Targeting the DNA damage response to selectively kill cancer cells is a topic of great interest in the field of cancer research. Inhibitors of the cell cycle checkpoint kinases WEE1, CHK1 and ATR have been developed, and ...

Background The availability of preferred habitats determines the spatial and temporal distribution of herbivores in savanna ecosystems. Understanding habitat preference of a targeted wildlife species is ...

Background Advances in whole genome sequencing strategies have provided the opportunity for genomic and comparative genomic analysis of a vast variety of organisms. The analysis results are highly dependent on the quality ...

Sustainable production of biofuels from lignocellulose feedstocks depends on cheap enzymes for degradation of such biomass. Plants offer a safe and cost‐effective production platform for biopharmaceuticals, vaccines and ...

Background Graph-based reference genomes have become popular as they allow read mapping and follow-up analyses in settings where the exact haplotypes underlying a high-throughput sequencing experiment are ...

Background The invasive benthic round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) is the most successful temperate invasive fish and has spread in aquatic ecosystems on both sides of the Atlantic. Invasive species ...

Background Lipid nanocapsules (LNCs) are promising vehicles for drug delivery. However, since not much was known about cellular toxicity of these nanoparticles in themselves, we have here investigated the ...

Background Mutations in the N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) can cause degenerative polyneuropathy in humans, dogs, and rodents. In humans, this motor and sensory neuropathy is known as Charcot-Marie-Tooth ...

Background The geographical expansion of the tick Ixodes ricinus in northern Europe is a serious concern for animal and human health. The pathogen Anaplasma phagocytophilum is transmitted by ticks and ...

On 3 August 1900, bubonic plague (Yersinia pestis) broke out in Glasgow for the first time during the Third Pandemic. The local sanitary authorities rigorously tracked the spread of the disease and they found that nearly ...

Background The impressive adaptive radiation of notothenioid fishes in Antarctic waters is generally thought to have been facilitated by an evolutionary key innovation, antifreeze glycoproteins, permitting ...

Friend or foe? Bacteria are often recognized for causing illness and fatal diseases, but many bacteria are harmless and can even serve beneficial roles in their hosts. In this doctoral work, Nelson Wang investigated both ...

The increasing technological efficiency of harvesting equipment has been identified as one of the main causes of overcapacity and overexploitation of natural resources. In this paper, a formal model is developed which ...

Fungi are crucial components in all ecosystems, as decomposers and recyclers of organic matter, as pathogens and as beneficial symbionts with plants. Several recent studies indicate that the borders between these ecological ...

Marine coastal areas are among the most productive ecosystems in the world. Protists are an extremely diverse group of mostly unicellular microeukaryotes and includes the microalgae. They are the basis for the majority of ...

Background Anaplasma phagocytophilum is currently regarded as a single species. However, molecular studies indicate that it can be subdivided into ecotypes, each with distinct but overlapping transmission ...

The aim of this thesis was to combine computational and experimental methods to engineer high affinity gluten pMHC specific antibodies, validate them, and use them to study peptide presentation in CeD patients and explore ...

Background Understanding the phylogenetic relationships among species is one of the main goals of systematic biology. Simultaneously, credible phylogenetic hypotheses are often the first requirement for ...

Objective Earlier studies documenting the effect of candidate genes on recovery have seldom taken into consideration the impact of emotional distress. Thus, we aimed to assess the modifying effect of emotional ...

Background Mononuclear cell infiltration of exocrine glands, production of Ro/SSA and La/SSB autoantibodies, along with oral and ocular dryness, are characteristic features of primary Sjögren’s syndrome ...

Air pollution is the most important environmental risk factor for disease and premature death, and exposure to combustion particles from vehicles is a major contributor. Human epidemiological studies combined with experimental ...

In this work Ignacio Cuervo and co-workers have studied different aspects of the transcriptional regulating processes implicated in embryonic stem cell differentiation and in the regulation and dysregulation of cancer ...

Targeted Thorium-227 Conjugates (TTCs) represent a novel class of cancer therapy currently in preclinical and clinical development. The TTCs consist of the alpha emitter thorium-227 (227Th) complexed to a 3,2-HOPO chelator ...

