Hyperpycnal flows have been widely described in different lacustrine and marine environments but sedimentary structures and fossil content in hyperpycnites often offer limited information about the palaeoenvironmental ...

Modern seismic exploration for hydrocarbons in the subsurface relies on a good understanding of how different rock properties influence the remotely recorded seismic response. The bridge between the geological properties, ...

Siliciclastic sandstones constitute important reservoirs for subsurface storage of water, oil and natural gas. Knowledge of the geological processes enhancing or reducing the key reservoir properties – porosity and ...

Reservoir quality assessment was conducted from petrophysical analysis and rock physics diagnostics on 15 wells penetrating Middle Jurassic sandstone reservoir formations in different regions of the eastern Central North ...

Hydrocarbons in easily accessible areas have been explored on the Norwegian continental shelf, with much of it having been tapped out to supply the world’s energy demand. The growing consumption and demand have driven ...

The interior of the Norwegian Sea, or in the regional geological nomenclature “mid-Norwegian passive margin”, contains of about 20% of total oil and gas resources of the Norwegian Continental Shelf. However, the significant ...

In the Cenozoic time (66 – 0 Ma) the global climate changed from greenhouse to icehouse conditions. Changes in continents and ocean geometry, geography, and topography due to plate tectonics, erosion, and mantle dynamics ...

Background Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is one of the delousing agents used to control sea lice infestations in salmonid aquaculture. However, some Lepeophtheirus salmonis populations have developed resistance towards H2O2. ...

In the Himalayas –the mountain range in Asia, there is a high demand for hydro-meteorological datasets for the water resource management. Hydro-meteorological observations is minimal because of the adverse geographical ...

Shoshonitic to ultrapotassic, mantle-derived volcanic rocks found within certain accretionary and collisional settings have trace element patterns comparable to those of common arc-related rocks, but with extreme enrichments ...

The interpretation of seismic data is an integrated process that requires geophysical knowledge and an intuitive geological understanding. While seismic interpretation is essential in order to accumulate knowledge and build ...

The process of primary migration, which controls the transfer of hydrocarbons from source to reservoir rocks, necessitates the existence of fluid pathways in low permeability sedimentary formations. Primary migration starts ...

Depleted oil reservoirs are considered a viable solution to the global challenge of CO2 storage. A key concern is whether the wells can be suitably sealed with cement to hinder the escape of CO2. Under reservoir conditions, ...

During the past decades, notions of Earth dynamics and climate change have changed drastically, as anthropogenic CO2-emissions are linked to measurable Earth system changes. At the same time, Earth scientists have discovered ...

Relationship between different geomechanical and acoustic properties measured from seven laboratory tested unconsolidated natural sands with different mineralogical compositions and textures were presented. The samples ...

MgO makes up about 20% of the Earth’s lower mantle; hence, its rheological behaviour is important for the dynamics and evolution of the Earth. Here, we investigate the strength of twin boundaries from 0 to 120 GPa using ...

As the Arctic warms, vegetation is responding, and satellite measures indicate widespread greening at high latitudes. This ‘greening of the Arctic’ is among the world’s most important large-scale ecological responses to ...

Energetic particle precipitation is one of the main processes by which the sun influences atmospheric composition and structure. The polar middle atmosphere is chemically disturbed by the precipitation-induced production ...

Regionalization is a common approach for runoff prediction in the basin lacking observed discharge data (called ungauged basin). Regionalization is the process of borrowing information (e.g. the hydrological model parameters) ...

The seasonal snow-cover is one of the most rapidly varying natural surface features on Earth. It strongly modulates the terrestrial water, energy, and carbon balance. Fractional snow-covered area (fSCA) is an essential ...

A transition from supradetachment to rift basin signature is recorded in the ~1,500 m thick succession of continental to shallow marine conglomerates, mixed carbonate‐siliciclastic shallow marine sediments and carbonate ...

This PhD thesis is a collection of four articles that investigate the influence of a low-accommodation setting on down-dip changes in facies, architecture and key stratigraphic surfaces in fluvio-deltaic transects. The ...

Conventional studies of petroleum basins associate oil generation with the gradual burial of organic-rich sediments. These classical models rely on the interplay between pressure, temperature, and the time required for ...

