Abstract: The Pre-Caledonian margin of Baltica has been outlined as a tapering wedge with increas- ing magmatism towards the ocean–continent transition. It is, however, well known that margins are complex, with different ...

Reliable information about the land surface and vegetation is a prerequisite for managing protected areas, maintaining biodiversity or even predicting climate change. Yet, despite the enormous efforts in field-mapping ...

At low-temperature and high-stress conditions, quartz deformation is controlled by the kinetics of dislocation glide, that is, low-temperature plasticity (LTP). To investigate the relationship between intracrystalline H2O ...

The climatic and environmental impact of exclusively volcanic CO2 emissions is assessed during the main effusive phase of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP), which is synchronous with the end-Triassic mass ...

Abstract The new mineral, illoqite-(Ce), with the ideal formula Na 2 NaBaCeZnSi 6 O 17 , has been discovered in the Taseq Slope, Ilímaussaq Alkaline Complex, Southern Greenland. Illoqite-(Ce) occurs in a hyperalkaline ...

East Java is characterised by a complex interaction of volcanic and tectonic processes and it is marked by isolated eruptive centres scattered across the back-arc sedimentary basins. In 2006 a large sediment hosted geothermal ...

Abstract Concentrations of fluorine and chlorine were measured in glasses (quenched melts) and coexisting clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, olivine, and plagioclase in run products of experiments previously used to ...

The extensive use of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) has resulted in many environmental point and diffuse sources. Identifying the source responsible for a pollution hot spot is vital for assessing remediation ...

Abstract To mitigate the global warming crisis, one of the effective ways is to capture CO 2 at an emitting source and inject it underground in saline aquifers, depleted oil and gas reservoirs, or in coal beds. This process ...

The evaluation of the interplay between kerogen maturation and total organic carbon (TOC) content within an organic-rich shale is critical to characterizing source rock shale's elastic behavior. We analysed a comprehensive ...

This study describes and evaluates a new down-scaling scheme that specifically addresses the need for hillslope-scale atmospheric-forcing time series for modelling the local impact of regional climate change projections ...

Nanoscale interactions at mineral-fluid interfaces are important for processes occurring at the Earth's crust. Mineral dissolution occurs when a mineral is in contact with a fluid over time and can be observed by a change ...

During seismic acquisition, reflected waves from the subsurface are recorded by sensors in seismic cables in the water column. The measured data are used to create images of the subsurface for the exploration of natural ...

The emplacement of the Siberian Traps, the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP) and the Wrangellia have been linked to the end-Permian, the end-Triassic mass extinctions, and to the Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE), ...

The Svalbard Archipelago consists of three basement terranes that record a complex Neoproterozoic– Phanerozoic tectonic history, including four contractional events (Grenvillian, Caledonian, Ellesmerian, and Eurekan) and ...

Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) involves the transmission of laser pulses along a fiber-optic cable. These pulses are backscattered at fiber inhomogeneities and again detected by the same interrogator unit that emits ...

Abstract The geometric properties of fractures influence whether they propagate, arrest, or coalesce with other fractures. Thus, quantifying the relationship between fracture network characteristics may help predict fracture ...

Diurnal continental shelf waves (CSWs) are studied theoretically for an idealized shelf topography. Wave attenuation is caused by the exchange of fluid on the sloping shelf with an inner region through a permeable coastline. ...

Seismic data contain information about elastic properties and the structural patterns of the subsurface. However, before we get an image of the subsurface, seismic data goes through many processing steps that consist of ...

Out of the multiple natural and anthropogenic factors affecting climate, greenhouse gases (GHGs) and aerosols from human activity dominate over the industrial era. The warming effect of the accumulating GHGs in the atmosphere ...

Abstract Understanding the mechanisms of strain localization leading to brittle failure in reservoir rocks can shed light on geomechanical processes such as porosity and permeability evolution during rock deformation, ...

The global distribution of vegetation is largely determined by climatic conditions and feeds back into the climate system. To predict future vegetation changes in response to climate change, it is crucial to identify and ...

Abstract Eurasia, home to ~70% of global population, is characterized by (semi-)arid climate. Water scarcity in the mid-latitude Eurasia (MLE) has been exacerbated by a consistent decline in terrestrial water storage (TWS), ...

Abstract Detrital zircon in six surface samples of sandstone and contact metamorphic quartzite of the Magaliesberg and Rayton formations of the Pretoria Group (depositional age c.  2.20–2.06 Ga) show a major age fraction ...

