The purpose of this study was to find whether exosomes can function as biomarkers for acute leukemia in children, with the long-term goal to assess whether exosomes can be used to predict risk of relapse.

Progress in the production of consistent, viable anti-cancer vaccines has been hampered by the lack of a fitting adjuvant capable of eliciting a targeted, cytotoxic response against tumours. The cytokine interleukin 12p70 ...

The proteins of the α-D-phosphohexomutase superfamily are important in several metabolic processes in all kingdoms of life. Many of the superfamily members are, however, severely understudied. Two of the less studied human ...

Aquaculture is an important industry in Norway, particularly the production of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Health problems and environmental impacts during the seawater stage are limiting factors for the industry. ...

The Gram-negative bacterium, Acinetobacter baumannii, is one of the leading causes of drug resistant hospital-acquired infections in humans. Owing to its ability to easily acquire resistance genes and to survive in the ...

Production of autoantibodies by TG2-specific gut plasma cells is a hallmark of celiac disease. Previous studies have revealed biased selection of IGHV and IGKV gene segments, low number of mutations and preferential targeting ...

microRNAs (miRNAs) are short RNA molecules, which post-transcriptionally regulate other genes. They are generated from genome-encoded single-stranded hairpin structures, by a set of RNA-processing enzymes. miRNAs are highly ...

Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. In Norwegian men, prostate cancer (PCa) was the most commonly diagnosed cancer and second most frequent cause of cancer death in 2017. The tumor microenvironment (TME), ...

Whole exome sequencing was performed to identify putative disease-causing variants in a girl with macrocephaly, epilepsy and severe mental retardation, who had an unknown molecular diagnosis. Compound heterozygous SZT2 ...

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the subtypes of leukemia that is genetically and medically heterogeneous. The FLT3-ITD mutant variant is one of its form of leukemia, that constitutes 30% of the occurrences. This ...

Sarcomas arise in patients of all ages and account for approximately 1% of new cancer diagnoses in Norway and the United States. Osteosarcoma is a subtype of sarcoma that typically affects children and adolescents and ...

Gram-negative bacteria use different protein secretion systems, ranging from type I through type IX, to invade the host and cause infections. Proteins of the type V secretion system, called autotransporters, can autonomously ...

Background: Increased plasma glucose levels in pregnancy or gestational diabetes may have implications for future maternal health, such as increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) developing within 10 years. ...

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, currently affecting 50 million people worldwide. While plaques of misfolded protein amyloid-beta (Aβ) are a hallmark of the disease, drugs targeted to reduce ...

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most prevalent non-cutaneous cancer and second leading cause of cancer-related death among men in Western countries. Knowledge of its underlying molecular mechanism is necessary to characterise ...

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a mature B-cell malignancy that most often affects the elderly. CLL cells depend on their microenvironment for their extended growth and survival. CLL cells are difficult to grow “in ...

ErbB2 is one of the four members of the epidermal growth factor family of receptor tyrosine kinases, which mediate the activation of several signaling pathways that lead to cell proliferation, survival, differentiation and ...

When encountering environmental stress, cells alter their gene expression pattern which primarily occurs at translational level. This leads to rapid changes in the protein repertoire, making the cells more able to adapt ...

Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are highly stable chemicals that are widespread in nature with potential hazardous effects in humans and wildlife. POPs have been used in a multitude of industrial applications and ...

In bacteria an RNA pyrophosphohydrolase (RppH) has been shown to remove pyrophosphate (PPi) from the 5’ end of mRNAs thereby allowing binding of RNases that degrade the transcripts. In previous master projects a gene that ...

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), the primary agent of human tuberculosis (TB), is a global problem of pandemic dimensions, despite the introduction of antibiotics against the disease happened more than 70 years ago. Today ...

Breast cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer affecting females in world today and poses a serious public health problem worldwide. Even though the overall survival has increased significantly the last decades, the ...

Purpose: The purpose and aim of this project was to investigate immune contexture according to tumour molecular subtype, and ER status. To find the interrelationship between serum cytokine levels and specific tumour cell ...

In recent years, environmental concerns and global temperature increase has attracted a wide interest. Global temperature has increased in the recent years, and will continue to do so in the near future. How organisms, ...

The medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) spatially modulated neurons, including grid cells, all contribute to the brain's spatial navigation system. The mechanisms behind the grid cells' hexagonal firing pattern in space remain ...

Malignant melanomas are one of the most devastating forms of cancers with high mortality rate. The melanoma cells readily spread to distant organs, where the cancer cells interact with stromal cells. Such interaction can ...

Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer when discovered in advanced stages. Early detection with surgical tumor removal is still the most effective treatment option. Novel treatment options such as small molecular ...

Methylation is the transfer of a methyl group from a methyl donor to a substrate, and such reactions are catalyzed by enzymes called methyltransferases (MTases). The methyl donor for cellular methylation reactions is most ...

In humans, objectively measured cardiovascular fitness is a good predictor of cognitive performance and of the risk to suffer from dementia. This association remains to be explained mechanistically, but altered mitochondrial ...

Yersinia ruckeri is a causative agent of yersiniosis or enteric redmouth disease (ERM) in salmonid fish. It leads to significant economic losses in fish aquaculture industry each year. The exact virulence mechanism and ...

The interaction between the hippocampus and parahippocampal region is essential for the processing and storage of episodic memories. Spatial memory is a form of episodic memory, which entails the details of the what, when ...