we pave the way for tailor making surface compositions of binary platinum (Pt) – rhodium (Rh) model ...

This paper reviews the geometrical and mechanical evolution of selected groups of kinematic indicators that are frequently used for inferring large-scale geodynamics but are prone to ambiguous shear sense interpretations: ...

The structural and optical properties of magnetron sputtered thin films of (ZnO)1−x(GaN)x deposited on zinc oxide, sapphire, and silicon oxide are studied as a function of strain accumulation and post‐deposition anneals ...

It is known that the behavior of residual Li in ion implanted ZnO depends on the preferential localization of the implants, in particular, forming characteristic Li depleted or Li pile-up regions for Zn or O sublattice ...

In this work, an in-situ growth approach has been employed to fabricate Al:ZnO/Cu2O/Cu and Al:ZnO/ZnO/Cu2O/Cu heterojunctions using direct current (DC) and radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering technique in a controlled ...

The reactivity of BaZr1−xYxO3−δ (x = 0–0.2) ceramics under 1 atm CO2 at 650 °C for up to 1000 h was investigated in order to elucidate possible degradation processes occurring when the material is applied as a proton-conducting ...

2emissions are of global concern because of climate change. China has become the largest CO2emitter in the world and presently accounts for 30% of global emissions. Here, we analyze the major drivers of energy-related ...

The evolution of sheet resistance of n-type In2O3 and Ga2O3 exposed to bombardment with MeV 12C and 28Si ions at 35 K is studied in situ. While the sheet resistance of Ga2O3 increased by more than eight orders of magnitude ...

A new model for hydrogen-assisted fatigue crack growth (HAFCG) in BCC iron under a gaseous hydrogen environment has been established based on various methods of observation, i.e., electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), ...

A systematic investigation is performed to determine the effects of the concentration of silver on metal assisted chemical etching (MaCE) for nanostructure formation mechanisms on silicon as well as their resultant optical ...

Thio-olivines such as (Fe,Mn)2(Si,Ge)S4 have been proposed as candidate earthabundant materials for single and multi-junction solar cells. In this work we present the first investigation of Mn2SiS4thin films prepared by ...

Band gap grading of Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) solar cells can be achieved by varying the Sr = [S]/([S] + [Se]) ratio in the absorber layer with depth. One approach is a two-step annealing process where the absorber is first ...

Humeri of Pessopteryx nisseri and vertebrae referred to Cymbospondylus sp. are described from the Lower Saurian niveau at Marmierfjellet, Spitsbergen. This is the most well-preserved Cymbospondylus material described from ...

Silicon-based tandem solar cells incorporating low-cost, abundant, and non-toxic metal oxide materials can increase the conversion efficiency of silicon solar cells beyond their conventional limitations with obvious economic ...

Strain localization is ubiquitous in geodynamics and occurs at all scales within the lithosphere. How the lithosphere accommodates deformation controls, for example, the structure of orogenic belts and the architecture of ...

This Perspective presents an overview on recent experimental and computational studies on the off-cycle reactions of palladium- and nickel-catalyzed cross-couplings. Several reactions entering or leaving the catalytic cycle ...

Novel aluminum and indium doped zinc oxide (ZnO) bilayer transparent conducting oxide thin films was fabricated by simple sol-gel spin coating method and post-annealed at 500 °C for an hour under nitrogen ambient for solar ...

This work describes the synthesis and investigation of improved SUZ-4 catalysts (SZR framework) and their application in methanol-to-olefins and methane-to-methanol conversion. We report boron containing, dealuminated and ...

The deactivation of zeolite catalyst H-ZSM-5 by coking during the conversion of methanol to hydrocarbons was monitored by high-energy space- and time-resolved operando X-ray diffraction (XRD) . Space resolution was achieved ...

In the present study, a series of H-ZSM-22 mesoporous catalysts resulting from three different desilication treatments (NaOH treatment, treatment using mixtures of NaOH/CTAB and using mixtures of NaOH/TBAOH) and sequential ...

In this work, an extensive investigation of the preparation of a large body of desilicated ZSM-22 zeolites and their basic characterization is presented. We investigate the effects of the properties of the starting zeolite, ...

Due to the low absorption coefficients of crystalline silicon-based solar cells, researchers have focused on non-silicon semiconductors with direct band gaps for the development of novel photovoltaic devices. In this study, ...

