Modern seismic exploration for hydrocarbons in the subsurface relies on a good understanding of how different rock properties influence the remotely recorded seismic response. The bridge between the geological properties, ...

Siliciclastic sandstones constitute important reservoirs for subsurface storage of water, oil and natural gas. Knowledge of the geological processes enhancing or reducing the key reservoir properties – porosity and ...

This PhD thesis is a collection of four articles that investigate the influence of a low-accommodation setting on down-dip changes in facies, architecture and key stratigraphic surfaces in fluvio-deltaic transects. The ...

In the Cenozoic time (66 – 0 Ma) the global climate changed from greenhouse to icehouse conditions. Changes in continents and ocean geometry, geography, and topography due to plate tectonics, erosion, and mantle dynamics ...

Lusi is a large hydrothermal vent system, constantly erupting since 14 years in the East Java sedimentary basin. Its activity is fuelled by a subsurface magmatic intrusion and associated hydrothermal fluid migration taking ...

The interpretation of seismic data is an integrated process that requires geophysical knowledge and an intuitive geological understanding. While seismic interpretation is essential in order to accumulate knowledge and build ...

Regionalization is a common approach for runoff prediction in the basin lacking observed discharge data (called ungauged basin). Regionalization is the process of borrowing information (e.g. the hydrological model parameters) ...

Microcontinents are small continental pieces that have been separated from their parent continent. We often find such microcontinents in oceans that form after the breakup of a large continent (e.g. the North Atlantic, ...

The interior of the Norwegian Sea, or in the regional geological nomenclature “mid-Norwegian passive margin”, contains of about 20% of total oil and gas resources of the Norwegian Continental Shelf. However, the significant ...

Hydrocarbons in easily accessible areas have been explored on the Norwegian continental shelf, with much of it having been tapped out to supply the world’s energy demand. The growing consumption and demand have driven ...

In the Himalayas –the mountain range in Asia, there is a high demand for hydro-meteorological datasets for the water resource management. Hydro-meteorological observations is minimal because of the adverse geographical ...

The hydration of the Earth’s mantle is a crucial process for many aspects of our planet, from the behaviour of the tectonic plates to the global water cycle and the origin of life. This process is called serpentinization ...

Seismic imaging methods have been widely used in the petroleum industry for hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir monitoring. The principle of seismic imaging methods is employing elastic waves generated by seismic source ...

Weather forecasts are produced by complex numerical models, issued to end users and then updated after a certain period of time, usually at least several hours. During this time, it might become obvious that the current ...

In the Late Neoproterozoic the supercontinent Rodinia started to disintegrate, and the continents Baltica and Laurentia began to rift apart to form the Iapetus Ocean. Early stages of subsidence caused by ductile stretching ...

This study presented in this doctoral thesis addresses the development of the Upper Jurassic Curtis Formation, outcropping in east-central Utah. The study suggests a separation of the Curtis Formation in three geological ...

Sedimenter i Edvard Grieg-feltet ble dannet for 200 millioner år siden. Gjentatte flomperioder har brakt store mengder sedimenter som ble avsatt som stor vifteavsetninger (såkalte alluvialevifter) langs dalsidene. Viftene ...

This PhD thesis addresses how fault and fold growth affect accommodation development and sediment routing and fill in extensional basins. Extensional basins are key constituents of passive continental passive and ...

In the contemporary world, many environmental and water resources related decisions rely upon wide range of modelling results. However, models are simplified representations of reality and their predictions are generally ...

This thesis presents a satellite-based modeling framework that can estimate how much snow was stored in the terrain. These estimates can help guide climate analysis and prediction. Accurate quantification of Earth’s snow ...

In previously glaciated mountain regions rock-slope failure processes contribute significantly to landscape development and may pose a direct or indirect threat to the population and infrastructure in inhabited areas. In ...

About one sixth of the world’s population is dependent on fresh water supply from snow or glacier melt. A detailed understanding of what drives the timing and quantity of snow melt and streamflow is therefore paramount, ...

Kongsfjorden, in the Spitsbergen, is 26 km long and surrounded with glaciers with different dynamic behavior. Mass balance of the entire glacierized area of Kongsfjord basin is +0.23 m w.e. a-1 over the period 1980-2016 ...

The main objectives of this thesis were to study basalt alteration and formation of secondary phases and their implications on Mars (Paper I), and potential consequences for petroleum reservoirs influenced by the presence ...

The PhD thesis is a collection of four articles that investigate the controls of syn- and post-kinematic faulting on reservoirs. Case studies from the Barents Shelf are presented (Svalbard and the Hammerfest Basin). Offshore ...

