The extensive lava piles of Iceland contain a unique record of geomagnetic field variations spanning the past ~ 16 Ma. Since the 1950s, palaeomagnetic data have been obtained from over 9400 Icelandic lavas. We have compiled ...

In the Late Neoproterozoic the supercontinent Rodinia started to disintegrate, and the continents Baltica and Laurentia began to rift apart to form the Iapetus Ocean. Early stages of subsidence caused by ductile stretching ...

Sedimenter i Edvard Grieg-feltet ble dannet for 200 millioner år siden. Gjentatte flomperioder har brakt store mengder sedimenter som ble avsatt som stor vifteavsetninger (såkalte alluvialevifter) langs dalsidene. Viftene ...

Understanding geologic risks that could hinder successful geologic CO2 capture and storage (CCS) in a prospective area is imperative before moving forward with a storage project. Containment of injected CO2 requires the ...

Abstract The origin of Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs) associated with continental breakup and the reconstruction of continents older than c. 320 million years (pre-Pangea) are contentious research problems. Here we study ...

Fremtidens klima kommer til å føre til flere store nedbør- og snøsmeltingshendelser. I dag utgjør dette en stor del av utløsende årsak for løsmasseskred. Det vil si at for å minimere skadeomfanget som kan oppstå med ...

Løsmasseskred har potensiale til å forårsake stor skade på mennesker, bygninger og infrastruktur. Slike hendelser ansees derfor som et potensielt stort samfunnsproblem. Hyppigheten av skredhendelser er i tillegg forventet ...

Kongsfjorden, in the Spitsbergen, is 26 km long and surrounded with glaciers with different dynamic behavior. Mass balance of the entire glacierized area of Kongsfjord basin is +0.23 m w.e. a-1 over the period 1980-2016 ...

The main objectives of this thesis were to study basalt alteration and formation of secondary phases and their implications on Mars (Paper I), and potential consequences for petroleum reservoirs influenced by the presence ...

In this study, we combine remote sensing, in situ and model-derived datasets from 1966 to 2014 to calculate the mass-balance components of Kronebreen, a fast-flowing tidewater glacier in Svalbard. For the well-surveyed ...

This PhD thesis addresses how fault and fold growth affect accommodation development and sediment routing and fill in extensional basins. Extensional basins are key constituents of passive continental passive and ...

Dagens aktsomhetskart for snøskred båndlegger store arealer i Norge og ekspertene anser aktsomhetssonene å være for store i mange tilfeller, spesielt ved kystnære områder. I områder med innlandsklima er problematikken i ...

The abandoned sulfide ore mines located at Folldal, in central Norway, have been closed since 1993. However, centuries of mining activities have resulted in waste rock and tailings exposed to the natural environment. All ...

The Nordic Centre of Excellence CRAICC (Cryosphere–Atmosphere Interactions in a Changing Arctic Climate), funded by NordForsk in the years 2011–2016, is the largest joint Nordic research and innovation initiative to date, ...

This PhD aims primarily to assess the long-term sealing capabilities of shaly seal rock units overlying potential adequate CO2 storage reservoirs. The motivation for the project has been that in order to reduce CO2 emissions ...

With dense SAR satellite data time series it is possible to map surface and subsurface glacier properties that vary in time. On Sentinel-1A and RADARSAT-2 backscatter time series images over mainland Norway and Svalbard, ...

Dynamical runout models are essential tools in landslide hazard and risk assessment, because they allow us to simulate the motion of past landslides and to predict the motion of future landslides. Runout distances obtained ...

Microscopic plant remains (spores and pollen) allow us to trace vegetation and detect environmental, especially climatic changes from deep time in the geological past. The Late Triassic (237-201 Ma) period is marked by an ...

The study area is located north of Iceland in the Jan Mayen-East Greenland area, NE Atlantic. It has a number of magmatic productions. Magmatism in Iceland is related to a mantle plume bringing hot mantle up from deeper ...

Sedimentary rocks from the Grønsennknippa area, located in Vestre Slidre in Valdres, have been studied by field investigations, remote sensing and laboratory techniques. The tectonostratigraphic setting has been briefly ...

Volcanoes are both threat to life and source of economic wealth, however little is known about the processes in the Earth’s crust leading to their origin. Laboratory models are used to shed light on the otherwise inaccessible ...

Rock salt creeps under shear at the low temperatures encountered close to the surface. Salt flow is problematic for any cavity, like caverns or wells, because of the time dependent closure it induces if the internal hole ...

