microRNAs (miRNAs) are short RNA molecules, which post-transcriptionally regulate other genes. They are generated from genome-encoded single-stranded hairpin structures, by a set of RNA-processing enzymes. miRNAs are highly ...

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a mature B-cell malignancy that most often affects the elderly. CLL cells depend on their microenvironment for their extended growth and survival. CLL cells are difficult to grow “in ...

ErbB2 is one of the four members of the epidermal growth factor family of receptor tyrosine kinases, which mediate the activation of several signaling pathways that lead to cell proliferation, survival, differentiation and ...

Purpose: The purpose and aim of this project was to investigate immune contexture according to tumour molecular subtype, and ER status. To find the interrelationship between serum cytokine levels and specific tumour cell ...

In bacteria an RNA pyrophosphohydrolase (RppH) has been shown to remove pyrophosphate (PPi) from the 5’ end of mRNAs thereby allowing binding of RNases that degrade the transcripts. In previous master projects a gene that ...

When encountering environmental stress, cells alter their gene expression pattern which primarily occurs at translational level. This leads to rapid changes in the protein repertoire, making the cells more able to adapt ...

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), the primary agent of human tuberculosis (TB), is a global problem of pandemic dimensions, despite the introduction of antibiotics against the disease happened more than 70 years ago. Today ...

Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are highly stable chemicals that are widespread in nature with potential hazardous effects in humans and wildlife. POPs have been used in a multitude of industrial applications and ...

Breast cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer affecting females in world today and poses a serious public health problem worldwide. Even though the overall survival has increased significantly the last decades, the ...

In recent years, environmental concerns and global temperature increase has attracted a wide interest. Global temperature has increased in the recent years, and will continue to do so in the near future. How organisms, ...

The medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) spatially modulated neurons, including grid cells, all contribute to the brain's spatial navigation system. The mechanisms behind the grid cells' hexagonal firing pattern in space remain ...

Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer when discovered in advanced stages. Early detection with surgical tumor removal is still the most effective treatment option. Novel treatment options such as small molecular ...

Malignant melanomas are one of the most devastating forms of cancers with high mortality rate. The melanoma cells readily spread to distant organs, where the cancer cells interact with stromal cells. Such interaction can ...

Yersinia ruckeri is a causative agent of yersiniosis or enteric redmouth disease (ERM) in salmonid fish. It leads to significant economic losses in fish aquaculture industry each year. The exact virulence mechanism and ...

In humans, objectively measured cardiovascular fitness is a good predictor of cognitive performance and of the risk to suffer from dementia. This association remains to be explained mechanistically, but altered mitochondrial ...

Methylation is the transfer of a methyl group from a methyl donor to a substrate, and such reactions are catalyzed by enzymes called methyltransferases (MTases). The methyl donor for cellular methylation reactions is most ...

The interaction between the hippocampus and parahippocampal region is essential for the processing and storage of episodic memories. Spatial memory is a form of episodic memory, which entails the details of the what, when ...

Natural Killer (NK) cells take part in protective immune responses against infections or malignant transformations. They distinguish healthy from abnormal cells by assessing expression levels of MHC class I, that provide ...

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal neoplasm of the gastrointestinal tract. Between 60 and 95% of GISTs are defined and diagnosed by the expression of KIT, a tyrosine kinase receptor (TKR) ...

Base excision repair (BER) is the major pathway for repairing oxidative DNA damages. This pathway is initiated by different DNA glycosylases. DNA glycosylases can recognise and remove DNA base lesions, and are also potential ...

Frequently, DNA studies on parasitic Hymenoptera have revealed host specific cryptic species from complexes previously thought of as single generalist species. The parasitic Hymenoptera genus, Pteromalus, involves members ...

Understanding the normal development of the human gut microbiome is of great interest. This is mainly due to possibilities for predicting and preventing disease and developing probiotic treatments. Escherichia coli (E. ...

Transposable elements (TEs) comprise a major proportion of most large eukaryotic genomes. Through different mechanisms of transposition, TEs can move within genomes and cause genomic rearrangements. Large-scale studies of ...

The inhibitory G protein (Gi) has been proposed to participate in β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) signaling, but not in β1-adrenergic receptor (β1AR) signaling. Pertussis toxin (PTX) ADP-ribosylates and inhibits Gi, and ...

Autophagy and apoptosis are two important cellular processes, whose dysfunctions are involved in many severe diseases, including cancer. Bulk autophagy is typically mediated by the sequestration of cytoplasmic material ...

Malignant melanoma is an aggressive type of skin cancer which urgently requires new and efficient treatment strategies. A novel targeted agent for advanced melanoma, vemurafenib, has shown high response rates among patients ...

Mitochondrial disorders constitute a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of diseases that arise as a result of dysfunction of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. They can be caused by mutations in either the ...

The vertebrate immune system is an enormously complex arrangement of a large number of interdependent cell types, responsible for fending off harmful invasive organisms as well as aberrant cells within the host itself. The ...

Abstract E. coli AlkB protein was discovered three decades ago and is known to be involved in direct damage reversal of methylation lesions in DNA and RNA through oxidative demethylation. The protein belongs to the superfamily ...

In aquaculture today, vaccination of farmed fish is successfully providing protection against many of the most common pathogens. However, while vaccines are most commonly given as a single injection, this is not the ideal ...

Preliminary data from our research group indicated that mucosal CD1a+ dendritic cells (DCs) possessed immune regulatory potentials, and the initial aim of this project was thus to study the functional properties of CD1a+CD1c+ ...

We have studied changes in the Golgi morphology in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells as a result of chemically induced DNA damage, and how such morphological change affects synthesis and sorting of sulphated PGs in the cell line.

Congenital disorders of glycosylation are a multifaceted group of disorders affecting mul- tiple organs with phenotypes ranging from mild to severe.Congenital disorders of glycosylation are a multifaceted group of disorders ...

Phthalates are chemicals used as plasticizers in various plastics and consumer products, including PVC products, personal care products and pharmaceutical applicants. These chemicals may migrate into the environment, food ...