The Devonian has long been a problematic period for paleomagnetism. Devonian paleomagnetic data are generally difficult to interpret and have complex partial or full overprints– problems that arise in data obtained from ...

The warming and subsequent degradation of mountain permafrost within alpine areas represent an important process influencing the stability of steep slopes and rock faces. The unstable and monitored slopes of Mannen (Møre ...

Floating ice shelves buttress inland ice and curtail grounded-ice discharge. Climate warming causes melting and ultimately breakup of ice shelves, which could escalate ocean-bound ice discharge and thereby sea-level rise. ...

The Stø Formation contains the main target reservoirs for petroleum exploration in the Norwegian Barents Sea Area, however, the clean sandstones of the Stø Formation can be heavily quartz cemented in areas that have undergone ...

The Lowest navigable water level (LNWL) is an important indicator used for navigation design to balance the relationship between navigation safety and economic benefits of a waterway. However, it is a challenge of accurately ...

While hotspot tracks beneath thin oceanic lithosphere are visible as volcanic island chains, the plume-lithosphere interaction for thick continental or cratonic lithosphere often remains hidden due to the lack of volcanism. ...

The ecological conservation and high-quality development of the Yellow River basin (YRB) has been adopted as a major national strategy of China. However, the YRB is still afflicted by floods. Here, we proposed a flood risk ...

During seismic acquisition, reflected waves from the subsurface are recorded by sensors in seismic cables in the water column. The measured data are used to create images of the subsurface to explore natural resources. ...

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Abstract. Past efforts to synthesize and quantify the magnitude and change in carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems across the rapidly warming Arctic–boreal zone (ABZ) have provided valuable information but ...

The coupling between surface waves and the motion in a flexible porous surface layer is investigated theoretically. We apply a Lagrangian formulation for the viscous fluid and the fluid-saturated porous medium. In the ...

The paper presents results of gas-geochemical studies of bottom sediments and petroleum potential assessment of Baikal Rift Basin. During the expeditions of the Class@Baikal project in 2014–2019, gases from the Lake Baikal ...

Arctic amplification of global warming has accelerated mass loss of Arctic land ice over the past decades and led to increased freshwater discharge into glacier fjords and adjacent seas. Glacier freshwater discharge is ...

There is a wide consensus within the polar science, meteorology, and oceanography communities that more in situ observations of the ocean, atmosphere, and sea ice are required to further improve operational forecasting ...

We study attenuation of free waves in the homogeneous ocean. Using the Cauchy–Riemann relations and then energy equation, we derive a novel equation that relates temporal and spatial decay to the energy dissipation in the ...

Abstract In-cloud icing is a major hazard for aviation traffic and forecasting of these events is an important task for weather agencies worldwide. A common tool utilized by aviation forecasters is an icing intensity ...

Robust projections of changes in the hydrological cycle in a non-stationary climate rely on trustworthy estimates of the water balance elements. Additional drivers than precipitation and temperature, namely wind, radiation, ...

Snow avalanches present a common natural hazard in snow-covered mountainous areas throughout the world. However, most snow avalanche research has taken place in mid-latitude locations, thereby limiting knowledge of avalanche ...

The motions of tectonic plates in Earth’s deep past can uncover planetary cycles of water and heat that are important for the evolution of our planet. In this thesis water exchange between Earth’s oceans and deep interior ...

Permafrost is being degraded worldwide due to the change in external forcing caused by climate change. This has also been shown to affect the morphodynamics of active rock glaciers. We studied these changes, depending on ...

Worldwide, floods are the natural disaster causing the highest economic losses and casualties. Flood warnings are issued to inform of potential threats, and allow flood managing authorities time to take appropriate actions ...

Most of unlined pressure tunnels are successfully operated in Norway without significant instability problems. Even though all unlined pressure tunnels follow the same established design criteria and principles, there are ...

This thesis provides insights into fieldwork practices in Higher Education Earth Science and how these practices influence students’ senses of belonging and their negotiations of geoscience identities. The work illustrates ...

Abstract In traditional flood frequency analysis, a minimum of 30 observations is required to guarantee the accuracy of design results with an allowable uncertainty, however, there has not been a recommendation ...

Peridotites of Ulten Zone (Eastern Alps, N Italy) show a transition from coarse protogranular spinel lherzolites to fine-grained amphibole + garnet peridotites, recorded by the crystallization of garnet coronas around ...

Abstract The Schrödinger basin on the south polar lunar far side has been highlighted as a promising target for future exploration. This report provides a high-resolution geologic map in the southwest peak-ring ...

