Advances and retreats of mountain glaciers in Arctic and alpine areas are one of the most visible signs of climatic changes. Glaciers therefore play an important role as sensitive climate change indicators. Glacier products ...

Nye metoder for å analysere laserdata fra NASA-satellitten ICESat viser hvor mye isbreer smelter, og hvor mye snø det ligger på bakken. Dette gir oss økt forståelse om forhold i områder som ellers er vanskelig tilgjengelige. ...

The development of modelling tools for estimating stomatal uptake of surface ozone in vegetation is important for the assessment of potential damage induced due to both current and future near surface ozone concentrations. ...

In plate tectonics scientists study the present and past motions of the lithospheric plates over the Earth’s surface. The reconstruction of the location and orientation of the continents and oceans in deep time is referred ...

Glacier dynamics play an important role in the mass balance of many glaciers, ice caps and ice sheets. In this study we exploit Radarsat-2 (RS-2) Wide Fine (WF) data to determine the surface speed of Svalbard glaciers in ...

The hydrology of glaciers is known to have a significant influence on glacier dynamics. Rapid variations in dynamics can occur due to changes in the glacial and subglacial hydrology. However, our understanding of the ...

In recent years, water shortage is becoming one of the most serious problems in the Poyang Lake. In this paper, the long-term water balance items of the Poyang Lake have been analyzed to reveal the coupling effects of Three ...

Permafrost is present in several parts of Norway and contributes to binding mountain rock walls together, as well as storing potential greenhouse gasses as organic carbon in mires. Global climate changes influence the ...

We have evaluated the magnitude and makeup of error in cryospheric radiation observations due to small sensor misalignment in in situ measurements of solar irradiance. This error is examined through simulation of diffuse ...

In recent years extreme winter warming events have been reported in arctic areas. These events are characterized as extraordinarily warm weather episodes, occasionally combined with intense rainfall, causing ecological ...

Airborne volcanic ash particles are a known hazard to aviation. Currently, there are no means available to detect ash in flight as the particles are too fine (radii < 30 μm) for on-board radar detection and, even in good ...

Observations at surface sites show an increase in global mean surface methane (CH4) of about 180 parts per billion (ppb) (above 10 %) over the period 1984–2012. Over this period there are large fluctuations in the annual ...

In this paper, we semi-automatically classify clean and debris-covered ice for 145 glaciers within Hohe Tauern National Park in the Austrian Alps for the years 1985, 2003, and 2013. We also map the end-summer transient ...

With its temporal resolution of 10 days (five days with two satellites, and significantly more at high latitudes), its swath width of 290 km, and its 10 m and 20 m spatial resolution bands from the visible to the shortwave ...

The springtime snowpack over the Himalayan–Tibetan Plateau (HTP) region and Eurasia has long been suggested to be an influential factor on the onset of the Indian summer monsoon. To assess the impact of realistic initialization ...

Structurally controlled, syn-rift, clastic depocentres are of economic interest as hydrocarbon reservoirs; understanding the structure of their bounding faults is of great relevance, e.g. in the assessment of fault-controlled ...

This master project focuses on the mineralogical changes and re-distribution of S between apatite, monazite and scapolite in the Lindås Nappe, Bergen Arcs, W-Norway. The assemblage developed during the Sveconorwegian ...

The first of two Sentinel-2 satellites, launched mid-2015, has similar characteristics as the Landsat TM/ETM+/OLI satellites. Together, these satellites will produce a tremendous quantity of optical images worldwide for ...

In this study we simulate the climatic mass balance of Svalbard glaciers with a coupled atmosphere–glacier model with 3 km grid spacing, from September 2003 to September 2013. We find a mean specific net mass balance of ...

Projections of three important seasonal rainfall parameters—total precipitation ( pt), wet-day mean (mw) and wet-day frequency ( fw)—considered to be relevant to crop agriculture were performed. Links between large-scale ...