Volcanic eruptions pose a threat to lives and property when volcano flanks and surroundings are densely populated. The local impact of an eruption depends firstly on its location, whether it occurs near a volcano summit, ...

Using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory, we study the magnetic and electronic properties of hole-doped two-dimensional InSe. Our simulations reveal that although 2D InSe is intrinsically ...

In this paper, we investigate three different passivating films for use in predictable quantum efficient detectors: two monolayer films of SiNx with different compositions and one double-layer stack of SiNxOy capped with ...

The direct manipulation of individual atoms in materials using scanning probe microscopy has been a seminal achievement of nanotechnology. Recent advances in imaging resolution and sample stability have made scanning ...

Interest in the bulk transition metal dichalcogenides for their electronic, photovoltaic, and optical properties has grown and led to their use in many technological applications. We present a systematic investigation of ...

We present detailed characteristics of linear polarization features (LPFs) in the quiet-Sun photosphere from high-resolution observations obtained with SUNRISE/IMaX. We explore differently treated data with various noise ...

We use 3D magnetohydrodynamic CO5BOLD model atmospheres to study the interplay between magnetic fields and convection in the atmospheres of red giant stars. We find that vortex-like structures occur prominently in stars ...

The carbon vacancy (VC) is a major limiting-defect of minority carrier lifetime in n-type 4H-SiC epitaxial layers and it is readily formed during high temperature processing. In this study, a kinetics model is put forward ...

Digital volume correlation analysis of time‐resolved X‐ray microtomography scans acquired during in situ triaxial compression of Green River shale cores provided time series of 3‐D incremental strain fields that elucidated ...

Transition metal containing polyanion compounds are effective excellent electrode materials for sodium-ion batteries due to their high intrinsic electrochemical potentials and to the resulting high energy density. Iron ...

Variation of electron-induced x-ray emission with the crystal direction of an incoming electron beam (channeling) is used to study the crystal site preference of different elements in a promising thermoelectric half-Heusler ...

The mechanics of magma emplacement in the Earth's crust corresponds to the flow of a viscous fluid into a deforming solid. The Earth's crust through which magma is emplaced is visco-elasto-plastic, and field observations ...

Interpretation of seismic data has played a major role in recent advances in the studies of igneous sill complexes. Seismic modelling studies based on field analogues represent a promising tool to close the scale gap between ...

The influence of Fermi level position and annealing ambient on the zinc vacancy VZn generation and Al diffusion is studied in monocrystalline zinc oxide (ZnO). From secondary-ion mass spectrometry and positron annihilation ...

Nitric oxide (NO) produced by mammalian nitric oxide synthases (mNOSs) is an important mediator in a variety of physiological functions. Crystal structures of mNOSs have shown strong conservation of the active‐site residue ...

We present a comprehensive investigation of the structural, electronic, mechanical, and optical properties of four promising candidates, namely Au2Cs2I6, Ag2GeBaS4, Ag2ZnSnS4, and AgCuPO4, for application in photovoltaic ...

Electronic states in the upper part of the bandgap of reduced and/or hydrogenated n-type rutile TiO2 single crystals have been studied by means of thermal admittance and deep-level transient spectroscopy measurements. The ...

With the continuous scaling of the CMOS technology, the CMOS circuits are considered to be more tolerant to Single event Latchup (SEL) effects due to the reduction in the supply voltages. This paper reports the results ...

Abstract Au-Au thermocompression bonding is a widely used technique for a variety of applications including hermetic sealing and packaging at a fine pitch. We have investigated the roles of pressure and temperature ...

We herein report inter-diffusion across the interface between p-type Ni0.98Li0.02O and n-type Zn0.98Al0.02O for various applications including p-n-heterojunction diodes and oxide thermoelectrics. Diffusion couples were ...

Over the last few years, genomic studies on Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of all known plague epidemics, have considerably increased in numbers, spanning a period of about 5,000 y. Nonetheless, questions concerning ...

Flavodoxins (Flds) are small, bacterial proteins that transfer electrons to various redox enzymes. Flavodoxins are reduced by ferredoxin/flavodoxin NADP+ oxidoreductases (FNRs), but little is known of the FNR-Fld interaction. ...