Ongoing global warming is now affecting migratory cycles in a large variety of taxa in seasonally variable environments. Disruption of migratory systems can cause population decline and affect ecosystem function across the ...

The ability of neurons to encode information and communicate with each other is vital for the normal functioning of our brain and body. The large pyramidal cells of the hippocampus have been of particular interest, due to ...

Hydrurus foetidus is a freshwater alga belonging to the phylum Heterokonta. It thrives in cold rivers in polar and high alpine regions. It has several morphological traits reminiscent of single-celled eukaryotes, but can ...

The importance of survival and growth variations early in life for population dynamics depends on the degrees of compensatory density dependence and size dependence in survival at later life stages. Quantifying density‐ ...

Atmospheric N pollution may shift nutrient limitations in aquatic autotrophs from N to P or cause an intensification of P limitation in formerly pristine areas. Small changes in nutrient supply in oligotrophic lakes and ...

Complement component 5 (C5) is an essential factor of the defensive complement system in all vertebrates. We report the characterization of C5 cDNA and protein from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), a teleost fish species of ...

Bentiske alger og ålegras utgjør to viktige marine habitater langs Norges kystlinje. Bentiske diatomeer som epifytter er ofte funnet på disse. Det er ingen tidligere studier fra tempererte områder av sesongmessig variasjon ...

Horses are the most common grave goods found in Icelandic Viking Age graves. Horse skeletons have previously been sexed based on pelvis shape and the presence of canine teeth in male horses over 4–5 years of age. Morphological ...

Impact assessments for sonar operations typically use received sound levels to predict behavioural disturbance in marine mammals. However, there are indications that cetaceans may learn to associate exposures from distant ...

Yersinia ruckeri is the causative agent of enteric redmouth disease, a bacterial infection of marine and freshwater fish. The disease mainly affects salmonids, and outbreaks have significant economic impact on fish farms ...

Background: Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide and superoxide, trigger biodegradation of polymer-based nanoparticles (NPs) bearing pinacol-type boronic ester groups. These NPs may selectively release ...

Every genome encodes a story of evolution, the remarkable complexity of life. Today, about five decades after Ohno’s momentous proposition on the genetic redundancy being an important driver for the evolution of genetic ...

Background Studying variation in life-history traits and correlated behaviours, such as boldness and foraging (i.e., pace-of-life syndrome), allows us to better understand how these traits evolve in a ...

The SpyCatcher-SpyTag system was developed seven years ago as a method for protein ligation. It is based on a modified domain from a Streptococcus pyogenes surface protein (SpyCatcher), which recognizes a cognate 13-amino-acid ...

Autotransporters, or type 5 secretion systems, are widespread surface proteins of Gram-negative bacteria often associated with virulence functions. Autotransporters consist of an outer membrane β-barrel domain and an ...

Ricin can be isolated from the seeds of the castor bean plant (Ricinus communis). It belongs to the ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) family of toxins classified as a bio-threat agent due to its high toxicity, stability ...

Recent theories in evolutionary medicine have suggested that behavioural outputs associated with depression-like states (DLS) could be an adaptation to unpredictable and precarious situations. In animal models, DLS are ...

Various studies have demonstrated that the two leaflets of cellular membranes interact, potentially through so-called interdigitation between the fatty acyl groups. While the molecular mechanism underlying interleaflet ...

The seasonal cycle of phytoplankton with emphasis on Pseudo-nitzschia was studied at Elle, Drøbak from September 2016 to August 2017. Vertical (1 m) and horizontal net hauls (20 – 0 m), and water samples (1 m) were collected ...

To understand the consequences of underwater noise exposure for cetaceans, there is a need for assessments of behavioural responses over increased spatial and temporal scales. Bottom-moored acoustic recorders and satellite ...

Recent climate change has led to advanced spring phenology in many temperate regions. The phenological response to variation in the local environment, such as the habitat characteristics of the territories birds occupy, ...