Structure-from-motion (SfM) photogrammetry enables the cost-effective digital characterisation of seismic- to sub-decimetre-scale geoscientific samples. The technique is commonly used for the characterisation of outcrops, ...

Even though production and open use of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been phased out in Western industrialised countries since the 1980s, PCBs were still present in waste collected from different waste handling ...

The origin of the more than 100 km wide Lycksele ring structure in Sweden has puzzled geoscientists for years. In this short note we present results from field analysis, detailed sampling and laboratory analysis executed ...

Chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) is the primary ore mineral for copper, but leaching of this mineral under atmospheric conditions is slow due to the formation of surface passivating phases such as elemental sulphur and jarosite. Here, ...

Doming, a superimposition of a scene-wide dome-shaped bias to the elevation data, is a classical problem in photogrammetry, especially when using the auto-calibration and bundle adjustment typical of the Structure-from-Motion ...

For economic and efficiency reasons, blended acquisition of seismic data is becoming increasingly commonplace. Seismic deblending methods are computationally demanding and normally consist of multiple processing steps. ...

Lack of discharge data for model calibration is challenging for flood prediction in ungauged basins. Since establishment and maintenance of a permanent discharge station is resource demanding, a possible remedy could be ...

Iceland’s periglacial realm is one of the most dynamic on the planet, with active geomorphologicalprocesses and high weathering rates of young bedrock resulting in high sediment yields and ongoingmass movement. Permafrost ...

High quality reprocessed seismic reflection profiles and available wells were used to study the little studied southeastern Norwegian Barents Sea and east Finnmark Platform. The study area comprises prominent structural ...

Marine seismic interference noise occurs when energy from nearby marine seismic source vessels is recorded during a seismic survey. Such noise tends to be well preserved over large distances and causes coherent artefacts ...

Noctilucent clouds (NLC) are mesospheric ice clouds occurring in the summer hemisphere at high latitudes and an altitude of about 83km. This region is the coldest of the earth’s atmosphere and is characterized by the ...

The dynamic control of reservoir water level during flood seasons (WLFS) allows a trade‐off between flood control and water resources conservation. In this process, the WLFS dynamic control boundaries are key parameters. ...

Two nested clinoform set types of different scales and steepness are mapped and analysed from high‐resolution seismic data. Restoration of post‐depositional faulting reveals a persistent pattern of small‐scale, high‐angle ...

Seismic imaging methods have been widely used in the petroleum industry for hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir monitoring. The principle of seismic imaging methods is employing elastic waves generated by seismic source ...

Air bubble penetration depths are investigated with a bottom‐mounted echosounder at a seabed observatory in northern Norway. We compare a 1‐year time series of observed bubble depth against modeled and estimated turbulent ...

Giant impacts are disruptive events occurring in the early stages of planetary evolution. They may result in the formation of a protolunar disk or of a synestia. A central planet and one or several moons condense upon ...

The Mjølnir structure, SW Barents Sea, is one of the best-preserved marine impact craters on Earth. After impact on the paleo-seafloor about 142 Ma ago, this crater experienced an atypical deformation of its central peak, ...

Two large areas of anomalously low seismic velocities are visible in all tomographic models of the lowermost mantle. Depending on the density structure of these Large Low Shear Velocity Provinces (LLSVPs), the core-mantle ...

The boron isotopic composition of tourmaline and hambergite (Be2BO3[OH,F]) from peraluminous (n = 12), peralkaline (n = 1), and peralkaline nepheline syenite (n = 16) pegmatites has been measured by secondary ion mass ...

The Messinian Salinity Crisis (5.97–5.33 Ma) was caused by the closure of the Atlantic‐Mediterranean gateways that cut through the Gibraltar orogenic system. The geodynamic drivers underlying gateway closure and re‐opening ...

Deep-rooted mantle plumes are thought to originate from the margins of the Large Low Shear Velocity Provinces (LLSVPs) at the base of the mantle. Visible in seismic tomography, the LLSVPs are usually interpreted to be ...

Assessment of the geomechanical properties of organic-rich shale caprocks is critical for a successful CO2 storage into a saline aquifer. In this study, we investigated the geochemical properties of the organic-rich shale ...

