The medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) spatially modulated neurons, including grid cells, all contribute to the brain's spatial navigation system. The mechanisms behind the grid cells' hexagonal firing pattern in space remain ...

In humans, objectively measured cardiovascular fitness is a good predictor of cognitive performance and of the risk to suffer from dementia. This association remains to be explained mechanistically, but altered mitochondrial ...

Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer when discovered in advanced stages. Early detection with surgical tumor removal is still the most effective treatment option. Novel treatment options such as small molecular ...

Malignant melanomas are one of the most devastating forms of cancers with high mortality rate. The melanoma cells readily spread to distant organs, where the cancer cells interact with stromal cells. Such interaction can ...

Methylation is the transfer of a methyl group from a methyl donor to a substrate, and such reactions are catalyzed by enzymes called methyltransferases (MTases). The methyl donor for cellular methylation reactions is most ...

Yersinia ruckeri is a causative agent of yersiniosis or enteric redmouth disease (ERM) in salmonid fish. It leads to significant economic losses in fish aquaculture industry each year. The exact virulence mechanism and ...

Natural Killer (NK) cells take part in protective immune responses against infections or malignant transformations. They distinguish healthy from abnormal cells by assessing expression levels of MHC class I, that provide ...

Frequently, DNA studies on parasitic Hymenoptera have revealed host specific cryptic species from complexes previously thought of as single generalist species. The parasitic Hymenoptera genus, Pteromalus, involves members ...

Base excision repair (BER) is the major pathway for repairing oxidative DNA damages. This pathway is initiated by different DNA glycosylases. DNA glycosylases can recognise and remove DNA base lesions, and are also potential ...

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal neoplasm of the gastrointestinal tract. Between 60 and 95% of GISTs are defined and diagnosed by the expression of KIT, a tyrosine kinase receptor (TKR) ...

Understanding the normal development of the human gut microbiome is of great interest. This is mainly due to possibilities for predicting and preventing disease and developing probiotic treatments. Escherichia coli (E. ...

The interaction between the hippocampus and parahippocampal region is essential for the processing and storage of episodic memories. Spatial memory is a form of episodic memory, which entails the details of the what, when ...

Transposable elements (TEs) comprise a major proportion of most large eukaryotic genomes. Through different mechanisms of transposition, TEs can move within genomes and cause genomic rearrangements. Large-scale studies of ...

The inhibitory G protein (Gi) has been proposed to participate in β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) signaling, but not in β1-adrenergic receptor (β1AR) signaling. Pertussis toxin (PTX) ADP-ribosylates and inhibits Gi, and ...

Malignant melanoma is an aggressive type of skin cancer which urgently requires new and efficient treatment strategies. A novel targeted agent for advanced melanoma, vemurafenib, has shown high response rates among patients ...

Mitochondrial disorders constitute a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of diseases that arise as a result of dysfunction of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. They can be caused by mutations in either the ...

Abstract E. coli AlkB protein was discovered three decades ago and is known to be involved in direct damage reversal of methylation lesions in DNA and RNA through oxidative demethylation. The protein belongs to the superfamily ...

Autophagy and apoptosis are two important cellular processes, whose dysfunctions are involved in many severe diseases, including cancer. Bulk autophagy is typically mediated by the sequestration of cytoplasmic material ...

The vertebrate immune system is an enormously complex arrangement of a large number of interdependent cell types, responsible for fending off harmful invasive organisms as well as aberrant cells within the host itself. The ...

We have studied changes in the Golgi morphology in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells as a result of chemically induced DNA damage, and how such morphological change affects synthesis and sorting of sulphated PGs in the cell line.

The verification of the protein content in membrane fractions after separation of Gram-negative bacterial membranes is to date a tedious and demanding process. With this project, we wanted to create Escherichia coli (E. ...

In this thesis I present new data on long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) from one of the earliest diverging lineages in the animal kingdom. The ultimate motivation for this work was to understand how unicellular eukaryotes ...

Congenital disorders of glycosylation are a multifaceted group of disorders affecting mul- tiple organs with phenotypes ranging from mild to severe.Congenital disorders of glycosylation are a multifaceted group of disorders ...

Phthalates are chemicals used as plasticizers in various plastics and consumer products, including PVC products, personal care products and pharmaceutical applicants. These chemicals may migrate into the environment, food ...

Neisseriaceae er en familie med Gram-negative bakterier som består av både patogene og ikke-patogene bakterier. De to viktigste sykdomsfremkallende er meningokokker (Neisseria meningitidis), som kan forårsake meningokokksykdom ...

Summary The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is a major histocompatibility complex class-I related molecule that plays a key role in in several immunological and non-immunological processes, such as transfer of immunoglobulin ...

In aquaculture today, vaccination of farmed fish is successfully providing protection against many of the most common pathogens. However, while vaccines are most commonly given as a single injection, this is not the ideal ...

Preliminary data from our research group indicated that mucosal CD1a+ dendritic cells (DCs) possessed immune regulatory potentials, and the initial aim of this project was thus to study the functional properties of CD1a+CD1c+ ...

METODER: Heleksomsekvensering (WES) ble brukt til å identifisere potensielle sykdomsgivende varianter i to brødre med «Dravet-like» progressiv epileptisk encephalopati født av inngiftede foreldre ved analyse av en invertert ...

DNA glycosylases play an important role in DNA repair, keeping at bay the accumulation of DNA damage. Neil3 has been shown to be a functional DNA glycosylase in vitro with a proliferative tissue-specific expression, highly ...

Abstract Liver fibrosis results from chronic injury to the liver. There are several causes of liver fibrosis, including substance abuse (hepatotoxic agents), chronic infections and congenital metabolic disorders, which may ...

Background: Tumor-infiltrating immune cells analyzed by immunohistochemistry are reported as alternative prognostic factors to supplement TNM staging in operable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but little is done by ...

In angiosperms, seed development is a tightly regulated process often involving different epigenetic mechanisms such as a phenomenon known as imprinting that regulates parental gene expression in a parent-of-origin-dependent ...

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, has been treated with the same arsenal of antibiotics since the 1970 s; and with an estimated one third of the world s population latently infected at the moment, ...