Climate change can cause decline in crops especially in vulnerable areas. In southern Tanzania maize production is expected to decline due to projected future warming and changes in seasonal rainfall patterns and distribution. ...

Using sparsely glaciated southern Norway as a case study, we assess the potential and limitations of ICESat laser altimetry for analysing regional glacier elevation change in rough mountain terrain. Differences between ...

Shrub expansion in high latitudes is a widely observed response to climate change. Extensive evidence has shown that shrub expansion can lead to positive feedbacks to the regional climate. In this study we evaluate the ...

The strong winds prevalent in high altitude and arctic environments heavily redistribute the snow cover, causing a small-scale pattern of highly variable snow depths. This has profound implications for the ground thermal ...

Igneous sills are common components in rifted sedimentary basins globally. Much work has focused on intrusions emplaced at relatively shallow palaeodepths (0 – 1.5 km). However, owing to constraints of seismic reflection ...

Mapping of glacier extents from automated classification of optical satellite images has become a major application of the freely available images from Landsat. A widely applied method is based on segmented ratio images ...

Black carbon (BC) emissions from India for the year 2011 are estimated to be 901.11 ± 151.56 Gg yr−1 based on a new ground-up, GIS-based inventory. The grid-based, spatially resolved emission inventory includes, in addition ...

Late Early Permian–lowermost Triassic carbonate, siliceous (spiculites) and clastic marine sediments in the Marmierfjellet area (Isfjorden, central Spitsbergen) contain a relatively diverse and abundant trace fossil ...

In this study we assess the present-day gas hydrate stability zone for the Barents Sea and Kara Sea region. Thereby, we make use of a data-based 3D lithosphere-scale pressure and thermal model. The resulting gas hydrate ...

The origin of linear features in mountain terrain that form distinct vertical steps is generally not obvious and has been discussed to be related to either tectonic faulting or gravitational slope deformation. A strong ...

Mean-motion resonances play an important role in the evolution of various meteoroid streams. Previous works have studied the effects of two-body resonances in different comets and streams. These already established two-body ...

Climate is one of the major factors controlling agricultural productivity in Africa. Changes in meteorological variables such as rising temperatures, changes in precipitation and increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide ...

Basal pressure has been recorded at the Svartisen Subglacial Laboratory, northern Norway, for 20 years, and is measured by load cells installed at the ice–rock interface under ∼200 m of glacier ice. Synchronous pressure ...

This is the first study to determine the density of questing Ixodes ricinus in northern Norway. It was performed at two sites in Brønnøy, which has been known for its tick permissive habitats for decades and is one of the ...

Amplified warming at high latitudes over the past few decades has led to changes in the boreal and Arctic climate system such as structural changes in high-latitude ecosystems and soil moisture properties. These changes ...

Measurements of atmospheric nitrogen oxides NOx (NOx = NO + NO2), peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), NOy, and non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) were taken at the Greenland Environmental Observatory at Summit (GEOSummit) station, ...

This dissertation investigates the physical structure of the crust and upper mantle in southwestern Scandinavia using different seismological and non-seismologic geophysical methods: 1. The S-wave velocity structure of ...

The main purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that, with appropriate structures, increasing model complexity with the same model concepts would lead to an increase in the model efficiency in simulating either ...

Glaciers are crucial in many countries where meltwater from glaciers is an important source of water for drinking water supply, irrigation, hydropower generation and the ecological system. Glaciers are also important ...

Internal waves are generated when water currents interact with bottom topography, as when tidal flow pass across a sill in a fjord. These internal waves carry energy that is made available for turbulent mixing when the ...

Pore pressure in fine-grained rocks is important with respect to drilling problems such as kicks, blowouts, borehole instability, stuck pipe and lost circulation. In this study, a succession of overpressured, fine-grained, ...

Low-energy ions of ionospheric origin constitute a significant contributor to the magnetospheric plasma population. Measuring cold ions is difficult though. Observations have to be done at sufficiently high altitudes and ...