Kvikkleire kan påtreffes under marin grense i Norge, Sverige, Finland, Russland, Canada og Alaska. Den vanligste utløsende årsaken til kvikkleireskred de siste tiårene er menneskelig aktivitet, men kvikkleireskred utløses ...

Freshwater discharge from glaciers is increasing across the Arctic in response to anthropogenic climate change, which raises questions about the potential downstream effects in the marine environment. Whilst a combination ...

The effect of the continental shelf wave on the flow field over the southern shelf of the Caspian Sea (CS) as the largest enclosed basin of the world, is investigated. Considerable currents with subinertial time scales are ...

The origin of ribbed moraines (Rogen moraine) is a long-discussed topic in the field of geomorphology. As per today, no consensus on their formation has been reached apart from a subglacial origin. This study will test the ...

Asthenospheric shear causes some minerals, particularly olivine, to develop anisotropic textures that can be detected seismically. In laboratory experiments, these textures are also associated with anisotropic viscous ...

The pseudo-spectral form of the sea level equation (SLE) requires the approximation of a radially-symmetric visco-elastic Earth. Thus, the resulting predictions of sea level change (SLC) and glacial isostatic adjustment ...

Gaps within a subducting plate can alter the surrounding mantle flow field and the overall subduction zone dynamics by allowing hot sub-slab mantle to flow through the gaps and into the mantle wedge. This through-slab flow ...

eismological studies of large-scale processes at convergent plate boundaries typically probe lower crustal structures with wavelengths of several kilometers, whereas field-based studies typically sample the resulting ...

A review of short-term (<3 myr: c. 100 kyr to 2.4 myr) Cretaceous sea-level fluctuations of several tens of metres indicates recent fundamental progress in understanding the underlying mechanisms for eustasy, both in timing ...

Glacial hydrology plays an important role in the control of glacier dynamics, of sediment transport, and of fjord and proglacial ecosystems. Surface meltwater drains through glaciers via supraglacial, englacial and subglacial ...

The Central basin of Lake Baikal is intersected by the North-East – South-West-oriented escarpment named the «Gydratny Fault zone». This laterally extensive structure runs subparallel to the North-Western shore of the lake. ...

The age of the ocean floor and its time-dependent age distribution control fundamental features of the Earth, such as bathymetry, sea level and mantle heat loss. Recently, the development of increasingly sophisticated ...

Our analysis of a comprehensive well log database and complementary mineralogical and geochemical information indicates that the risk for Upper Jurassic shales on the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS) to permit severe ...

Microcontinents and continental fragments are pieces of continental lithosphere, formed by extension and breakup, followed by plate boundary relocations. Microcontinents or continental fragments affiliated with passive ...

This study presented in this doctoral thesis addresses the development of the Upper Jurassic Curtis Formation, outcropping in east-central Utah. The study suggests a separation of the Curtis Formation in three geological ...

In the Late Neoproterozoic the supercontinent Rodinia started to disintegrate, and the continents Baltica and Laurentia began to rift apart to form the Iapetus Ocean. Early stages of subsidence caused by ductile stretching ...

The extensive lava piles of Iceland contain a unique record of geomagnetic field variations spanning the past ~ 16 Ma. Since the 1950s, palaeomagnetic data have been obtained from over 9400 Icelandic lavas. We have compiled ...

Abstract. The climate in Svalbard is undergoing amplified change compared to the global mean. This has major implications for runoff from glaciers and seasonal snow on land. We use a coupled energy balance–subsurface model, ...

The Larvik Plutonic Complex (LPC) contains pegmatites with a wide array of mineral assemblages and morphological features. The pegmatites have traditionally been described as nepheline syenite and syenite pegmatites which ...

Fremtidens klima kommer til å føre til flere store nedbør- og snøsmeltingshendelser. I dag utgjør dette en stor del av utløsende årsak for løsmasseskred. Det vil si at for å minimere skadeomfanget som kan oppstå med ...

In the oil and gas industry, during exploration prospect assessment, explorationists rely on ad hoc manual work practices and tools for developing and communicating multiple hypothetical geological scenarios of the prospect. ...

Key observational indicators of climate change in the Arctic, most spanning a 47 year period (1971–2017) demonstrate fundamental changes among nine key elements of the Arctic system. We find that, coherent with increasing ...

