Kongsfjorden, in the Spitsbergen, is 26 km long and surrounded with glaciers with different dynamic behavior. Mass balance of the entire glacierized area of Kongsfjord basin is +0.23 m w.e. a-1 over the period 1980-2016 ...

Abstract The origin of Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs) associated with continental breakup and the reconstruction of continents older than c. 320 million years (pre-Pangea) are contentious research problems. Here we study ...

With dense SAR satellite data time series it is possible to map surface and subsurface glacier properties that vary in time. On Sentinel-1A and RADARSAT-2 backscatter time series images over mainland Norway and Svalbard, ...

This PhD aims primarily to assess the long-term sealing capabilities of shaly seal rock units overlying potential adequate CO2 storage reservoirs. The motivation for the project has been that in order to reduce CO2 emissions ...

Stable water isotopes have become a key element in hydrological and atmospheric research topics. Hydrologists aim to close the water cycle, and the improvement of measurement techniques and models makes that they come ...

The water cycle and its extremes are heavily affected by human activities, such as reservoirs operations and water abstractions. The aim of this study was to evaluate impacts of human interventions (HI) on the water cycle ...

The PhD thesis is a collection of four articles that investigate the controls of syn- and post-kinematic faulting on reservoirs. Case studies from the Barents Shelf are presented (Svalbard and the Hammerfest Basin). Offshore ...

The study area is located north of Iceland in the Jan Mayen-East Greenland area, NE Atlantic. It has a number of magmatic productions. Magmatism in Iceland is related to a mantle plume bringing hot mantle up from deeper ...

Previous studies showed the importance to have information about the vertical distribution of precipitation to simulate snow and related cyclone development correctly in regional, mesoscale models. During Christmas 2016, ...

Den tektomagmatiske aktiviteten i Oslofeltet startet i slutten av karbon og endte muligens så sent som i trias. Tidspunktet for da den tektomagmatiske aktiviteten startet, er godt begrenset, både ved biostratigrafi og ved ...

Mobility of sand by fluidization, so-called sand tectonics, can drive surface movements and thereby have a significant impact on depositional environments. Deformation related to sand mobilization is a typical understudied ...

The goal of this thesis is to estimate the amount of extension and displacement across faults using geometrical constraints. The mapped area is dominated by middle Ordovician to lower Silurian sediments folded during the ...

Dynamical runout models are essential tools in landslide hazard and risk assessment, because they allow us to simulate the motion of past landslides and to predict the motion of future landslides. Runout distances obtained ...

Microscopic plant remains (spores and pollen) allow us to trace vegetation and detect environmental, especially climatic changes from deep time in the geological past. The Late Triassic (237-201 Ma) period is marked by an ...

Seismic signals are generally spread across many data samples of the recorded data. Applying a mathematical transformation to the data can however concentrate them on few samples only of the transform domain. Such ...

Fracture networks inside geological CO2 storage reservoirs can serve as primary fluid flow conduit, particularly in low-permeability formations. While some experiments focused on the geophysical properties of brine- and ...

CO2 sequestration in geological formations is a promising technology and a crucial measure to reduce CO2 emissions across the energy system. It is an essential part of the solution for mitigating climate change caused by ...

This study assesses changes in glacier area, velocity, and geodetic mass balance for the glaciers in the Manaslu region of Nepal, a previously undocumented region of the Himalayas. We studied changes between 1970 (for ...

Large amounts of methane are stored in continental margins as gas hydrates. They are stable under high pressure and low temperature, but react sensitively to environmental changes. Bottom water temperature and sea level ...

We used a finite element model to interpret anti-correlated pressure variations at the base of a glacier to demonstrate the importance of stress redistribution in the basal ice. We first investigated two pairs of load cells ...

The chemical composition of the continental crust cannot be adequately explained by current models for its formation, because it is too rich in Ni and Cr compared to that which can be generated by any of the proposed ...

This work presents a study on the interrelationship of burial diagenesis, depositional facies, the origin and distribution of diagenetic clay minerals, and diagenesis in sediment–sill sequences, as well as the thermal ...

This thesis explores the meteorology in an urban area during a winter period and how well a numerical model is able to represent it. The air quality in the cities is of large interest to the citizens and policymakers. ...

Sudden Stratospheric Warmings (SSW) affect the chemistry and dynamics of the middle atmosphere. Major warmings occur roughly every second winter in the Northern Hemisphere (NH), but has only been observed once in the ...

