Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. In Norwegian men, prostate cancer (PCa) was the most commonly diagnosed cancer and second most frequent cause of cancer death in 2017. The tumor microenvironment (TME), ...

Whole exome sequencing was performed to identify putative disease-causing variants in a girl with macrocephaly, epilepsy and severe mental retardation, who had an unknown molecular diagnosis. Compound heterozygous SZT2 ...

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the subtypes of leukemia that is genetically and medically heterogeneous. The FLT3-ITD mutant variant is one of its form of leukemia, that constitutes 30% of the occurrences. This ...

Sarcomas arise in patients of all ages and account for approximately 1% of new cancer diagnoses in Norway and the United States. Osteosarcoma is a subtype of sarcoma that typically affects children and adolescents and ...

Gram-negative bacteria use different protein secretion systems, ranging from type I through type IX, to invade the host and cause infections. Proteins of the type V secretion system, called autotransporters, can autonomously ...

microRNAs (miRNAs) are short RNA molecules, which post-transcriptionally regulate other genes. They are generated from genome-encoded single-stranded hairpin structures, by a set of RNA-processing enzymes. miRNAs are highly ...

Background: Increased plasma glucose levels in pregnancy or gestational diabetes may have implications for future maternal health, such as increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) developing within 10 years. ...

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most prevalent non-cutaneous cancer and second leading cause of cancer-related death among men in Western countries. Knowledge of its underlying molecular mechanism is necessary to characterise ...

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, currently affecting 50 million people worldwide. While plaques of misfolded protein amyloid-beta (Aβ) are a hallmark of the disease, drugs targeted to reduce ...

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a mature B-cell malignancy that most often affects the elderly. CLL cells depend on their microenvironment for their extended growth and survival. CLL cells are difficult to grow “in ...

ErbB2 is one of the four members of the epidermal growth factor family of receptor tyrosine kinases, which mediate the activation of several signaling pathways that lead to cell proliferation, survival, differentiation and ...

Purpose: The purpose and aim of this project was to investigate immune contexture according to tumour molecular subtype, and ER status. To find the interrelationship between serum cytokine levels and specific tumour cell ...

Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are highly stable chemicals that are widespread in nature with potential hazardous effects in humans and wildlife. POPs have been used in a multitude of industrial applications and ...

When encountering environmental stress, cells alter their gene expression pattern which primarily occurs at translational level. This leads to rapid changes in the protein repertoire, making the cells more able to adapt ...

In bacteria an RNA pyrophosphohydrolase (RppH) has been shown to remove pyrophosphate (PPi) from the 5’ end of mRNAs thereby allowing binding of RNases that degrade the transcripts. In previous master projects a gene that ...

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), the primary agent of human tuberculosis (TB), is a global problem of pandemic dimensions, despite the introduction of antibiotics against the disease happened more than 70 years ago. Today ...

Breast cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer affecting females in world today and poses a serious public health problem worldwide. Even though the overall survival has increased significantly the last decades, the ...

In recent years, environmental concerns and global temperature increase has attracted a wide interest. Global temperature has increased in the recent years, and will continue to do so in the near future. How organisms, ...

The medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) spatially modulated neurons, including grid cells, all contribute to the brain's spatial navigation system. The mechanisms behind the grid cells' hexagonal firing pattern in space remain ...

Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer when discovered in advanced stages. Early detection with surgical tumor removal is still the most effective treatment option. Novel treatment options such as small molecular ...

Malignant melanomas are one of the most devastating forms of cancers with high mortality rate. The melanoma cells readily spread to distant organs, where the cancer cells interact with stromal cells. Such interaction can ...

Yersinia ruckeri is a causative agent of yersiniosis or enteric redmouth disease (ERM) in salmonid fish. It leads to significant economic losses in fish aquaculture industry each year. The exact virulence mechanism and ...

Methylation is the transfer of a methyl group from a methyl donor to a substrate, and such reactions are catalyzed by enzymes called methyltransferases (MTases). The methyl donor for cellular methylation reactions is most ...

In humans, objectively measured cardiovascular fitness is a good predictor of cognitive performance and of the risk to suffer from dementia. This association remains to be explained mechanistically, but altered mitochondrial ...

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal neoplasm of the gastrointestinal tract. Between 60 and 95% of GISTs are defined and diagnosed by the expression of KIT, a tyrosine kinase receptor (TKR) ...

Understanding the normal development of the human gut microbiome is of great interest. This is mainly due to possibilities for predicting and preventing disease and developing probiotic treatments. Escherichia coli (E. ...

The interaction between the hippocampus and parahippocampal region is essential for the processing and storage of episodic memories. Spatial memory is a form of episodic memory, which entails the details of the what, when ...

Natural Killer (NK) cells take part in protective immune responses against infections or malignant transformations. They distinguish healthy from abnormal cells by assessing expression levels of MHC class I, that provide ...

Frequently, DNA studies on parasitic Hymenoptera have revealed host specific cryptic species from complexes previously thought of as single generalist species. The parasitic Hymenoptera genus, Pteromalus, involves members ...

Base excision repair (BER) is the major pathway for repairing oxidative DNA damages. This pathway is initiated by different DNA glycosylases. DNA glycosylases can recognise and remove DNA base lesions, and are also potential ...

Transposable elements (TEs) comprise a major proportion of most large eukaryotic genomes. Through different mechanisms of transposition, TEs can move within genomes and cause genomic rearrangements. Large-scale studies of ...