The study area is located north of Iceland in the Jan Mayen-East Greenland area, NE Atlantic. It has a number of magmatic productions. Magmatism in Iceland is related to a mantle plume bringing hot mantle up from deeper ...

Microscopic plant remains (spores and pollen) allow us to trace vegetation and detect environmental, especially climatic changes from deep time in the geological past. The Late Triassic (237-201 Ma) period is marked by an ...

Seismic signals are generally spread across many data samples of the recorded data. Applying a mathematical transformation to the data can however concentrate them on few samples only of the transform domain. Such ...

Rock salt creeps under shear at the low temperatures encountered close to the surface. Salt flow is problematic for any cavity, like caverns or wells, because of the time dependent closure it induces if the internal hole ...

Volcanoes are both threat to life and source of economic wealth, however little is known about the processes in the Earth’s crust leading to their origin. Laboratory models are used to shed light on the otherwise inaccessible ...

This work presents a study on the interrelationship of burial diagenesis, depositional facies, the origin and distribution of diagenetic clay minerals, and diagenesis in sediment–sill sequences, as well as the thermal ...

CO2 sequestration in geological formations is a promising technology and a crucial measure to reduce CO2 emissions across the energy system. It is an essential part of the solution for mitigating climate change caused by ...

This PhD aims primarily to assess the long-term sealing capabilities of shaly seal rock units overlying potential adequate CO2 storage reservoirs. The motivation for the project has been that in order to reduce CO2 emissions ...

Volcanism is a fundamental process on Earth. It is responsible for the formation of new crust, by adding hot magma to the surface where it solidifies. Ascending magma interacts with geological formations by adding heat, ...

In the last couple of years many Earth observation satellites with optical instruments have been set in space. These satellites generate an enormous amount of data and give us a image of different landforms on Earth. The ...

Vulkansk aske i atmosfæren medfører en risiko for flytrafikk, såvel som helserisiko for samfunnet og kan påvirke klimaet. I denne avhandlingen er det undersøkt ulike typer aske, lokalisering, konsentrasjon, og spesielt ...

The cryosphere is defined as the areas of the Earth where water is found frozen. The notion of cryospheric processes relates to glaciers, ice caps, ice sheets, ice shelves, sea ice and permafrost. Cryospheric processes are ...

I løpet av Jordas historie har det oppstått fem store masseutryddelser, hvor over 70 % av livet ble utryddet og det oppstod store klimatiske endringer. Fire av utryddelsene korrelerer i tid med store vulkanutbrudd, og det ...

Europe has warmed faster than the rest of the globe during the last decades, especially when considering trends for each season separately. In addition to warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions, the atmospheric circulation ...

Nye metoder for å analysere laserdata fra NASA-satellitten ICESat viser hvor mye isbreer smelter, og hvor mye snø det ligger på bakken. Dette gir oss økt forståelse om forhold i områder som ellers er vanskelig tilgjengelige. ...

Organic geochemical analyses of rocks, oils, condensates and gas can be used to infer the diversity of petroleum compositions. This has implication for the understanding of petroleum systems and can provide useful data for ...

Advances and retreats of mountain glaciers in Arctic and alpine areas are one of the most visible signs of climatic changes. Glaciers therefore play an important role as sensitive climate change indicators. Glacier products ...

Permafrost is present in several parts of Norway and contributes to binding mountain rock walls together, as well as storing potential greenhouse gasses as organic carbon in mires. Global climate changes influence the ...

Climate change can cause decline in crops especially in vulnerable areas. In southern Tanzania maize production is expected to decline due to projected future warming and changes in seasonal rainfall patterns and distribution. ...

In plate tectonics scientists study the present and past motions of the lithospheric plates over the Earth’s surface. The reconstruction of the location and orientation of the continents and oceans in deep time is referred ...

The hydrology of glaciers is known to have a significant influence on glacier dynamics. Rapid variations in dynamics can occur due to changes in the glacial and subglacial hydrology. However, our understanding of the ...

Climate change is one of the most serious environmental threats that humanity has ever been confronted to. Hydrological models are vital tools to asses its impacts on the water cycle and water resources. The goal of this ...

Glacier surging is an internally triggered instability. Surge-type glaciers periodically alternate between long periods of slow flow (the quiescent phase) and short periods of fast flow (the surge phase). Surging yields ...

The tomographic scanning (TOSCA) family of imagers collects their raw signals from a line-shaped sensitive area scanned across the image plane. An image is then formed by tomographic reconstruction techniques. A TOSCA ...