Serpentinization of mantle peridotites has first order effects on the rheology and tectonic behavior of the oceanic lithosphere, on the global water cycle, and on the biosphere at mid-oceanic ridges. Investigating ...

Evaluating any subsurface CO2 storage site comprises the reservoir, seal, and overburden investigation to mitigate injection and storage-related complications. The Upper-Middle Jurassic Sognefjord, Fensfjord, and Krossfjord ...

Knowledge of crystal nucleation and growth is paramount in understanding the geometry evolution of porous medium during reactive transport processes in geo-environmental studies. To predict transport properties precisely, ...

We present field observations, geochemical data and detrital zircon U–Pb ages from the newly defined Skuggliberga unit of the Oppdal area, central Norwegian Caledonides. The unit occurs in two separate areas, where it ...

The interplay of the land surface and atmosphere has been studied for a thousand years. Yet, we are still unsure how changes on the land surface impact the atmosphere and vice versa. Further, present-day models rely on a ...

Seismic migration commonly yields an incomplete reconstruction of the Earth model due to restricted survey aperture, band-limited frequency content, and propagation effects. This affects both illumination and resolution ...

The detailed record of diagnostic acritarchs from the volcanosedimentary Vallehondo and Playón formations, bracketed between Cambrian Stage 4 strata bearing the trilobite Serrodiscus and Guzhangian (Miaolingian) beds with ...

The mid-Pliocene (∼3 Ma) is one of the most recent warm periods with high CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere and resulting high temperatures, and it is often cited as an analog for near-term future climate change. Here, ...

Catchment baseflow is jointly controlled by climate and landscape properties. Previous studies have recognized that spatial variability of mean annual baseflow coefficient (BFC = urn:x-wiley:00431397:media:wrcr25461:wrcr ...

Authigenic quartz grains carry information that is diagnostic for the thermal history and thereby the burial depth and uplift of sediments. Recycled quartz grains with embayed or rounded authigenic remnants have been ...

Sediment gravity flows transport large volumes of sand and clay minerals into submarine systems, which store some of the world's major reserves of oil and gas. However, knowledge about grain-coating clay mineral formation ...

Seismic mapping of subsurface faults is hampered by factors such as seismic resolution, velocity control for depth conversion and human bias. Here, we explore the challenges and pitfalls related to interpreting normal ...

Abstract The ScanArray international collaborative program acquired broadband seismological data at 192 locations in the Baltic Shield during the period between 2012 and 2017. The main objective of the program ...

Aerosol-induced absorption of shortwave radiation can modify the climate through local atmospheric heating, which affects lapse rates, precipitation, and cloud formation. Presently, the total amount of aerosol absorption ...

Aerosol–cloud interactions contribute to a large portion of the spread in estimates of climate forcing, climate sensitivity and future projections. An important part of this uncertainty is how much new particle formation ...

Retreating glaciers and thawing permafrost are causing local- to regional-scale hazards that threaten lives and livelihoods, infrastructure, sustainable resource development, and national security. Permafrost hazards are ...

Mongolia is one of the most sensitive regions to climate change, located in the transition of several natural and permafrost zones. Long-term trends in air freezing and thawing indices can therefore enhance our understanding ...

Methane emissions from boreal and arctic wetlands, lakes, and rivers are expected to increase in response to warming and associated permafrost thaw. However, the lack of appropriate land cover datasets for scaling ...

The Arctic is warming rapidly, especially in winter, which is causing large-scale reductions in snow cover. Snow is one of the main controls on soil thermodynamics, and changes in its thickness and extent affect both ...

The fossil biota of the upper Valanginian–lower Hauterivian sediment hosted vent (SHV) environment of Zengővárkony comprises 39 species, 55 genera and higher taxa representing seven phyla. Thirteen of these taxa are reported ...

The precision of P- and S-wave phase picking strongly determines the precision of earthquake locations, but such picking can be challenging in the case of emergent signals, large data sets or temporally varying seismic ...

The regional variability in tundra and boreal carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes can be high, complicating efforts to quantify sink-source patterns across the entire region. Statistical models are increasingly used to predict ...

The size and shape of snow grains directly impacts the reflection by a snowpack. In this article, different approaches to retrieve the optical-equivalent snow grain size (ropt) or, alternatively, the specific surface area ...

Identifying and understanding limiting conditions is at the centre of ecology and biogeography. Traditionally, associations between climate and occurrences of organisms are inferred from observational data using regression ...

