Viscous convection within the mantle is linked to tectonic plate motions and deforms Earth’s surface across wide areas. Such close links between surface geology and deep mantle dynamics presumably operated throughout Earth’s ...

The Laccadive–Chagos Ridge and Southern Mascarene Plateau in the north-central and western Indian Ocean, respectively, are thought to be volcanic chains formed above the Réunion mantle plume1 over the past 65.5 million ...