The PhD thesis is a collection of four articles that investigate the controls of syn- and post-kinematic faulting on reservoirs. Case studies from the Barents Shelf are presented (Svalbard and the Hammerfest Basin). Offshore ...

With dense SAR satellite data time series it is possible to map surface and subsurface glacier properties that vary in time. On Sentinel-1A and RADARSAT-2 backscatter time series images over mainland Norway and Svalbard, ...

Rock salt creeps under shear at the low temperatures encountered close to the surface. Salt flow is problematic for any cavity, like caverns or wells, because of the time dependent closure it induces if the internal hole ...

This PhD aims primarily to assess the long-term sealing capabilities of shaly seal rock units overlying potential adequate CO2 storage reservoirs. The motivation for the project has been that in order to reduce CO2 emissions ...

Microscopic plant remains (spores and pollen) allow us to trace vegetation and detect environmental, especially climatic changes from deep time in the geological past. The Late Triassic (237-201 Ma) period is marked by an ...

Seismic signals are generally spread across many data samples of the recorded data. Applying a mathematical transformation to the data can however concentrate them on few samples only of the transform domain. Such ...

In the last couple of years many Earth observation satellites with optical instruments have been set in space. These satellites generate an enormous amount of data and give us a image of different landforms on Earth. The ...

The global circulation driven solely by relaxation to an idealized surface temperature profile and to interior mixing is examined. Forcing by winds and evaporation/precipitation is excluded. The resulting circulation ...

Sudden Stratospheric Warmings (SSW) affect the chemistry and dynamics of the middle atmosphere. Major warmings occur roughly every second winter in the Northern Hemisphere (NH), but has only been observed once in the ...

This work presents a study on the interrelationship of burial diagenesis, depositional facies, the origin and distribution of diagenetic clay minerals, and diagenesis in sediment–sill sequences, as well as the thermal ...

We used a finite element model to interpret anti-correlated pressure variations at the base of a glacier to demonstrate the importance of stress redistribution in the basal ice. We first investigated two pairs of load cells ...

Vulkansk aske i atmosfæren medfører en risiko for flytrafikk, såvel som helserisiko for samfunnet og kan påvirke klimaet. I denne avhandlingen er det undersøkt ulike typer aske, lokalisering, konsentrasjon, og spesielt ...

The cryosphere is defined as the areas of the Earth where water is found frozen. The notion of cryospheric processes relates to glaciers, ice caps, ice sheets, ice shelves, sea ice and permafrost. Cryospheric processes are ...

Here we use an Earth system model with interactive biogeochemistry to project future ocean biogeochemistry impacts from the large-scale deployment of three different radiation management (RM) climate engineering (also known ...

We have addressed the seismic data denoising problem, in which the noise is random and has an unknown spatiotemporally varying variance. In seismic data processing, random noise is often attenuated using transform-based ...

The rate at which global mean sea level (GMSL) rose during the 20th century is uncertain, with little consensus between various reconstructions that indicate rates of rise ranging from 1.3 to 2 mm⋅y−1. Here we present a ...

Satellite measurements of coseismic displacements are typically based on synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry or amplitude tracking, or based on optical data such as from Landsat, Sentinel-2, SPOT, ASTER, very ...

An updated magnetic anomaly grid of the NE Atlantic and an improved database of magnetic anomaly and fracture zone identifications allow the kinematic history of this region to be revisited. At break-up time, continental ...

The climate research community uses atmospheric reanalysis data sets to understand a wide range of processes and variability in the atmosphere, yet different reanalyses may give very different results for the same diagnostics. ...

Direct snow depth measurements are sparse, especially in remote areas. In this study, we assess the potential of ICESat laser altimetry for providing snow depths for its operational period 2003–2009 on the example of the ...

In this paper, a process‐based analytical derivation approach is proposed to perform a nonstationary analysis for annual runoff distribution by taking into account the information of nonstationarities in both hydrological ...

The Eggvin Bank, located between the Jan Mayen Island and Greenland, is an unusually shallow area containing several submarine volcanic peaks, confined by two transforms on the Northern Kolbeinsey Ridge (NKR). We represent ...

Although partial melt in the asthenosphere is important geodynamically, geophysical constraints on its abundance remain ambiguous. We use a database of seamounts detected using satellite altimetry to constrain the temporal ...

Background: Over the last two decades, progress in prevention and treatment of caries and periodontal diseases has been translated to better oral health and improved tooth retention in the adult population. The ageing ...