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) in geological reservoirs – especially saline aquifers – is a key midterm solution to mitigate climate changes caused by increasing anthropogenic CO2. In order to ensure that a CCS project ...

Land-use changes until the beginning of the 20th century made the terrestrial biosphere a net source of atmospheric carbon. Later, burning of fossil fuel surpassed land use changes as the major anthropogenic source of ...

At present, anthropogenic halogens and oceanic emissions of very short-lived substances (VSLSs) both contribute to the observed stratospheric ozone depletion. Emissions of the long-lived anthropogenic halogens have been ...

Globalisation and interregional exchange of people, goods, and services has boosted the importance of and reliance on all kinds of transport networks. The linear structure of road networks is especially sensitive to natural ...

Climate change is one of the most serious environmental threats that humanity has ever been confronted to. Hydrological models are vital tools to asses its impacts on the water cycle and water resources. The goal of this ...

This study investigates the dissipation rates and flow conditions at the Drøbak Sill in the Oslofjord. The area was transected 13 times with a free-falling microstructure shear probe during 4 days in June 2011. At the same ...

This study presents a reconstruction of the seasonal mass balance of Glacier No. 354, located in the Akshiirak range, Kyrgyzstan, from 2003 to 2014. We use a distributed accumulation and temperature-index melt model driven ...

Glacier surging is an internally triggered instability. Surge-type glaciers periodically alternate between long periods of slow flow (the quiescent phase) and short periods of fast flow (the surge phase). Surging yields ...

Satellite imagery is increasingly used to monitor glacier area changes and create glacier inventories. Robust and efficient pixel-based band ratios have proven to be accurate for automatically delineating clean glacier ...

The tomographic scanning (TOSCA) family of imagers collects their raw signals from a line-shaped sensitive area scanned across the image plane. An image is then formed by tomographic reconstruction techniques. A TOSCA ...

Eikonal models have been widely used for traveltime computations in the field of seismic imaging, but they are often criticized for having low accuracy and poor resolution of the output image. Including amplitude information ...

In this study we simulate the climatic mass bal- ance of Svalbard glaciers with a coupled atmosphere–glacier model with 3 km grid spacing, from September 2003 to September 2013. We find a mean specific net ...

Mass loss from glaciers and ice sheets currently accounts for two-thirds of the observed global sea-level rise and has accelerated since the 1990s, coincident with strong atmospheric warming in the polar regions. Here we ...

tWave form modeling is used in a vast number of applications. Therefore, different methods have beendeveloped that exhibit different strengths and weaknesses in accuracy, stability and computational cost.The latter remains ...

The uppermost Ordovician (Hirnantian) of the Oslo Region has been studied at three selected outcrops in the Husbergøya, Langøyene and Solvik formations on the islands Hovedøya, Rambergøya and Langøyene in the inner Oslofjord. ...

Large amounts of CO2 have to be captured, transported, injected and safely stored in the subsurface in order to counteract increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations due to steadily high consumption of energy from fossil ...

River ice breakup has many socio-economic and ecological implications that primarily result from the formation and release of major ice jams. A key driver of breakup processes is the river discharge, but the presence of ...

A number of acquisition constellations for airborne or spaceborne optical images involve small time-lags and produce near-simultaneous images, a type of data which has thus far been little exploited to detect or quantify ...

Sorted soil circles are a form of periglacial patterned ground that is commonly noted for its striking geometric regularity. They consist of an inner fine domain bordered by gravel rings that rise some decimetres above the ...

Ozone and methane are chemically active climate-forcing agents affected by climate–chemistry interactions in the atmosphere. Key chemical reactions and processes affecting ozone and methane are presented. It is shown that ...

The Secchi depth and its relationships to other properties of the sea water in the Oslofjord–Skagerrak area have been investigated. White and black disks of different sizes have been applied, and the Secchi depth has been ...