Den teknologiske eksplosjonen i næringslivet har vore med på å skape eit behov for teknologisk kompetanse. Utdanningsinstitusjonane og grunnopplæringa har som fylje av dette innført programmering i utdannings- og skuleløp ...

Programmering får en stadig sterkere rolle i de ulike realfagene. Dette ser vi gjennom fagfornyelsen i norsk grunn- og videregående skole, og på behovet i næringslivet. Universitetet i Oslo er blant de første i Norge til ...

An inherent problem with microfluidic filters is the tendency to clog, especially when applied to cells due to their geometrical complexity, deformability, and tendency to adhere to surfaces. In this work, we handle live ...

Sea cage production of salmonid fish delivers a large amount of waste products to the marine environment including dissolved nutrients, organic particles, and chemicals. Recent developments in the Norwegian aquaculture ...

The European autophagy consortium Driving next-generation autophagy researchers towards translation (DRIVE) held its kick-off meeting in Groningen on the 14th and 15th of June 2018. This Marie Skłodowska-Curie Early Training ...

Genetic divergence among populations arises through natural selection or drift and is counteracted by connectivity and gene flow. In sympatric populations, isolating mechanisms are thus needed to limit the homogenizing ...

Background & Aims Development of celiac disease is believed to involve the transglutaminase-dependent response of CD4+ T cells toward deamidated gluten peptides in the intestinal mucosa of individuals with specific ...

Protist community composition and seasonal dynamics are of major importance for the production of higher trophic levels, such as zooplankton and fish. Our aim was to reveal how the protist community in the Skagerrak changes ...

Plankton er essensielle organisme, både fordi mange er primærprodusenter, men også for deres rolle i karbonsyklusen. Flere av dem kan også indikere endringer i miljøet. Å forstå deres livssyklus og sesongendringer I ...

Background The ERBB2 oncogene hypothesis is challenged in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with the conflicting evidences of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression. HER2 could be a new target as a ...

Inflammasomes are potent innate immune signalling complexes that couple cytokine release with pro‐inflammatory cell death. However, pathogens have evolved strategies to evade this cell autonomous system. Here, we show how ...

With the advent of ancient DNA, as well as other methods such as isotope analysis, destructive sampling of archaeofaunal remains has increased much faster than the effort to collect and curate them. While there has been ...

Plague is a vector-borne zoonotic disease caused by Yersinia pestis that produces serious and potentially fatal infections in humans. The transmission of plague to humans can occur through contact with animals, fleas, or ...

Antibodies are essential components of an adaptive immune response. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is the most common type of antibody found in circulation and extracellular fluids. Although IgG alone can directly protect the body ...

Pituitary endocrine cells fire action potentials (APs) to regulate their cytosolic Ca2+ concentration and hormone secretion rate. Depending on animal species, cell type, and biological conditions, pituitary APs are generated ...

Objective. Mechanistic modeling of neurons is an essential component of computational neuroscience that enables scientists to simulate, explain, and explore neural activity. The conventional approach to simulation of ...

Y. ruckeri is the causative agent of enteric redmouth disease (ERM), a serious infection of marine and freshwater fish. ERM is a global problem affecting aquaculture facilities worldwide. Losses caused by ERM can reach up ...

Reproductive output in alpine plants depend on abiotic and biotic factors. Alpine topography creates microhabitats for plants, with abiotic factors, like temperature, snow cover and soil moisture playing an important role ...

Background Brucella is a facultative intracellular pathogen responsible for zoonotic disease brucellosis. Little is known about the molecular basis of Brucella adherence to host cells. In the present study, the possible ...

In animals, cellularization of a coenocyte is a specialized form of cytokinesis that results in the formation of a polarized epithelium during early embryonic development. It is characterized by coordinated assembly of an ...

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the main causative agents of nosocomial infections and the spread of multidrug-resistant strains is rising. Therefore, novel strategies for therapy are urgently required. The outer membrane ...

We present the results of an inventory and status assessment of alien species in Norway. The inventory covered all known multicellular neobiota, 2496 in total, 1039 of which were classified as naturalised. The latter ...