The PhD thesis is a collection of four articles that investigate the controls of syn- and post-kinematic faulting on reservoirs. Case studies from the Barents Shelf are presented (Svalbard and the Hammerfest Basin). Offshore ...

The global circulation driven solely by relaxation to an idealized surface temperature profile and to interior mixing is examined. Forcing by winds and evaporation/precipitation is excluded. The resulting circulation ...

Seismic signals are generally spread across many data samples of the recorded data. Applying a mathematical transformation to the data can however concentrate them on few samples only of the transform domain. Such ...

Fracture networks inside geological CO2 storage reservoirs can serve as primary fluid flow conduit, particularly in low-permeability formations. While some experiments focused on the geophysical properties of brine- and ...

CO2 sequestration in geological formations is a promising technology and a crucial measure to reduce CO2 emissions across the energy system. It is an essential part of the solution for mitigating climate change caused by ...

This study assesses changes in glacier area, velocity, and geodetic mass balance for the glaciers in the Manaslu region of Nepal, a previously undocumented region of the Himalayas. We studied changes between 1970 (for ...

Large amounts of methane are stored in continental margins as gas hydrates. They are stable under high pressure and low temperature, but react sensitively to environmental changes. Bottom water temperature and sea level ...

We used a finite element model to interpret anti-correlated pressure variations at the base of a glacier to demonstrate the importance of stress redistribution in the basal ice. We first investigated two pairs of load cells ...

Sudden Stratospheric Warmings (SSW) affect the chemistry and dynamics of the middle atmosphere. Major warmings occur roughly every second winter in the Northern Hemisphere (NH), but has only been observed once in the ...

Debris flows and debris avalanches represent a large threat to society in Norway. The intensity and frequency of these events is expected to increase over the course of the next 50 years due to changing precipitation ...

The SW Barents Sea margin experienced a pulse of extensional deformation in the Middle–Late Devonian through the Carboniferous, after the Caledonian Orogeny terminated. These events marked the initial stages of formation ...

Peatlands store substantial amounts of carbon and are vulnerable to climate change. We present a modified version of the Organising Carbon and Hydrology In Dynamic Ecosystems (ORCHIDEE) land surface model for simulating ...

Rapid retreat of Greenland's marine-terminating glaciers coincides with regional warming trends, which have broadly been used to explain these rapid changes. However, outlet glaciers within similar climate regimes experience ...

Due to the multidisciplinary nature of landscape research, many different systems and methods for landscape identification and classification exist. This paper provides a systematic review of 54 contemporary landscape ...

In the last couple of years many Earth observation satellites with optical instruments have been set in space. These satellites generate an enormous amount of data and give us a image of different landforms on Earth. The ...

Volcanism is a fundamental process on Earth. It is responsible for the formation of new crust, by adding hot magma to the surface where it solidifies. Ascending magma interacts with geological formations by adding heat, ...

Coastally trapped rotational interfacial waves are studied theoretically by using a Lagrangian formulation of fluid motion in a rotating ocean. The waves propagate along the interface between two immiscible inviscid ...

The late Permian biotic crisis had a major impact on marine and terrestrial environments. Rising CO2 levels following Siberian Trap volcanic activity were likely responsible for expanding marine anoxia and elevated water ...

A new natural rutile reference material is presented, suitable for U‐Pb dating and Zr‐in‐rutile thermometry by microbeam methods. U‐Pb dating of rutile R632 using laser ablation ICP‐MS with both magnetic sector field and ...

Vulkansk aske i atmosfæren medfører en risiko for flytrafikk, såvel som helserisiko for samfunnet og kan påvirke klimaet. I denne avhandlingen er det undersøkt ulike typer aske, lokalisering, konsentrasjon, og spesielt ...

Energetic electrons from the magnetosphere deposit their energy in the atmosphere and lead to production of nitric oxide (NO) in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. We study the atmospheric NO response to a geomagnetic ...

The chemical composition of the continental crust cannot be adequately explained by current models for its formation, because it is too rich in Ni and Cr compared to that which can be generated by any of the proposed ...

This work presents a study on the interrelationship of burial diagenesis, depositional facies, the origin and distribution of diagenetic clay minerals, and diagenesis in sediment–sill sequences, as well as the thermal ...

Extreme winter events that damage vegetation are considered an important climatic cause of arctic browning—a reversal of the greening trend of the region—and possibly reduce the carbon uptake of northern ecosystems. ...