Air pollution from traffic is a major health problem in urban areas, and there is a great interest in modeling and measuring the dispersion of pollutants from near- ground sources. Due to the complex nature of the motions ...

Volcanoes are both threat to life and source of economic wealth, however little is known about the processes in the Earth’s crust leading to their origin. Laboratory models are used to shed light on the otherwise inaccessible ...

Rock salt creeps under shear at the low temperatures encountered close to the surface. Salt flow is problematic for any cavity, like caverns or wells, because of the time dependent closure it induces if the internal hole ...

The Mandawa Basin situated in south coastal Tanzania, has been a site for scientific research since the 1900s and a prospect for hydrocarbon exploration from the 1950s. The basin is located approximately 80 km west of the ...

Sedimentary rocks from the Grønsennknippa area, located in Vestre Slidre in Valdres, have been studied by field investigations, remote sensing and laboratory techniques. The tectonostratigraphic setting has been briefly ...

Debris flows and debris avalanches represent a large threat to society in Norway. The intensity and frequency of these events is expected to increase over the course of the next 50 years due to changing precipitation ...

Volcanism is a fundamental process on Earth. It is responsible for the formation of new crust, by adding hot magma to the surface where it solidifies. Ascending magma interacts with geological formations by adding heat, ...

In the last couple of years many Earth observation satellites with optical instruments have been set in space. These satellites generate an enormous amount of data and give us a image of different landforms on Earth. The ...

Coastally trapped rotational interfacial waves are studied theoretically by using a Lagrangian formulation of fluid motion in a rotating ocean. The waves propagate along the interface between two immiscible inviscid ...

Due to the multidisciplinary nature of landscape research, many different systems and methods for landscape identification and classification exist. This paper provides a systematic review of 54 contemporary landscape ...

I løpet av Jordas historie har det oppstått fem store masseutryddelser, hvor over 70 % av livet ble utryddet og det oppstod store klimatiske endringer. Fire av utryddelsene korrelerer i tid med store vulkanutbrudd, og det ...

Vulkansk aske i atmosfæren medfører en risiko for flytrafikk, såvel som helserisiko for samfunnet og kan påvirke klimaet. I denne avhandlingen er det undersøkt ulike typer aske, lokalisering, konsentrasjon, og spesielt ...

The cryosphere is defined as the areas of the Earth where water is found frozen. The notion of cryospheric processes relates to glaciers, ice caps, ice sheets, ice shelves, sea ice and permafrost. Cryospheric processes are ...

Seismic petro‐facies characterization in low net‐to‐gross reservoirs with poor reservoir properties such as the Snadd Formation in the Goliat field requires a multidisciplinary approach. This is especially important when ...

This study presents source and reservoir characterization of Jurassic rocks by conducting compaction study, petrophysical analysis and rock physics diagnostics on data from 18 exploration wells in the Central North Sea, ...

Extreme winter events that damage vegetation are considered an important climatic cause of arctic browning—a reversal of the greening trend of the region—and possibly reduce the carbon uptake of northern ecosystems. ...

Energetic electrons from the magnetosphere deposit their energy in the atmosphere and lead to production of nitric oxide (NO) in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. We study the atmospheric NO response to a geomagnetic ...

The threat of mass movements has always existed in Norway, but due to the climate change, an increase in mass movement events is expected. Today, there are over 150.000 people living in areas threatened by mass movements, ...

Rapid retreat of Greenland's marine-terminating glaciers coincides with regional warming trends, which have broadly been used to explain these rapid changes. However, outlet glaciers within similar climate regimes experience ...

The SW Barents Sea margin experienced a pulse of extensional deformation in the Middle–Late Devonian through the Carboniferous, after the Caledonian Orogeny terminated. These events marked the initial stages of formation ...

An eastward (releasing) bend in the Eocene dextral Barents Shear Margin gave rise to the formation of the Vestbakken Volcanic Province. The area has been affected by complex tectonics and both extensional and contractional ...

The county of Sogn og Fjordane in Western Norway has a climate and topography which makes it vulnerable for debris avalanches, debris flows, shallow slides and slush flows. The recently established landslide forecasting ...

Sulphide-bearing gneisses of southern Norway have been observed to leach acidic waters with ecotoxic levels of metals when exposed to air and moisture following excavation for road and infrastructure projects. Traditionally, ...

We know that lichen cover in polar and high altitude regions may change due to grazing or climate change. Some previous studies have found that removal of lichen reduces the albedo and potentially changes the temperature, ...