Metodene for feltbasert kartlegging av naturtyper i Norge er i utvikling. Kartlegging baserer seg nå i hovedsak på bruk av digitale plattformer med tilrettelagt programvare. Siden lanseringen av Natur i Norge (NiN 2.0) i ...

About one sixth of the world’s population is dependent on fresh water supply from snow or glacier melt. A detailed understanding of what drives the timing and quantity of snow melt and streamflow is therefore paramount, ...

The crystallization of a magma ocean (MO) early in Earth's history shaped the entire evolution of our planet. The buoyancy relations between the forming crystals and the residual melt is the most important but also the ...

Climate change is expected to alter European floods and associated economic losses in various ways. Here we investigate the impact of precipitation change on European average winter and summer financial losses due to ...

Rain-on-snow (ROS) events are multivariate hydrometeorological phenomena that require a combination of rain and snowpack, with complex processes occurring on and within the snowpack. Impacts include floods and landslides, ...

Abstract The origin of Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs) associated with continental breakup and the reconstruction of continents older than c. 320 million years (pre-Pangea) are contentious research problems. Here we study ...

In previously glaciated mountain regions rock-slope failure processes contribute significantly to landscape development and may pose a direct or indirect threat to the population and infrastructure in inhabited areas. In ...

This thesis presents a satellite-based modeling framework that can estimate how much snow was stored in the terrain. These estimates can help guide climate analysis and prediction. Accurate quantification of Earth’s snow ...

Volcanoes are a potential hazard to over 750 million people worldwide. Accessing them to install monitoring equipment can be logistically challenging and dangerous. Traditional monitoring equipment is expensive and not ...

We provide an independent test for the proposed pre-breakup fits between the South American and African continental margins based on new palaeomagnetic data. In the course of modelling the opening of the South Atlantic ...

Many of our planet's “crises” were the result of sudden changes in plate tectonic configuration or catastrophic outbursts of volcanism caused by mantle plume impingement at the base of the lithosphere. At the Paleocene-Eocene ...

Torsion experiments were performed in polycrystalline ice at high temperature (0.97 Tm) to reproduce the simple shear kinematics that are believed to dominate in ice streams and at the base of fast-flowing glaciers. As ...

The sediments at the NTNU research site Dragvoll, Trondheim, Norway accumulated in seawater close to the glacier front during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition. A comprehensive site investigation and laboratory test ...

Understanding geologic risks that could hinder successful geologic CO2 capture and storage (CCS) in a prospective area is imperative before moving forward with a storage project. Containment of injected CO2 requires the ...

First‐order variations in sea level exhibit amplitudes of ∼200 m over periods that coincide with those of supercontinental cycles (∼300–500 Myr). Proposed mechanisms for this sea level change include processes that change ...

The Lofoten Basin in the eastern Nordic Seas plays a central role in modifying the warm Atlantic Water inflow toward the Arctic Ocean. Here, the Atlantic Water experiences increased residence times, cooling, and substantial ...

It is now more than 50 years since Tuzo Wilson published his paper asking ‘Did the Atlantic close and then re-open?’. This led to the ‘Wilson Cycle’ concept in which the repeated opening and closing of ocean basins along ...

Glacier flow instabilities can rapidly increase sea level through enhanced ice discharge. Surge-type glacier accelerations often occur with a decadal to centennial cyclicity suggesting internal mechanisms responsible. ...

Nanograins (≪1 μm) are common in the principal slip zones of natural and experimental faults, but their formation and influence on fault mechanical behavior are poorly understood. We performed transmission Kikuchi diffraction ...

Underestimation of the proportion of supercooled liquid in mixed‐phase clouds in climate models has called into question its impact on Arctic climate change. We show that correcting for this bias in the CESM model can ...

Abstract. The Himalayan Mountains are the source region of one of the world's largest supplies of freshwater. The changes in glacier melt may lead to droughts as well as floods in the Himalayan basins, which are vulnerable ...

Sea ice is highly complex due to the inhomogeneity of the physical properties (e.g. temperature and salinity) as well as the permeability and mixture of water and a matrix of sea ice and/or sea ice crystals. Such complexity ...

Cratons are the oldest parts of the lithosphere, some of them surviving since Archean. Their long-term survival has sometimes been attributed to high viscosity and low density. In our study, we use a numerical model to ...