Saprock-saprolite associations were studied by field and laboratory methods (optical microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, electron microprobe) in order to describe regolith development in the ...

Concentration times in small and medium-sized basins (∼10–1000 km2) are commonly less than 24 h. Flood-forecasting models are thus required to provide simulations at high temporal resolutions (1 h–6 h), although time-series ...

The Lower Miocene Nukhul Formation was deposited early during early stages of Gulf of Suez rifting. Outcrop of this Formation at Gebel el Zeit, Egypt is up to 100 m (328 ft) thick and consist of lower sandstone-dominated ...

Seismic reflection data along volcanic passive margins frequently provide imaging of strong and laterally continuous reflections in the middle and lower crust. We have completed a detailed 2‐D seismic interpretation of the ...

Advances and retreats of mountain glaciers in Arctic and alpine areas are one of the most visible signs of climatic changes. Glaciers therefore play an important role as sensitive climate change indicators. Glacier products ...

Albedo is a fundamental parameter in earth sciences, and many analyses utilize the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF)/albedo (MCD43) algorithms. ...

The Early Eocene continental breakup was magma-rich and formed part of the North Atlantic Igneous Province. Extrusive and intrusive magmatism was abundant on the continental side, and a thick oceanic crust was produced up ...

The Loppa High area has been subject to several events of uplift and subsidence from the Late Paleozoic to Present. The driving mechanisms behind the vertical movements, however, are not fully understood. We propose that ...

Statistical downscaling is useful for managing scale and resolution problems in outputs from global climate models (GCMs) for climate change impact studies. To improve downscaling of precipitation occurrence, this study ...

Nye metoder for å analysere laserdata fra NASA-satellitten ICESat viser hvor mye isbreer smelter, og hvor mye snø det ligger på bakken. Dette gir oss økt forståelse om forhold i områder som ellers er vanskelig tilgjengelige. ...

Pockmarks are seafloor craters usually formed during methane release on continental margins. However, the mechanisms behind their formation and dynamics remain elusive. Here we report detailed investigations on one of the ...

Europe has warmed faster than the rest of the globe during the last decades, especially when considering trends for each season separately. In addition to warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions, the atmospheric circulation ...

The analysis of surface deformation associated with intruding magma has become an established method to study subsurface processes and intrusion architecture. Active subsurface magmatism induces deformation that is commonly ...

Mud volcanism, or sedimentary volcanism, represents one of the most intriguing phenomena of the Earth's crust, with important implications in energy resource exploration, seismicity, geo-hazard and atmospheric budget of ...

The Stø Formation is the most important reservoir interval in the Norwegian Barents Sea, however the reservoir quality can be highly affected by the detrimental effects of quartz cement where there have been extensive post ...

The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) system on board the Terra (EOS AM-1) satellite has been a source of stereoscopic images covering the whole globe at 15-m resolution with consistent ...

The emplacement of igneous intrusions into sedimentary basins mechanically deforms the host rocks and causes hydrocarbon maturation. Existing models of host-rock deformation are investigated using high-quality 3D seismic ...

High Mountain Asia hosts the largest glacier concentration outside the polar regions. These glaciers are important contributors to streamflow in one of the most populated areas of the world. Past studies have used methods ...

©2016. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.

Voluminous igneous complexes are commonly present in sedimentary basins on volcanic rifted margins, and they represent a challenge for petroleum explorationists. A 2500 km2 industry-standard 3D seismic cube has recently ...

Vent structures are intimately associated with sill intrusions in sedimentary basins globally and are thought to have been formed contemporaneously due to overpressure generated by gas generation during thermogenic breakdown ...

Continental breakup between northwest Europe and Greenland (approximately 56 Ma) was associated with widespread magmatism. Silica undersaturated alkaline porphyritic igneous rocks of a similar age have previously been ...

The common-reflection-surface (CRS) method offers a stack with higher signal-to-noise ratio at the cost of a time-consuming semblance search to obtain the stacking parameters. We have developed a fast method for extracting ...

The mid-Norwegian margin is regarded as an example of a volcanic-rifted margin, formed prior to and during, Paleogene breakup of the northeast Atlantic. The area is characterized by the presence of voluminous basaltic ...

The emplacement of large intrusive complexes into sedimentary basins can have profound effects on host sedimentary rocks including deformation, thermal aureole metamorphic reactions, alteration of fluid-flow pathways, and ...

Continental rifting is often associated with voluminous magmatism and perturbations in the Earth's climate. In this study, we use 2D seismic data from the northeast Greenland margin to document two Paleogene-aged sill ...

