Advances and retreats of mountain glaciers in Arctic and alpine areas are one of the most visible signs of climatic changes. Glaciers therefore play an important role as sensitive climate change indicators. Glacier products ...

Utsiktene til økt hyppighet av ekstremvær som følge av klimaendringer gjør at flom og flomskader har fått større oppmerksomhet de senere år. Disse utsiktene gjør at flom og flomhåndtering har fått en viktig plass i kommunalt ...

Albedo is a fundamental parameter in earth sciences, and many analyses utilize the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF)/albedo (MCD43) algorithms. ...

Våtsnøskred og sørpeskred er to naturfarer som utgjør fare for liv og har store samfunnsøkonomiske konsekvenser i Norge. Begge skredtypene utløses normalt på grunn av at vanninnholdet i snødekket øker, slik at snødekkets ...

Molecular tracers in secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) can provide information on origin of SOA, as well as regional scale processes involved in their formation. In this study 9 carboxylic acids, 11 organosulfates (OSs) ...

Our ability to decipher the mechanisms behind metamorphic transformation processes depends in a major way on the extent to which crystallographic and microstructural information is transferred from one stage to another. ...

This study presents the tectonic analysis of deformation structures in Slemmestad area. The study area lies in the southwest of Oslo. The analysis is conducted to better understand the fracture development and deformation ...

Gondwana was an enormous supertarrane. At its peak, it represented a landmass of about 100 × 106 km2 in size, corresponding to approximately 64% of all land areas today. Gondwana assembled in the Middle Cambrian, merged ...

Eutectic melting curves in the system MgO–SiO2 have been experimentally determined at lower mantle pressures using laser-heated diamond anvil cell (LH-DAC) techniques. We investigated eutectic melting of bridgmanite plus ...

In this thesis, the large-scale thermohaline circulation in the Late Permian was studied. A steady state circulation was obtained by running MITgcm with a 2 times 2 degrees spherical-polar grid, and solving the nonlinear ...

Ultramafic pseudotachylytes have been regarded as earthquake fossils formed at mantle depths (i.e., >30 km). Here we show that pseudotachylytes hosted by ultramafic rocks from three localities have distinct magnetic ...

The continuation of the Caledonides into the Barents Sea has long been a subject of discussion, and two major orientations of the Caledonian deformation fronts have been suggested: NNW-SSE striking and NE-SW striking. A ...

Dehydration of partly or completely serpentinized ultramafic rocks can increase the pore fluid pressure and induce brittle failure, a process referred to as dehydration embrittlement. However the extents of strain localization ...

Pockmarks are seafloor craters usually formed during methane release on continental margins. However, the mechanisms behind their formation and dynamics remain elusive. Here we report detailed investigations on one of the ...

Frost weathering is effective in arctic and subarctic climate zones where chemical reactions are limited by the reduced availability of liquid water and the prevailing low temperature. However, small scale mineral dissolution ...

Igneous intrusions in sedimentary basins exhibit a great diversity of shapes from thin sheets (e.g. sills, cone sheets), to massive intrusions (e.g. laccoliths, plugs). Presently, none of the established models of magma ...

With the present demand on fast and inexpensive aerosol source apportionment methods, the Aethalometer model was evaluated for a full seasonal cycle (June 2014–June 2015) at a rural atmospheric measurement station in ...

The genesis of the Amerasia Basin in the Arctic Ocean has been difficult to discern due to overprint of the Cretaceous High‐Arctic Large Igneous Province (HALIP). Based on detailed analysis of bathymetry data, new Arctic ...

The geoscience community is increasingly utilizing seismic tomography to interpret mantle heterogeneity and its links to past tectonic and geodynamic processes. To assess the robustness and distribution of positive seismic ...

Europe has warmed faster than the rest of the globe during the last decades, especially when considering trends for each season separately. In addition to warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions, the atmospheric circulation ...

Marine cloud brightening through sea spray injection has been proposed as a climate engineering method for avoiding the most severe consequences of global warming. A limitation of most of the previous modelling studies on ...