Abstract Geological CO 2 storage can be employed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere. Depleted oil and gas reservoirs, deep saline aquifers, and coal beds are considered to be viable subsurface CO 2 storage ...

The Arctic has experienced the most rapid change in climate of anywhere on Earth, and these changes are certain to drive changes in the carbon budget of the Arctic as vegetation changes, soils warm, fires become more ...

SUMMARY Regional body-wave tomography is a very popular tomographic method consisting in inverting relative traveltime residuals of teleseismic body waves measured at regional networks. It is well known that the ...

In high-latitude and mountain regions, local processes such as redistribution by wind, snow metamorphism, and percolation of water produce a complex spatial distribution of snow depths and snow densities. With its strong ...

Fault-controlled mixed siliciclastic-carbonate-evaporite depositional systems exhibit distinct sensitivity to tectonic and eustatic controls that are expressed in the sedimentary architecture. In the Upper Carboniferous ...

The thick sequence of Quaternary sediments preserved within the northern North Sea contains important information about the glacial history, palaeo-oceanographic conditions and slope stability of this region during the ...

Abstract. Permafrost degradation in steep rock walls and associated slope destabilization have been studied increasingly in recent years. While most studies focus on mountainous and sub-Arctic regions, the occurring ...

Bleaching patterns along a faulted succession provides new insight into fluid migration pathways controlled by the fault zone and mechanical stratigraphy. In order to investigate this effect, we logged stratigraphic layers ...

Climate change is destabilizing permafrost landscapes, affecting infrastructure, ecosystems and human livelihoods. The rate of permafrost thaw is controlled by surface and subsurface properties and processes, all of which ...

Abstract. Boreal forests in permafrost regions make up around one-third of the global forest cover and are an essential component of regional and global climate patterns. Further, climatic change can trigger extensive ...

Abstract. In continuous permafrost lowlands, thawing of ice-rich deposits and melting of massive ground ice lead to abrupt landscape changes called thermokarst, which have widespread consequences on the thermal, hydrological, ...

Potential field data, reprocessed regional 2D seismic reflection profiles and 3D seismic tied to wells were used to study the late Devonian-Permian development of the Nordkapp Basin in Barents Sea. The composite basin can ...

Abstract Projected climate warming and wettening will have a major impact on the state of glaciers and seasonal snow in High Arctic regions. Following up on a historical simulation (1957–2018) for Svalbard, we make future ...

The Svalbard archipelago, located at the Arctic sea-ice edge between 74 and 81∘ N, is ∼60 % covered by glaciers. The region experiences rapid variations in atmospheric flow during the snow season (from late September to ...

In Fennoscandia, tectonics, Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA), and climatic changes cause ongoing crustal deformation of some millimetres per year, both vertically and horizontally. These displacements of the Earth can ...

Although seismic and stratigraphic well information put tight constraints on rift basin evolution, eroded rift shoulders commonly expose polydeformed prerift basement whose deformation history may be difficult to constrain. ...

A selective compilation of paleomagnetic data from North America indicates that a vast amount of rapid polar motion occurred in Late Jurassic time. The over 30° polar shift that accumulated during a relatively short time ...

Igneous intrusions in sedimentary basins can influence basin-scale fluid flow and petroleum systems in various ways. They may act as barriers, preferential pathways or even reservoirs for fluids. The fracture networks of ...

SUMMARY The crustal architecture of the Barents Sea is still enigmatic due to complex evolution during the Timanian and Caledonian orogeny events, further complicated by several rifting episodes. In this study ...

This paper reviews physical mechanisms, observation techniques and modelling approaches dealing with surface currents on short time scales (hours to days) relevant for operational oceanography. Key motivations for this ...

Arc-continent collision, followed by subduction polarity flip, occurs during closure of oceanic basins and contributes to the growth of continental crust. Such a setting may lead to a highly unusual association of ultrapotassic ...

In continuous permafrost regions, pathways for transport of sub-permafrost groundwater to the surface sometimes perforate the frozen ground and result in the formation of a pingo. Explanations offered for the locations of ...

An extensive, reprocessed two-dimensional (2D) seismic data set was utilized together with available well data to study the Tiddlybanken Basin in the southeastern Norwegian Barents Sea, which is revealed to be an excellent ...

A longer temporal scale of Antarctic observations is vital to better understanding glacier dynamics and improving ice sheet model projections. One underutilized data source that expands the temporal scale is aerial ...

Abstract In this study, we aim to better understand the current and future projections of precipitation extremes in Europe in the context of climatic variability over a long-term period from the last millennium to the end ...