The Tørdal pegmatite field, located in the county of Telemark in southern Norway, is known for its enrichment in Sc as well as other rare metals. During the last decade, the interest for Sc has increased, due to its important ...

I denne studien blir en alternativ metode for landformsklassifikasjon basert på mønstergjenkjenning utforsket. Målet er å undersøke om en kan finne ulikheter, ved hjelp av denne metoden som kalles “geomorphons”, i ...

Recent studies show that the noise recorded by seismic sensors can be used to characterize the seismic structure in the area where the sensors are located. This is called ambient noise tomography. In this thesis, data from ...

Det norske jordbrukslandskapet er i konstant endring. Det er et politisk mål at dette landskapet skal være tilgjengelig for det norsk folk. Ved å kvantifisere tilgjengeligheten i landskapet til indikatorer, kan en måle ...

Precipitation patterns and rates change with global warming. These changes can be separately evaluated in fast and slow responses, the combination of the two are called apparent responses. The fast precipitation responses ...

Peatlands store substantial amounts of carbon and are vulnerable to climate change. We present a modified version of the Organising Carbon and Hydrology In Dynamic Ecosystems (ORCHIDEE) land surface model for simulating ...

The late Permian biotic crisis had a major impact on marine and terrestrial environments. Rising CO2 levels following Siberian Trap volcanic activity were likely responsible for expanding marine anoxia and elevated water ...

The global circulation driven solely by relaxation to an idealized surface temperature profile and to interior mixing is examined. Forcing by winds and evaporation/precipitation is excluded. The resulting circulation ...

For å bidra med å gjøre Norge universelt utformet (UU) har Statens Kartverk satt opp en nasjonal geodatabase som representerer status for tilgjengelighet. Databasen inneholder data om hvor godt veier og andre fasiliteter ...

Stylolites are ubiquitous geo-patterns observed in rocks in the upper crust, from geological reservoirs in sedimentary rocks to deformation zones, in folds, faults, and shear zones. These rough surfaces play a major role ...

The identification and measurement of ground deformations in urban areas is of great importance for determining the vulnerable parts of the cities that are prone to geohazards, which is a crucial element of both sustainable ...

Stylolites are planar features that form due to intergranular pressure solution. Due to their planar geometry and relative abundance in limestone reservoirs, their impact on regional fluid flow has attracted considerable ...

In the Earth's upper crust, where aqueous fluids can circulate freely, most mineral transformations are controlled by the coupling between the dissolution of a mineral that releases chemical species into the fluid and ...

We present an experimental method to study time-dependent, CO2-induced, local topography changes in mm-sized composite samples, plus results showing heterogeneous swelling of coal and shale on the nano- to micrometer scale. ...

The statistics and dynamics of fractures formed during the accelerated maturation of kerogen-rich shale was investigated by heating Green River Shale (R-8 unit, Piceance Basin, northwestern Colorado) core samples while 3D ...

In order to better understand the microtextural changes associated with serpentinization reactions, natural millimeter-sized olivine grains were experimentally reacted with alkaline NaOH and NaHCO3 solutions at a temperature ...

Tectonic plates subducting at trenches having strikes oblique to the absolute subducting plate motion undergo trench‐parallel slab motion through the mantle, recently defined as a form of “slab dragging.” We investigate ...

Rock failure under shear loading conditions controls earthquake and faulting phenomena. We study the dynamics of microscale damage precursory to shear faulting in a quartz‐monzonite rock representative of crystalline rocks ...

Hydration of a nominally dry rock can cause expansion of the solid volume, resulting in reaction‐induced fracturing and an associated increase in the porosity and permeability of the rock. We study the effect of confinement ...

In the Bergen Arc, western Norway, rocks exhumed from the lower crust record earthquakes that formed during the Caledonian collision. These earthquakes occurred at about 30–50 km depth under granulite or amphibolite facies ...

The structural and metamorphic evolution of the lower crust has direct effects on the lithospheric response to plate tectonic processes involved in orogeny, including subsidence of sedimentary basins, stability of deep ...

Flux towers provide important climatic information about surface exchange processes in the land-atmosphere system. At the Finse flux tower in alpine Norway, the inhomogeneous surface and hilly terrain influence the quality ...

Mud-rich prograding sediment lobes make for most of the Barremian – Albian stratigraphic record in the SW Barents Sea. Submarine canyons and channels potentially represent key components of sediment transport from shelf ...