Old images are a valuable source of information in Geosciences. They provide information on the state of an object or phenomenon at a given time. Datasets of the past are produced according to old data standards optimized ...

Organic geochemical analyses of rocks, oils, condensates and gas can be used to infer the diversity of petroleum compositions. This has implication for the understanding of petroleum systems and can provide useful data for ...

We have developed a method for suppressing coherent noise from seismic data by using the morphological differences between the noise and the signal. This method consists of three steps: First, we applied a dictionary ...

The thesis quantifies the peak ground acceleration (PGA) required to cause large rock avalanches in the western rangefront of the Southern Alps in New Zealand, which will improve understanding of the hazard posed by ...

This study describes the distribution and stratigraphic range of the Upper Palaeozoic–Mesozoic succession in the NE Atlantic region, and is correlated between conjugate margins and along the axis of the NE Atlantic rift ...

This paper considers the lithospheric structure and evolution of the wider Barents–Kara Sea region based on the compilation and integration of geophysical and geological data. Regional transects are constructed at both ...

Rifted margins mark a transition from continents to oceans and contain in their architecture a record of their rift history. Recent investigations of rift architecture have suggested that multiphase deformation of the crust ...

We perform an integrated analysis of magnetic anomalies, multichannel seismic and wide-angle seismic data across an Early Cretaceous continental large igneous province in the northern Barents Sea region. Our data show that ...

A suite of oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs – acetaldehyde, acetone, propanal, butanal and butanone) were measured concurrently in the surface water and atmosphere of the South China Sea and Sulu Sea in November ...

The climate active trace-gas carbonyl sulfide (OCS) is the most abundant sulfur gas in the atmosphere. A missing source in its atmospheric budget is currently suggested, resulting from an upward revision of the vegetation ...

Mud volcanism, or sedimentary volcanism, represents one of the most intriguing phenomena of the Earth's crust, with important implications in energy resource exploration, seismicity, geo-hazard and atmospheric budget of ...

Continental rifting is often associated with voluminous magmatism and perturbations in the Earth's climate. In this study, we use 2D seismic data from the northeast Greenland margin to document two Paleogene-aged sill ...

The Peräpohja belt comprises a greenschist to amphibolite facies; multiply-folded supracrustal sequence of quartzites; mafic volcanics; carbonate rocks; black shales; mica schists and greywackes deposited from ca. 2.44 Ga ...

This paper presents an improved understanding of coupled hydro-thermo-mechanical (HTM) hydraulic fracturing of quasi-brittle rock using the bonded particle model (BPM) within the discrete element method (DEM). BPM has been ...

Fastmerker etableres for å oppnå et stabilt punkt med så lav punktdeformasjon som mulig. Så langt det er mulig velges også områder med faste, stabile masser for plassering av fastmerker. Av flere årsaker kan det likevel ...

Vent structures are intimately associated with sill intrusions in sedimentary basins globally and are thought to have been formed contemporaneously due to overpressure generated by gas generation during thermogenic breakdown ...

Radioactive caesium pollution resulting from Fukushima Dai-ichi and Chernobyl nuclear plant accidents involves strong interactions between Cs+ and clays, especially vermiculite-type minerals. In acidic soil environments, ...

We present a revised tectonostratigraphy of the Jan Mayen microcontinent (JMMC) and its southern extent, with the focus on its relationship to the Greenland–Iceland–Faroe Ridge area and the Faroe–Iceland Fracture Zone. The ...

The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) system on board the Terra (EOS AM-1) satellite has been a source of stereoscopic images covering the whole globe at 15-m resolution with consistent ...

The emplacement of igneous intrusions into sedimentary basins mechanically deforms the host rocks and causes hydrocarbon maturation. Existing models of host-rock deformation are investigated using high-quality 3D seismic ...

High Mountain Asia hosts the largest glacier concentration outside the polar regions. These glaciers are important contributors to streamflow in one of the most populated areas of the world. Past studies have used methods ...

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The ellipticity of the Rayleigh wave at the surface depends on the seismic structure beneath and in the vicinity of the seismological station where it is measured. We derive here the expression and compute the 3-D kernels ...

