Worldwide, floods are the natural disaster causing the highest economic losses and casualties. Flood warnings are issued to inform of potential threats, and allow flood managing authorities time to take appropriate actions ...

Background Radioactive or stable isotopic labeling of metabolites is a strategy that is routinely used to map the cellular fate of a selected labeled metabolite after it is added to cell culture or to the ...

This thesis focuses on Danish sediments deposited in the eastern North Sea basin between 56-54.6 million years ago, including an extreme global warming event called the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) that was ...

Hyperpycnal flows have been widely described in different lacustrine and marine environments but sedimentary structures and fossil content in hyperpycnites often offer limited information about the palaeoenvironmental ...

When the climate warms, vegetation may counteract this through the increased emissions of gases, so called biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs). These compounds produce particles in the atmosphere which then act as ...

Uplift and erosion are complex phenomena in terms of their governing processes, precise timing and exact magnitude. The intricate relationship between different geodynamic processes leading to uplift may increase uncertainties ...

An extensive, reprocessed two-dimensional (2D) seismic data set was utilized together with available well data to study the Tiddlybanken Basin in the southeastern Norwegian Barents Sea, which is revealed to be an excellent ...

Marine controlled source electromagnetic (CSEM) data have been utilized in the past decade during petroleum exploration of the Barents Shelf, particularly for de-risking the highly porous sandstone reservoirs of the Upper ...

Gravity waves of the Stokes-type in a system of two horizontal layers of inviscid, stratified and miscible fluids are studied by applying a Lagrangian description of fluid motion. It is shown that for the total ...

The P-Cable technology is an acquisition principle for high-resolution and ultra-high-resolution 3D seismic data. Many 3D seismic datasets have been acquired over the last decade, but the application in time-lapse studies ...

Abstract In this study, we aim to better understand the current and future projections of precipitation extremes in Europe in the context of climatic variability over a long-term period from the last millennium to the end ...

A longer temporal scale of Antarctic observations is vital to better understanding glacier dynamics and improving ice sheet model projections. One underutilized data source that expands the temporal scale is aerial ...

A significant knowledge gap exists when analysing and predicting the hydraulic behaviour of faults within carbonate reservoirs. To improve this, a large database of carbonate fault rock properties has been collected from ...

Earth's heat budget is strongly influenced by spatial and temporal variations in surface heat flow caused by plate tectonic cycles. Here, we use a novel set of paleo‐seafloor age grids extending back to the mid‐Paleozoic ...

Abstract Quantifying natural geological sources of methane (CH 4 ) allows to improve the assessment of anthropogenic emissions to the atmosphere from fossil fuel industries. The global CH 4 flux of geological gas is, ...

The end-Triassic mass extinction (ETME) is thought to have been caused by voluminous, pulsed volcanic activity of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP). Over the last decades, various geochemical signals and proxy ...

Abstract Observations of ocean currents in the Arctic interior show a curious, and hitherto unexplained, vertical and temporal distribution of mesoscale activity. A marked seasonal cycle is found close to the surface: ...

Vegetation is an important component in global ecosystems, affecting the physical, hydrological and biogeochemical properties of the land surface. Accordingly, the way vegetation is parameterized strongly influences ...

The mechanisms which amplify orbitally driven changes in insolation and drive the glacial cycles of the past 2.6 million years, the Pleistocene, are poorly understood. Previous studies indicate that cloud phase feedbacks ...

Assessing initiation of rock-slope deformation and paleo-slip rates of rockslides is important to understand the impact of climate variability - in particular permafrost changes - on rockslide activity. Norway, with 6–6.5% ...

This thesis provides insights into fieldwork practices in Higher Education Earth Science and how these practices influence students’ senses of belonging and their negotiations of geoscience identities. The work illustrates ...

Svalbard Integrated Arctic Earth Observing System (SIOS) is an international partnership of research institutions studying the environment and climate in and around Svalbard. SIOS is developing an efficient observing system, ...

The ground beneath our feet is anything but dry; there is more water held in Earth’s rocks than all the world’s oceans combined. Fluids in the subsurface are always on the move and understanding this is important in the ...