Fastmerker etableres for å oppnå et stabilt punkt med så lav punktdeformasjon som mulig. Så langt det er mulig velges også områder med faste, stabile masser for plassering av fastmerker. Av flere årsaker kan det likevel ...

A suite of oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs – acetaldehyde, acetone, propanal, butanal and butanone) were measured concurrently in the surface water and atmosphere of the South China Sea and Sulu Sea in November ...

The climate active trace-gas carbonyl sulfide (OCS) is the most abundant sulfur gas in the atmosphere. A missing source in its atmospheric budget is currently suggested, resulting from an upward revision of the vegetation ...

Understanding of long-term dynamics of glaciers and ice caps is vital to assess their recent and future changes, yet few long-term reconstructions using ice flow models exist. Here we present simulations of the maritime ...

The upper tail of a flood frequency distribution is always specifically concerned with flood control. However, different model selection criteria often give different optimal distributions when the focus is on the upper ...

A mosaic approach to represent subgrid snow variation in a coupled atmosphere–land surface model (WRF–Noah) is introduced and tested. Solid precipitation is scaled in 10 subgrid tiles based on precalculated snow distributions, ...

The Karakoram mountain range is well known for its numerous surge-type glaciers of which several have recently surged or are still doing so. Analysis of multi-temporal satellite images and digital elevation models have ...

The lost momentum in spatially damped internal Kelvin waves reappears as Eulerian mean currents through the action of the nonlinear wave-wave interaction terms. A novel expression is derived for the steady balance between ...

Palsas and peat plateaus are permafrost landforms occurring in subarctic mires which constitute sensitive ecosystems with strong significance for vegetation, wildlife, hydrology and carbon cycle. Firstly, we have systematically ...

The Stokes drift in long baroclinic equatorial Rossby waves is investigated theoretically by using eigenfunction expansions in the vertical. These waves are non-dispersive and propagate westward along the equator. Particular ...

Studies for the prevention and mitigation of floods require information on discharge and extent of inundation, commonly unavailable or uncertain, especially during extreme events. This study was initiated by the devastating ...

The spectacular eruption of Lusi began in NE Java, Indonesia, on 29 May 2006 and is still ongoing. Since its birth, Lusi has presented a pulsating activity marked by frequent eruptions of gas, water, mud and clasts. The ...

The Grande da Pipa River (GPR) basin (Portugal) has natural conditions that favor the occurrence of landslides. The hydrological year 2009/10 was characterized by high amounts of rainfall, which led to the occurrence of ...

Many geodynamo models predict an inverse relationship between geomagnetic reversal frequency and field strength. However, most of the absolute paleointensity data, obtained predominantly by the Thellier method from bulk ...

Using field surveys in 2013, 2014, and 2016 plus satellite data from the 1999–2015 period, we analyze the seasonal drainage cycle of supraglacial lakes on seven debris-covered glaciers in the central Tien Shan. We characterize ...

Estimating the long-term mass balance of the high-Arctic Svalbard archipelago is difficult due to the incomplete geodetic and direct glaciological measurements, both in space and time. To close these gaps, we use a coupled ...

In consideration of the strong atmospheric warming that has been observed since the 1990s in polar regions there is a need to quantify mass loss of Arctic ice caps and glaciers and their contribution to sea level rise. In ...

Accurate representation of black carbon (BC) concentrations in climate models is a key prerequisite for understanding its net climate impact. BC aging and scavenging are treated very differently in current models. Here, ...

The Réunion mantle plume has shaped a large area of the Earth's surface over the past 65 million years: from the Deccan Traps in India along the hotspot track comprising the island chains of the Laccadives, Maldives, and ...

Ranking of CO2 storage sites in the Nordic countries has previously been reported from the NORDICCS project. The ranking was based on geological characteristics of reservoir and seal, data coverage and safety evaluation ...

We study the local seismicity in East Java around the Arjuno-Welirang volcanic complex that is connected via the Watukosek Fault System, to the spectacular Lusi eruption site. Lusi is a sediment-hosted hydrothermal system ...

Snow cover is one of the crucial factors influencing the plant distribution in harsh Arctic regions. In tundra environments, wind redistribution of snow leads to a very heterogeneous spatial distribution which influences ...

It is important that climate models can accurately simulate the terrestrial carbon cycle in the Arctic due to the large and potentially labile carbon stocks found in permafrost-affected environments, which can lead to a ...