We present a new water percolation routine added to the one-dimensional snowpack model Crocus as an alternative to the empirical bucket routine. This routine solves the Richards equation, which describes flow of water ...

The analysis of surface deformation associated with intruding magma has become an established method to study subsurface processes and intrusion architecture. Active subsurface magmatism induces deformation that is commonly ...

Continental breakup between northwest Europe and Greenland (approximately 56 Ma) was associated with widespread magmatism. Silica undersaturated alkaline porphyritic igneous rocks of a similar age have previously been ...

The common-reflection-surface (CRS) method offers a stack with higher signal-to-noise ratio at the cost of a time-consuming semblance search to obtain the stacking parameters. We have developed a fast method for extracting ...

The mid-Norwegian margin is regarded as an example of a volcanic-rifted margin, formed prior to and during, Paleogene breakup of the northeast Atlantic. The area is characterized by the presence of voluminous basaltic ...

Fractures and faults riddle the Earth’s crust on all scales, and the deformation associated with them is presumed to have had significant effects on its petrological and structural evolution. However, despite the abundance ...

In 2015 large parts of Europe were affected by drought. In this paper, we analyze the hydrological footprint (dynamic development over space and time) of the drought of 2015 in terms of both severity (magnitude) and spatial ...

The Stø Formation is the most important reservoir interval in the Norwegian Barents Sea, however the reservoir quality can be highly affected by the detrimental effects of quartz cement where there have been extensive post ...

The Early Eocene continental break-up between the NE Greenland and the mid-Norwegian–SW Barents Sea margins was associated with voluminous magmatism and led to the emplacement of massive volcanic complexes including wedges ...

The emplacement of large intrusive complexes into sedimentary basins can have profound effects on host sedimentary rocks including deformation, thermal aureole metamorphic reactions, alteration of fluid-flow pathways, and ...

Voluminous igneous complexes are commonly present in sedimentary basins on volcanic rifted margins, and they represent a challenge for petroleum explorationists. A 2500 km2 industry-standard 3D seismic cube has recently ...

At two trench segments below the Andes, the Nazca Plate is subducting sub-horizontally over ∼200–300 km, thought to result from a combination of buoyant oceanic-plateau subduction and hydrodynamic mantle-wedge suction. ...

Airborne electromagnetics (AEM) is a geophysical investigation method used to make resistivity models of the subsurface, for ground investigations related to various types of projects. It was originally developed as an ...

Halogenated very short-lived substances (VSLS) are naturally produced in the ocean and emitted to the atmosphere. When transported to the stratosphere, these compounds can have a significant influence on the ozone layer ...

The upper tail of a flood frequency distribution is always specifically concerned with flood control. However, different model selection criteria often give different optimal distributions when the focus is on the upper ...

Accurate representation of black carbon (BC) concentrations in climate models is a key prerequisite for understanding its net climate impact. BC aging and scavenging are treated very differently in current models. Here, ...

It is important that climate models can accurately simulate the terrestrial carbon cycle in the Arctic due to the large and potentially labile carbon stocks found in permafrost-affected environments, which can lead to a ...

We study the local seismicity in East Java around the Arjuno-Welirang volcanic complex that is connected via the Watukosek Fault System, to the spectacular Lusi eruption site. Lusi is a sediment-hosted hydrothermal system ...

The transport of fluids through the Earth’s crust controls the redistribution of elements to form mineral and hydrocarbon deposits, the release and sequestration of greenhouse gases, and facilitates metamorphic reactions ...

Knowledge of the ice thickness distribution of glaciers and ice caps is an important prerequisite for many glaciological and hydrological investigations. A wealth of approaches has recently been presented for inferring ice ...

A mosaic approach to represent subgrid snow variation in a coupled atmosphere–land surface model (WRF–Noah) is introduced and tested. Solid precipitation is scaled in 10 subgrid tiles based on precalculated snow distributions, ...