The aim of this study was to investigate differential expression profiles of the brown rot fungus Rhodonia placenta (previously Postia placenta) harvested at several time points when grown on radiata pine (Pinus radiata) ...

Translocation of organisms within or outside its native range carries the risk of modifying the community of the recipient ecosystems and induces gene flow between locally adapted populations or closely related species. ...

Damp indoor environments contaminated with different mold species may contribute to the development and exacerbation of respiratory illnesses. Human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells were exposed to X-ray treated spores ...

The processes limiting the population recovery of the kelp Saccharina latissima after recent large‐scale loss from the south coast of Norway are poorly understood. Previous investigations do, however, suggest that the ...

We investigate whether positive framing increases cooperation in three social dilemmas with slightly different properties: a linear public goods (PG) game, a non-linear PG game, and a common pool resource (CPR) game. Results ...

Well-functioning mating systems are perceived as vital for population growth rate and resilience to environmental change, but we know surprisingly little about the interplay between human-induced mortality and the mating ...

The presence of a multitude of bioactive organic pollutants collectively classified as pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in freshwaters is of concern, considering that ecological assessments of their ...

Satellite telemetry is an increasingly utilized technology in wildlife research, and current devices can track individual animal movements at unprecedented spatial and temporal resolutions. However, as we enter the golden ...

Objectives We report a transcriptome acquisition for the bath sponge Spongia officinalis, a non-model marine organism that hosts rich symbiotic microbial communities. To this end, a pipeline was developed to efficiently ...

Wild animal populations experience selection pressures from both natural and anthropogenic sources. The availability of extensive pedigrees is increasing along with our ability to quantify the heritability and evolvability ...

In their natural environment, marine organisms are exposed to a wide range of chemical and physical factors that can damage their genetic material. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and trace metals (e.g. copper) are ...

Premise of the Study Fungal diversity (richness) trends at large scales are in urgent need of investigation, especially through novel situations that combine long‐term observational with environmental and remotely sensed ...

Due to their antifungal activity, chitosan and its derivatives have potential to be used for treating yeast infections in humans. However, to be considered for use in human medicine, it is necessary to control and know the ...

Background Female promiscuity is highly variable among birds, and particularly among songbirds. Comparative work has identified several patterns of covariation with social, sexual, ecological and life history ...

Bryozoans are a moderately diverse, mostly marine phylum with a fossil record extending to the Early Ordovician. Compared to other phyla, little is known about their phylogenetic relationships at both lower and higher ...

Trimeric autotransporter adhesins (TAAs) are a subset of a larger protein family called the type V secretion systems. They are localized on the cell surface of Gram‐negative bacteria, function as mediators of attachment ...

The impacts of early ecological globalisation may have had profound economic and environmental consequences for human settlements and animal populations. Here, we review the extent of such historical impacts by investigating ...

To monitor and quantify the changes in pollinator communities over time, it is important to have robust survey techniques of insect populations. Pan traps allow for the assessment of the relative insect abundance in an ...

Describing dynamics of belowground organisms, such as fungi, can be challenging. Results of studies based on environmental DNA (eDNA) may be biased as the template does not discriminate between metabolically active cells ...

Hydrurus foetidus is a cold-water golden alga (Chrysophyceae) found in fast-flowing rivers mainly during time of snowmelt. It has primarily been studied by scientists located near alpine or northern locations, but there ...

Cryptic species could represent a substantial fraction of biodiversity. However, inconsistent definitions and taxonomic treatment of cryptic species prevent informed estimates of their contribution to biodiversity and ...

Background Increased availability of genome assemblies for non-model organisms has resulted in invaluable biological and genomic insight into numerous vertebrates, including teleosts. Sequencing of the ...

Over the past ten years the massive use of genomic and transcriptomic technologies has revealed groundbreaking information about the genetic drivers of cancer in general. The knowledge of these drivers is not only fundamental ...

Transmembrane proteins in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria are almost exclusively β-barrels. They are inserted into the outer membrane by a conserved and essential protein complex called the BAM (for β-barrel ...