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) in geological reservoirs – especially saline aquifers – is a key midterm solution to mitigate climate changes caused by increasing anthropogenic CO2. In order to ensure that a CCS project ...

Internal waves are generated when water currents interact with bottom topography, as when tidal flow pass across a sill in a fjord. These internal waves carry energy that is made available for turbulent mixing when the ...

This dissertation investigates the physical structure of the crust and upper mantle in southwestern Scandinavia using different seismological and non-seismologic geophysical methods: 1. The S-wave velocity structure of ...

Quick clay is a known hazard in formerly-glaciated coastal areas in e.g., Scandinavia and Canada, and hence significant efforts are being taken to map their occurrence and extent. Quick-clay landslide prone areas are usually ...

Internasjonalt forbruk av varer og tjenester er en pådriver for økt global produksjon og utslipp av drivhusgasser. Et eksempel er økende internasjonal handel av Brasiliansk biff og soyabønner som øker presset på regnskogen ...

Glaciers are among the most frequently used natural phenomena to illustrate ongoing global warming. Retreating glacier tongues and the reduction of glacierized areas are visible all over the world. Changes in glacier volume ...

Bølgemekanismer i havet slik som ”Stokes drift” bidrar til å systematisk forflytte store mengder vannpartikler i en bestemt retning over store avstander. Stokes drift har blitt studert grundig for overflatebølger for ...

The introduction of the thesis consists of a brief description of the scope and objectives, some background information on storage mechanisms for CO2 and the models we applied for addressing the necessary questions for ...

The Ritland structure is the remnants of a 2.7 km diameter, 350 m deep, Early to Middle Cambrian marine impact crater, located in Hjelmeland, western Norway. The impact origin of this structure was proposed in 2001 based ...

Snow avalanches are a natural phenomenon occurring in snow covered alpine areas all over the world. A complex process combining gravity, topographical conditions, physical and mechanical properties of snow and meteorological ...

This thesis adresses the problem of how to image the time-varying sea surface based on dual sensor marine seismic data. Although flat and stationary sea surface assumptions may suffice during the processing of marine seismic ...

Kalde områder er svært omskiftelige og spiller en viktig rolle i den globale klimadebatten. De reagerer sensitivt selv på små klimatiske variasjoner, ettersom temperaturene fluktuerer rundt frysepunktet. Det er derfor behov ...

Tropospheric ozone is currently the third most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas in terms of radiative forcing. In contrast to the long-lived greenhouse gases, e.g. CO2 and CH4, ozone has the ability to cause regional ...

The combined effect of glacial and periglacial processes on landscape evolution has recently been termed the ‘cryoconditioning’ of landscapes, and largely affect the Fennoscandian landmass. Further, the distribution of ...

Sudan har vært utsatt for flere år med degredasjon av vegetasjonen og er rammet av klimaendringer som har ført til fatale konsekvenser for Sudans skjøre økonomi og livene til landets 41 millioner mennesker. Vegetasjons- ...

The velocity of glaciers is important for many aspects in glaciology. Mass accumulated in the accumulation area is transported down to the ablation area by deformation and sliding due to the gravitational force, and hence ...

In a changing climate, terrestrial water storages are of great interest as water availability impacts key aspects of ecosystem functioning. Thus, a better understanding of the variations of wet and dry periods will contribute ...

Photogrammetry, together with radar interferometry, is the most popular of the remote sensing techniques used to monitor stability of high mountain slopes. By using two images of an area taken from different view angles, ...

Supraglacial dust and debris affects many glaciologic variables, including radiative absorption, ablation, generation of supraglacial melt as well as mass flux. Earth observing satellite technology has advanced greatly in ...

The state of the continental ice masses has a direct impact on the global sea level. Changes in the polar regions will not only impact the people living in the Arctic, but also people living along coastlines around the ...

Glaciers, ice caps and ice sheets constitute a large reservoir in the global hydrological cycle and provide a coupling between climate and sea-level. Observations of glacial change is important for constraining their ...

Ice loss from glaciers and ice caps in the Arctic constitute a major contribution to eustatic sea-level rise. Climate change is more pronounced in the Arctic than in other regions, because strong feedback mechanisms such ...

This thesis uses ground-based, airborne and spaceborne elevation measurements to estimate elevation change and mass balance of glaciers and ice caps on the Svalbard archipelago in the Norwegian Arctic. Remote sensing data ...

This thesis is concerned with the evaluation and development of models related to the emissions and dispersion of traffic induced road dust. Road traffic is a highly important source of a range of pollutants having adverse ...