The spectacular eruption of Lusi began in NE Java, Indonesia, on 29 May 2006 and is still ongoing. Since its birth, Lusi has presented a pulsating activity marked by frequent eruptions of gas, water, mud and clasts. The ...

In consideration of the strong atmospheric warming that has been observed since the 1990s in polar regions there is a need to quantify mass loss of Arctic ice caps and glaciers and their contribution to sea level rise. In ...

Permafrost is a sensitive element of the cryosphere, but operational monitoring of the ground thermal conditions on large spatial scales is still lacking. Here, we demonstrate a remote-sensing-based scheme that is capable ...

The Norwegian national landslide early warning system (LEWS), operational since 2013, is managed by the Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate and was designed for monitoring and forecasting the hydrometeorological ...

Snow cover is one of the crucial factors influencing the plant distribution in harsh Arctic regions. In tundra environments, wind redistribution of snow leads to a very heterogeneous spatial distribution which influences ...

A rare gemstone form of “ekanite” from Okkampitiya, eastern Sri Lanka, has a chemical composition of Ca2Th0.9U0.1Si8O20, corresponding to that of the tetragonal mineral ekanite. The Okkampitiya material, however, has ...

Earth’s spin axis follows the maximum moment of inertia axis of mantle convection, with some delay due to adjustment of the rotational bulge. Here we compute this axis for geodynamic models based on subduction history, ...

Understanding of long-term dynamics of glaciers and ice caps is vital to assess their recent and future changes, yet few long-term reconstructions using ice flow models exist. Here we present simulations of the maritime ...

Background: The Eocene was the warmest epoch of the Cenozoic and recorded the appearance of several orders of modern mammals, including the first occurrence of Euprimates. During the Eocene, Euprimates were mainly represented ...

Studies for the prevention and mitigation of floods require information on discharge and extent of inundation, commonly unavailable or uncertain, especially during extreme events. This study was initiated by the devastating ...

Estimating the long-term mass balance of the high-Arctic Svalbard archipelago is difficult due to the incomplete geodetic and direct glaciological measurements, both in space and time. To close these gaps, we use a coupled ...

The basal topography is largely unknown beneath most glaciers and ice caps, and many attempts have been made to estimate a thickness field from other more accessible information at the surface. Here, we present a two-step ...

This study examines the impacts of emissions from aviation in six source regions on global and regional temperatures. We consider the NOx-induced impacts on ozone and methane, aerosols and contrail-cirrus formation and ...

We present three-dimensional numerical models to investigate the dynamics of continental collision, and in particular what happens to the subducted continental lithosphere after oceanic slab break-off. We find that in some ...

The Lusi mud eruption in East Java, Indonesia, has continued unabated for more than ten years with no end in sight. This review summarizes what has been learned about this intriguing system, from its inception to the current ...

Palsas and peat plateaus are permafrost landforms occurring in subarctic mires which constitute sensitive ecosystems with strong significance for vegetation, wildlife, hydrology and carbon cycle. Firstly, we have systematically ...

The Karakoram mountain range is well known for its numerous surge-type glaciers of which several have recently surged or are still doing so. Analysis of multi-temporal satellite images and digital elevation models have ...

The lost momentum in spatially damped internal Kelvin waves reappears as Eulerian mean currents through the action of the nonlinear wave-wave interaction terms. A novel expression is derived for the steady balance between ...

The Stokes drift in long baroclinic equatorial Rossby waves is investigated theoretically by using eigenfunction expansions in the vertical. These waves are non-dispersive and propagate westward along the equator. Particular ...

The Grande da Pipa River (GPR) basin (Portugal) has natural conditions that favor the occurrence of landslides. The hydrological year 2009/10 was characterized by high amounts of rainfall, which led to the occurrence of ...

Many geodynamo models predict an inverse relationship between geomagnetic reversal frequency and field strength. However, most of the absolute paleointensity data, obtained predominantly by the Thellier method from bulk ...

Using field surveys in 2013, 2014, and 2016 plus satellite data from the 1999–2015 period, we analyze the seasonal drainage cycle of supraglacial lakes on seven debris-covered glaciers in the central Tien Shan. We characterize ...