The basal topography is largely unknown beneath most glaciers and ice caps, and many attempts have been made to estimate a thickness field from other more accessible information at the surface. Here, we present a two-step ...

This study examines the impacts of emissions from aviation in six source regions on global and regional temperatures. We consider the NOx-induced impacts on ozone and methane, aerosols and contrail-cirrus formation and ...

A rare gemstone form of “ekanite” from Okkampitiya, eastern Sri Lanka, has a chemical composition of Ca2Th0.9U0.1Si8O20, corresponding to that of the tetragonal mineral ekanite. The Okkampitiya material, however, has ...

The Lusi mud eruption in East Java, Indonesia, has continued unabated for more than ten years with no end in sight. This review summarizes what has been learned about this intriguing system, from its inception to the current ...

Permafrost is a sensitive element of the cryosphere, but operational monitoring of the ground thermal conditions on large spatial scales is still lacking. Here, we demonstrate a remote-sensing-based scheme that is capable ...

Clastic eruptions are the surface expression of piercement structures such as mud volcanoes or hydrothermal vent complexes and involve subsurface sediment remobilisation and fluid flow processes. During these eruptions, ...

Earth’s spin axis follows the maximum moment of inertia axis of mantle convection, with some delay due to adjustment of the rotational bulge. Here we compute this axis for geodynamic models based on subduction history, ...

The transport of fluids through the Earth’s crust controls the redistribution of elements to form mineral and hydrocarbon deposits, the release and sequestration of greenhouse gases, and facilitates metamorphic reactions ...

We calculate the absolute regional temperature change potential (ARTP) of various short-lived climate forcers (SLCFs) based on detailed radiative forcing (RF) calculations from four different models. The temperature response ...

The seismic oceanography method is based on extracting and stacking the low-frequency acoustic energy scattered by the ocean heterogeneity. However, a good understanding on how this acoustic wavefield is affected by physical ...

The spectacular Lusi mud-eruption started in northeast Java the 29th of May 2006. Despite extensive research, the origin of the erupted water remains elusive and poorly constrained. Here we present a comprehensive study ...

Organic geochemical analyses of rocks, oils, condensates and gas can be used to infer the diversity of petroleum compositions. This has implication for the understanding of petroleum systems and can provide useful data for ...

We have developed a method for suppressing coherent noise from seismic data by using the morphological differences between the noise and the signal. This method consists of three steps: First, we applied a dictionary ...

The geoscience community is increasingly utilizing seismic tomography to interpret mantle heterogeneity and its links to past tectonic and geodynamic processes. To assess the robustness and distribution of positive seismic ...

Marine cloud brightening through sea spray injection has been proposed as a climate engineering method for avoiding the most severe consequences of global warming. A limitation of most of the previous modelling studies on ...

Tectonic inversion of rift basins is most commonly reported in the literature to occur after rifting has ceased. In contrast, we present evidence for synrift, localized tectonic inversion from the Loppa High area, southwestern ...

The continuation of the Caledonides into the Barents Sea has long been a subject of discussion, and two major orientations of the Caledonian deformation fronts have been suggested: NNW-SSE striking and NE-SW striking. A ...

A new regional compilation of seamount-like oceanic igneous features (SOIFs) in the NE Atlantic points to three distinct oceanic areas of abundant seamount clusters. Seamounts on oceanic crust dated 54–50 Ma are formed on ...

Lusi is a sediment‐hosted hydrothermal system featuring clastic‐dominated geyser‐like eruption behavior in East Java, Indonesia. We use 10 months of ambient seismic noise cross correlations from 30 temporary seismic stations ...

Satellite observations have revolutionized oceanography, capturing diverse phenomena over much of the globe. However, it remains to understand how surface fields, like sea surface height, reflect the motion occurring at ...

Optical satellite products are available at different processing levels. Of these products, terrain corrected (i.e., orthorectified) products are the ones mostly used for glacier displacement estimation. For terrain ...

Contemporary optical remote sensing satellites or constellations of satellites can acquire imagery at sub-weekly or even daily timescales. These systems have the potential to facilitate intra-seasonal, short-term surface ...

When Earth observation satellite systems are designed, one typically prefers a sun-synchronous orbit. However, the first generations of cubesats from Planet were deployed out of the International Space Station (ISS) and ...

Northwestern Namibia, at the landfall of the Walvis Ridge, was affected by the Tristan da Cunha mantle plume during continental rupture between Africa and South America, as evidenced by the presence of the Etendeka continental ...