The transfer of mean momentum from surface gravity waves to Eulerian mean fluxes is investigated by modeling the total wave momentum (the Stokes flux) as a thin surface layer moving with the phase speed c of the waves and ...

Abstract. Warm Atlantic-origin waters are modified in the Lofoten Basin in the Nordic Seas on their way toward the Arctic. An energetic eddy field redistributes these waters in the basin. Retained for extended periods, the ...

The mean drift in a permeable homogeneous bottom layer caused by internal gravity waves in an overlying stratified fluid, is investigated theoretically. We apply a Lagrangian formulation, together with the long-wave ...

The Miocene epoch (23.03–5.33 Ma) was a time interval of global warmth, relative to today. Continental configurations and mountain topography transitioned toward modern conditions, and many flora and fauna evolved into the ...

The Greenland Ice Sheet is currently not accounted for in Arctic mercury budgets, despite large and increasing annual runoff to the ocean and the socio-economic concerns of high mercury levels in Arctic organisms. Here we ...

The stratospheric, tropospheric and surface impacts from the 11 year ultraviolet solar spectral irradiance (SSI) variability have been extensively studied using climate models and observations. Here, we demonstrate using ...

Pull‐apart basins are structural features linked to the interactions between strike‐slip and extensional tectonics. Their morphology and structural evolution are determined by factors such as extension rate, the basin ...

The present study of field, petrological, exploration well, and seismic data describes backward-dipping duplexes comprised of phyllitic coal and bedding-parallel décollements and thrusts localized along lithological ...

Abstract The nature and growth of magmatic plumbing systems are of fundamental importance to igneous geology. Traditionally, magma chambers have been viewed as rapidly emplaced bodies of molten rock or partially ...

Partitioning precipitation into rain and snow is of pivotal importance in hydrological models. Errors in correctly determining precipitation phase at the surface can propagate into other parts of the model, and there is a ...

Siliciclastic sandstones constitute important reservoirs for subsurface storage of water, oil and natural gas. Knowledge of the geological processes enhancing or reducing the key reservoir properties – porosity and ...

Helicopters are sometimes hit by lightning when flying offshore along the coast of Norway. Often, the helicopter’s presence is what triggers the lightning strike, and this phenomenon is called Helicopter Triggered Lightning ...

Modern seismic exploration for hydrocarbons in the subsurface relies on a good understanding of how different rock properties influence the remotely recorded seismic response. The bridge between the geological properties, ...

This PhD thesis is a collection of four articles that investigate the influence of a low-accommodation setting on down-dip changes in facies, architecture and key stratigraphic surfaces in fluvio-deltaic transects. The ...

In the Cenozoic time (66 – 0 Ma) the global climate changed from greenhouse to icehouse conditions. Changes in continents and ocean geometry, geography, and topography due to plate tectonics, erosion, and mantle dynamics ...

The interior of the Norwegian Sea, or in the regional geological nomenclature “mid-Norwegian passive margin”, contains of about 20% of total oil and gas resources of the Norwegian Continental Shelf. However, the significant ...

The role of sea ice in the climate response after the 536 and 540 CE volcanic eruptions hasbeen investigated through MPI-ESM simulations with imposed volcanic forcing. There is aclear response in the Arctic sea-ice cover ...

Reservoir quality assessment was conducted from petrophysical analysis and rock physics diagnostics on 15 wells penetrating Middle Jurassic sandstone reservoir formations in different regions of the eastern Central North ...

Hydrocarbons in easily accessible areas have been explored on the Norwegian continental shelf, with much of it having been tapped out to supply the world’s energy demand. The growing consumption and demand have driven ...

The study describes the depositional development and sediment partitioning in a prograding paralic Triassic succession. The deposits are associated with the advance of large prism‐scale clinoforms across a shallower platform ...

The environmental behavior of perfluorinated alkyl acids (PFAA) and their precursors was investigated in lake Tyrifjorden, downstream a factory producing paper products coated with per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances ...

Aerosols interact with radiation and clouds. Substantial progress made over the past 40 years in observing, understanding, and modeling these processes helped quantify the imbalance in the Earth's radiation budget caused ...