The assembly of Gondwana in the Ediacaran was concluded by extensive arc magmatism along its northern margin. Extensional events in the early Paleozoic led to rifting and the eventual separation of terranes, which were ...

The cryosphere is defined as the areas of the Earth where water is found frozen. The notion of cryospheric processes relates to glaciers, ice caps, ice sheets, ice shelves, sea ice and permafrost. Cryospheric processes are ...

I løpet av Jordas historie har det oppstått fem store masseutryddelser, hvor over 70 % av livet ble utryddet og det oppstod store klimatiske endringer. Fire av utryddelsene korrelerer i tid med store vulkanutbrudd, og det ...

We investigate (i) margin‐scale structural inheritance in rifts and (ii) the time scales of rift propagation and rift length establishment, using the East Greenland rift system (EGR) as an example. To investigate the ...

Mud-rich prograding sediment lobes make for most of the Barremian – Albian stratigraphic record in the SW Barents Sea. Submarine canyons and channels potentially represent key components of sediment transport from shelf ...

Deep and complex geodynamic processes, including the effects of plumes, heat, plate tectonics, and local tectonics control the Earth’s surface. In the Arctic these deep processes are masked by extensive glaciations and ...

The SW Barents Sea is an epicontinental platform consisting of N- to NNE-oriented basins separated by basement highs. The basins were formed during four distinct rift-phases in the Carboniferous, Late Permian, Late ...

Phase 1 of the Colorado Plateau Coring Project (CPCP-I) recovered a total of over 850 m of stratigraphically overlapping core from three coreholes at two sites in the Early to Middle and Late Triassic age largely fluvial ...

We present a summary of two round-table discussions held during two subsequent workshops in Montreal (Canada) on 16 April 2014 and Ostend (Belgium) on 8 July 2015. Five species of the genus Achomosphaera Evitt 1963 Evitt ...

Subarctic permafrost peatlands are important soil organic carbon pools, and improved knowledge about peat properties and peatland sensitivity to past climate change is essential when predicting future response to a warmer ...

Zircon from Ratanakiri Province, north-eastern Cambodia, is well known in the gem trade for its vivid blue colour that results from heat treatment. The untreated brown material turns blue under reducing conditions at ...

Seismic petro‐facies characterization in low net‐to‐gross reservoirs with poor reservoir properties such as the Snadd Formation in the Goliat field requires a multidisciplinary approach. This is especially important when ...

Halogen- and sulfur-containing compounds are supersaturated in the surface ocean, which results in their emission to the atmosphere. These compounds can be transported to the stratosphere, where they impact ozone, the ...

A methodology for estimating and downscaling the probability associated with the duration of heatwaves is presented and applied as a case study for Indian wheat crops. These probability estimates make use of empirical-statistical ...

There have been numerous reports that surges of tidewater glaciers in Svalbard were initiated at the terminus and propagated up‐glacier, in contrast with downglacier‐propagating surges of land‐terminating glaciers. Most ...

The Kaviro lead deposit is located in the Lut Block, which is an important metallogenic province in Eastern Iran (lat 34°22'N, long 57°18'E). The deposit includes ore-bearing veins and veinlets emplaced in folds and hosted ...

This study investigatesfive megacrysts of xenotime (XN01, XN02, XN03, XN04, and XN05) aspotential reference materials (RMs) for U-Pb geochronology. These crystals belong to a 300 g xenotimeassortment, collected from alluvial ...

The increasing awareness of the many damaging aspects of climate change has prompted research into ways of reducing and reversing the anthropogenic increase in carbon concentrations in the atmosphere. Most emission scenarios ...

The identification and measurement of ground deformations in urban areas is of great importance for determining the vulnerable parts of the cities that are prone to geohazards, which is a crucial element of both sustainable ...

Hydration of a nominally dry rock can cause expansion of the solid volume, resulting in reaction‐induced fracturing and an associated increase in the porosity and permeability of the rock. We study the effect of confinement ...

In the Bergen Arc, western Norway, rocks exhumed from the lower crust record earthquakes that formed during the Caledonian collision. These earthquakes occurred at about 30–50 km depth under granulite or amphibolite facies ...

The structural and metamorphic evolution of the lower crust has direct effects on the lithospheric response to plate tectonic processes involved in orogeny, including subsidence of sedimentary basins, stability of deep ...

