This manuscript extends the definition of the Absolute Standardized Mean Difference (ASMD) for binary exposure (M = 2) to cases for M > 2 on multiple imputed data sets. The Maximal Maximized Standardized Difference (MMSD) ...

In the statistical literature, the class of survival analysis models known as cure models has received much attention in recent years. Cure models seem not, however, to be part of the statistical toolbox of perinatal ...

Purpose It remains unknown to what degree thyroid hormone replacement therapy (THRT) during and initiation after pregnancy determines pregnancy outcomes. The present study primarily aimed to quantify the impact of THRT ...

Importance The reproductive safety of benzodiazepine/z-hypnotic exposure on child longer-term developmental risks remains unresolved. Objective To quantify the association of motor, communication, and attention-defi ...

Objectives To examine risk perception, beliefs about migraine medications and medical adherence among pregnant and breastfeeding women with migraine. Design and setting Cross-sectional study conducted in Norway from ...

In recent years there has been increased attention to child neurodevelopment in studies on medication safety in pregnancy. Neurodevelopment is a multifactorial outcome that can be assessed by various assessors, using ...

Pharmacoepidemiological studies on the safety of medication during pregnancy are all susceptible to missing data (ie, data that should have been recorded but for some reason were not). Missing data are ubiquitous, irrespective ...

Background Maternal antidepressant use in pregnancy has been associated with both shorter gestational length and child anxiety. We employed paternal antidepressant use as a negative-control exposure to indirectly assess ...

Objective: Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) affects 0.3–3% of pregnant women and is a leading cause of hospitalization in early pregnancy. The aim of the study was to investigate women’s treatment and management of HG, as well ...

Importance: The reproductive safety of benzodiazepine/z-hypnotic exposure on child longer-term developmental risks remains unresolved. Objective: To quantify the association of motor, communication, and attention-defi ...

Background: During pregnancy, women might weigh the benefits of treatment against potential risks to the unborn child. However, non-adherence to necessary treatment can adversely affect both mother and child. To optimize ...

Background: Community pharmacists are available to counsel women in early pregnancy, but no studies have assessed the feasibility of such a service. Objective: To test the feasibility of a pharmacist consultation in early ...

Importance: Hypothyroidism during pregnancy is associated with neurodevelopmental delays in the offspring. However, it remains unknown whether prenatal thyroid hormone replacement therapy (THRT) has benefits regarding ...

Background Recent studies have suggested an association between prenatal paracetamol exposure and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in children. However, these findings may be confounded by unmeasured factors related ...

Many women experience anxiety or sleep disorders during pregnancy and require pharmacological treatment with benzodiazepines (BZDs) or z-hypnotics. Limited information is currently available on how prenatal exposure to ...

Background Little is known about patients’ Perceived Sensitivity to Medicines (PSM), “the belief that one is especially sensitive to the actions and side effects of medicines”. Objective (i) To explore the extent of and ...

Background Triptans are commonly used to treat migraine headaches, but data on the long‐term safety of these medications during pregnancy are sparse. Triptans have a biologically plausible mechanism for effects on the ...

Purpose: This study aimed at exploring the prevalence of self-reported antenatal and postnatal depressive symptoms by severity across multiple countries and the association between antidepressant treatment in pregnancy and ...

Background: Children commonly refuse to take antibiotics, which may induce parents to request new antibiotic prescriptions with different pharmaceutical characteristics. Objectives: To investigate prescription changes ...

The growing evidence on psychotropic drug safety in pregnancy has been possible thanks to the increasing availability of real-world data, i.e. data not collected in conventional randomised controlled trials. Use of these ...

Purpose: A reliable definition of exposure and knowledge about long-term medication patterns is important for drug safety studies during pregnancy. Few studies have investigated these measures for thyroid hormone replacement ...

PurposeFather's medication use is of interest in fertility studies and as negative control exposures in pregnancy medication safety studies. We sought to compare self-report to prescription records to understand how reliably ...

This study explored the impact of women’s personality on drinking and smoking habits before and during pregnancy, using a multinational perspective. Data on maternal personality traits, background information, and alcohol ...

Purpose: To describe the risk of early- and late-onset preeclampsia across pregnancies exposed to antidepressants and to evaluate the impact of timing and length of gestational exposure to antidepressants, particularly ...

Objective: To estimate associations of progestin-only contraceptives with persistent pelvic girdle pain 18 months after delivery. Methods Prospective population based cohort study during the years 2003–2011. We included ...

Purpose of Review: Administrative claims databases, which collect reimbursement-related information generated from healthcare encounters, are increasingly used to evaluate medication safety in pregnancy. We reviewed the ...

Background and objective: A comparison of sick leave in pregnancy between countries is difficult as most studies have been conducted in single countries in Scandinavia. The objective of this study was to explore patterns ...

Understanding the safety of medication use during pregnancy relies on observational studies: However, confounding in observational studies poses a threat to the validity of estimates obtained from observational data. Newer ...

Purpose: To investigate the ability of the propensity score (PS) to reduce confounding bias in the presence of nondifferential misclassification of treatment, using simulations. Methods: Using an example from the pregnancy ...

Objective This study sought to determine whether changes in neurodevelopmental outcomes between 18 and 36 months of age were associated with prenatal exposure to triptan medications, a class of 5-HT receptor agonists used ...

Objectives Three studies so far have investigated the effect of prenatal non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) exposure on birth weight and gestational age. The aim in this study was to evaluate the association of ...

Objective To determine pregnant women and new mothers’ perception of risks in pregnancy. Design, settings and participants This was a large-scale multinational survey including 9113 pregnant women and new mothers from 18 ...

Introduction Little is known about medication use among women with eating disorders in relation to pregnancy. Aims To explore patterns of and associations between use of psychotropic, gastrointestinal and analgesic ...

This article summarizes the results of several of our studies on medication safety in pregnancy based on the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Medications investigated include antidepressants, NSAIDs, codeine, ...

Background: Some women continue smoking during pregnancy despite the extensive information available on the dangers smoking poses to their fetus. This study aimed to examine the prevalence and determinants of smoking before ...

Objectives: Intercountry comparability between studies on medication use in pregnancy is difficult due to dissimilarities in study design and methodology. This study aimed to examine patterns and factors associated with ...