Fracture stiffness and flow properties have been measured in the laboratory using naturally fractured fault rock samples from the Little Grand Wash fault, Utah, USA. We compare fracture closure and related flow change ...

Background Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is one of the delousing agents used to control sea lice infestations in salmonid aquaculture. However, some Lepeophtheirus salmonis populations have developed resistance towards H2O2. ...

The degree to which the Earth’s mantle stores and cycles water in excess of the storage capacity of nominally anhydrous minerals is dependent upon the stability of hydrous phases under mantle-relevant pressures, temperatures, ...

In the Himalayas –the mountain range in Asia, there is a high demand for hydro-meteorological datasets for the water resource management. Hydro-meteorological observations is minimal because of the adverse geographical ...

Lusi is a large hydrothermal vent system, constantly erupting since 14 years in the East Java sedimentary basin. Its activity is fuelled by a subsurface magmatic intrusion and associated hydrothermal fluid migration taking ...

Shoshonitic to ultrapotassic, mantle-derived volcanic rocks found within certain accretionary and collisional settings have trace element patterns comparable to those of common arc-related rocks, but with extreme enrichments ...

The process of primary migration, which controls the transfer of hydrocarbons from source to reservoir rocks, necessitates the existence of fluid pathways in low permeability sedimentary formations. Primary migration starts ...

Abstract There has been a surge of interest in the field of urban flooding in recent years. However, current stormwater management models are often too complex to apply on a large scale. To fill this gap, we use ...

The interpretation of seismic data is an integrated process that requires geophysical knowledge and an intuitive geological understanding. While seismic interpretation is essential in order to accumulate knowledge and build ...

Depleted oil reservoirs are considered a viable solution to the global challenge of CO2 storage. A key concern is whether the wells can be suitably sealed with cement to hinder the escape of CO2. Under reservoir conditions, ...

During the past decades, notions of Earth dynamics and climate change have changed drastically, as anthropogenic CO2-emissions are linked to measurable Earth system changes. At the same time, Earth scientists have discovered ...

MgO makes up about 20% of the Earth’s lower mantle; hence, its rheological behaviour is important for the dynamics and evolution of the Earth. Here, we investigate the strength of twin boundaries from 0 to 120 GPa using ...

Freshwater discharge from glaciers is increasing across the Arctic in response to anthropogenic climate change, which raises questions about the potential downstream effects in the marine environment. Whilst a combination ...

The Mjølnir structure, SW Barents Sea, is one of the best-preserved marine impact craters on Earth. After impact on the paleo-seafloor about 142 Ma ago, this crater experienced an atypical deformation of its central peak, ...

The Messinian Salinity Crisis (5.97–5.33 Ma) was caused by the closure of the Atlantic‐Mediterranean gateways that cut through the Gibraltar orogenic system. The geodynamic drivers underlying gateway closure and re‐opening ...

Assessment of the geomechanical properties of organic-rich shale caprocks is critical for a successful CO2 storage into a saline aquifer. In this study, we investigated the geochemical properties of the organic-rich shale ...

Doming, a superimposition of a scene-wide dome-shaped bias to the elevation data, is a classical problem in photogrammetry, especially when using the auto-calibration and bundle adjustment typical of the Structure-from-Motion ...

Chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) is the primary ore mineral for copper, but leaching of this mineral under atmospheric conditions is slow due to the formation of surface passivating phases such as elemental sulphur and jarosite. Here, ...

Noctilucent clouds (NLC) are mesospheric ice clouds occurring in the summer hemisphere at high latitudes and an altitude of about 83km. This region is the coldest of the earth’s atmosphere and is characterized by the ...

Giant impacts are disruptive events occurring in the early stages of planetary evolution. They may result in the formation of a protolunar disk or of a synestia. A central planet and one or several moons condense upon ...

Air bubble penetration depths are investigated with a bottom‐mounted echosounder at a seabed observatory in northern Norway. We compare a 1‐year time series of observed bubble depth against modeled and estimated turbulent ...