Tectonic plates subducting at trenches having strikes oblique to the absolute subducting plate motion undergo trench‐parallel slab motion through the mantle, recently defined as a form of “slab dragging.” We investigate ...

Impact crater morphologies vary significantly across the lunar maria. Craters with diameter less than 400 m are closely related to variations in target properties (rock strength, porosity, and layering) as well as the ...

Svalbard tidewater glaciers are retreating, which will affect fjord circulation and ecosystems when glacier fronts become land-terminating. Knowledge of the subglacial topography and bathymetry under retreating glaciers ...

The Upper Triassic to Middle Jurassic Wilhelmøya Subgroup forms one of the more suitable reservoir units on the Norwegian Arctic archipelago of Svalbard. The target siliciclastic storage unit, which is encountered at approx. ...

Stylolites are ubiquitous geo-patterns observed in rocks in the upper crust, from geological reservoirs in sedimentary rocks to deformation zones, in folds, faults, and shear zones. These rough surfaces play a major role ...

Stylolites are planar features that form due to intergranular pressure solution. Due to their planar geometry and relative abundance in limestone reservoirs, their impact on regional fluid flow has attracted considerable ...

There is consensus that, at 1.0–0.9 Ga, the granulites in the Eastern Ghats Province (EGP), Eastern India, and the Rayner Complex, Antarctica, were parts of a coherently evolved crustal block. Paleogeographic reconstructions ...

Rock failure under shear loading conditions controls earthquake and faulting phenomena. We study the dynamics of microscale damage precursory to shear faulting in a quartz‐monzonite rock representative of crystalline rocks ...

The statistics and dynamics of fractures formed during the accelerated maturation of kerogen-rich shale was investigated by heating Green River Shale (R-8 unit, Piceance Basin, northwestern Colorado) core samples while 3D ...

In the Earth's upper crust, where aqueous fluids can circulate freely, most mineral transformations are controlled by the coupling between the dissolution of a mineral that releases chemical species into the fluid and ...

We present an experimental method to study time-dependent, CO2-induced, local topography changes in mm-sized composite samples, plus results showing heterogeneous swelling of coal and shale on the nano- to micrometer scale. ...

In order to better understand the microtextural changes associated with serpentinization reactions, natural millimeter-sized olivine grains were experimentally reacted with alkaline NaOH and NaHCO3 solutions at a temperature ...

Subduction zones are unique to Earth and fundamental in its evolution, yet we still know little about the causes and mechanisms of their initiation. Numerical models show that far-field forcing may cause subduction initiation ...

Concentration times in small and medium-sized basins (∼10–1000 km2) are commonly less than 24 h. Flood-forecasting models are thus required to provide simulations at high temporal resolutions (1 h–6 h), although time-series ...

The Eggvin Bank, located between the Jan Mayen Island and Greenland, is an unusually shallow area containing several submarine volcanic peaks, confined by two transforms on the Northern Kolbeinsey Ridge (NKR). We represent ...

We investigate initiation and evolution of sheath folds developing in multilayer sequences around slip surfaces in simple shear. The slip surface is initially circular and oriented at 135° to the shearing direction. The ...

Although partial melt in the asthenosphere is important geodynamically, geophysical constraints on its abundance remain ambiguous. We use a database of seamounts detected using satellite altimetry to constrain the temporal ...

Background: Over the last two decades, progress in prevention and treatment of caries and periodontal diseases has been translated to better oral health and improved tooth retention in the adult population. The ageing ...

The Lower Miocene Nukhul Formation was deposited early during early stages of Gulf of Suez rifting. Outcrop of this Formation at Gebel el Zeit, Egypt is up to 100 m (328 ft) thick and consist of lower sandstone-dominated ...

Seismic reflection data along volcanic passive margins frequently provide imaging of strong and laterally continuous reflections in the middle and lower crust. We have completed a detailed 2‐D seismic interpretation of the ...

The Fingerdjupet Subbasin in the southwestern Barents Sea sits in a key tectonic location between deep rifts in the west and more stable platform areas in the east. Its evolution is characterized by extensional reactivation ...

Satellite measurements of coseismic displacements are typically based on synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry or amplitude tracking, or based on optical data such as from Landsat, Sentinel-2, SPOT, ASTER, very ...

The climate research community uses atmospheric reanalysis data sets to understand a wide range of processes and variability in the atmosphere, yet different reanalyses may give very different results for the same diagnostics. ...