Mass loss from glaciers and ice sheets currently accounts for two-thirds of the observed global sea-level rise and has accelerated since the 1990s, coincident with strong atmospheric warming in the Polar Regions. Here we ...

A supersaturated fluid flowing over a reactive, rough surface leads to complex precipitation patterns. We study the growth and interaction between discrete precipitates along a reactive wall in a nonlaminar channel flow. ...

The internal response in a stratified, partially enclosed basin subject to semi-diurnal tidal forcing through a narrow entrance is investigated. The site is located above the critical latitude where linear internal waves ...

Quick clay is a known hazard in formerly-glaciated coastal areas in e.g., Scandinavia and Canada, and hence significant efforts are being taken to map their occurrence and extent. Quick-clay landslide prone areas are usually ...

Understanding of fluid-mixture properties relevant to the Longyearbyen CO2 Lab pilot project (LYBCO2) is of great importance for the assessment of the injection performance. Phase equilibria and density of the binary, ...

In permafrost environments exposed to strong winds, drifting snow can create a small-scale pattern of strongly variable snow heights, which has profound implications for the thermal regime of the ground. Arrays of 26 to ...

Background Global environmental change is causing spatial and temporal shifts in the distribution of species and the associated diseases of humans, domesticated animals and wildlife. In the on-going debate ...

Glaciers are among the most frequently used natural phenomena to illustrate ongoing global warming. Retreating glacier tongues and the reduction of glacierized areas are visible all over the world. Changes in glacier volume ...

Internasjonalt forbruk av varer og tjenester er en pådriver for økt global produksjon og utslipp av drivhusgasser. Et eksempel er økende internasjonal handel av Brasiliansk biff og soyabønner som øker presset på regnskogen ...

Kronebreen and Kongsbreen are among the fastest-flowing glaciers on Svalbard and, therefore, important contributors to the total dynamic mass loss from the archipelago. Here, we present a time series of area-wide surface ...

In this study, we assess glacier area and length changes in mainland Norway from repeat Landsat TM/ETM+-derived inventories and digitized topographic maps. The multi-temporal glacier inventory consists of glacier outlines ...

The international research project RECONCILE has addressed central questions regarding polar ozone depletion, with the objective to quantify some of the most relevant yet still uncertain physical and chemical processes and ...

We present a multi-temporal digital inventory of Svalbard glaciers with the most recent from the late 2000s containing 33 775 km2 of glaciers covering 57% of the total land area of the archipelago. At present, 68% of the ...

Sorted soil circles are a conspicuous form of periglacial patterned ground. Numerical modelling suggests that these features develop from a convection-like circulation of material in the active layer of permafrost. The ...

The Ritland structure is the remnants of a 2.7 km diameter, 350 m deep, Early to Middle Cambrian marine impact crater, located in Hjelmeland, western Norway. The impact origin of this structure was proposed in 2001 based ...

Knowledge of water-surface velocities in rivers is useful for understanding a range of river processes. In cold regions, river-ice break up and the related downstream transport of ice debris is often the most important ...

This article focuses on the effect of dispersion in the field of tsunami modeling. Frequency dispersion in the linear long-wave limit is first briefly discussed from a theoretical point of view. A single parameter, denoted ...

Biochar addition to agricultural soils can improve soil fertility, with the added bonus of climate change mitigation through carbon sequestration. Conservation farming (CF) is precision farming, often combining minimum ...

Satellite measurements of atmospheric trace gases have proved to be an invaluable tool for monitoring the Earth system. When these measurements are to be used for assessing tropospheric emissions and pollution, as for ...

Regional assessment studies for CO2 storage plays have been carried out in the Norwegian-Danish Basin of the Central North Sea and in the Skagerrak-Kattegat area. The development of the reservoir models is a part of an ...

The introduction of the thesis consists of a brief description of the scope and objectives, some background information on storage mechanisms for CO2 and the models we applied for addressing the necessary questions for ...