The granitic pegmatites of Tørdal pegmatite field, which are situated in the Vestfold and Telemark county in South Norway, have gained lot of mineralogical and economic interest the last hundred years mainly because of ...

This thesis uses chemical and X-ray data to explore the composition and crystal-structure of nordite-group minerals from the two localities Igdlutalik Island and Taseq slope in Ilímaussaq Alkaline Complex in South Greenland. ...

The boron isotopic composition of tourmaline and hambergite (Be2BO3[OH,F]) from peraluminous (n = 12), peralkaline (n = 1), and peralkaline nepheline syenite (n = 16) pegmatites has been measured by secondary ion mass ...

Deep-rooted mantle plumes are thought to originate from the margins of the Large Low Shear Velocity Provinces (LLSVPs) at the base of the mantle. Visible in seismic tomography, the LLSVPs are usually interpreted to be ...

Microcontinents and continental fragments are pieces of continental lithosphere, formed by extension and breakup, followed by plate boundary relocations. Microcontinents or continental fragments affiliated with passive ...

Conventional studies of petroleum basins associate oil generation with the gradual burial of organic-rich sediments. These classical models rely on the interplay between pressure, temperature, and the time required for ...

Even though production and open use of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been phased out in Western industrialised countries since the 1980s, PCBs were still present in waste collected from different waste handling ...

Microcontinents are small continental pieces that have been separated from their parent continent. We often find such microcontinents in oceans that form after the breakup of a large continent (e.g. the North Atlantic, ...

A transition from supradetachment to rift basin signature is recorded in the ~1,500 m thick succession of continental to shallow marine conglomerates, mixed carbonate‐siliciclastic shallow marine sediments and carbonate ...

Energetic particle precipitation is one of the main processes by which the sun influences atmospheric composition and structure. The polar middle atmosphere is chemically disturbed by the precipitation-induced production ...

The seasonal snow-cover is one of the most rapidly varying natural surface features on Earth. It strongly modulates the terrestrial water, energy, and carbon balance. Fractional snow-covered area (fSCA) is an essential ...

Relationship between different geomechanical and acoustic properties measured from seven laboratory tested unconsolidated natural sands with different mineralogical compositions and textures were presented. The samples ...

As the Arctic warms, vegetation is responding, and satellite measures indicate widespread greening at high latitudes. This ‘greening of the Arctic’ is among the world’s most important large-scale ecological responses to ...

Regionalization is a common approach for runoff prediction in the basin lacking observed discharge data (called ungauged basin). Regionalization is the process of borrowing information (e.g. the hydrological model parameters) ...

Abstract The northern Horda Platform and Stord Basin is a part of the multi-phase North Sea rift system. Crustal extension of the area have taken place since the Devonian, in several pulses of rift activity. This study ...

Structure-from-motion (SfM) photogrammetry enables the cost-effective digital characterisation of seismic- to sub-decimetre-scale geoscientific samples. The technique is commonly used for the characterisation of outcrops, ...

The origin of the more than 100 km wide Lycksele ring structure in Sweden has puzzled geoscientists for years. In this short note we present results from field analysis, detailed sampling and laboratory analysis executed ...

The dynamic control of reservoir water level during flood seasons (WLFS) allows a trade‐off between flood control and water resources conservation. In this process, the WLFS dynamic control boundaries are key parameters. ...

With a changing climate altering the composition of substances in freshwater the need for a frequent and cost-effective monitoring method have arisen. To solve this issue remote sensing using high resolution satellite ...

Iceland’s periglacial realm is one of the most dynamic on the planet, with active geomorphologicalprocesses and high weathering rates of young bedrock resulting in high sediment yields and ongoingmass movement. Permafrost ...

The P-Receiver functions(RFs) at 8 temporary seismic stations named KONO1 to KONO8, located in a 100x100 km region around Kongsberg (Norway) are analysed in this thesis. RFs use S converted waves arriving at the seismological ...

Accurate forecasts of very low temperatures in stable boundary layer (SBL) conditions in arctic areas remain a challenge in numerical weather prediction. These forecasts are of great importance both for local communities ...