Livelong immunosuppressive treatment is needed after renal transplantation. Tacrolimus has been the cornerstone in most transplant centers. Its narrow therapeutic window and large inter- and intra-individual variability ...

Bakgrunn: Etter en nyretransplantasjon er immunsupprimerende behandling helt nødvendig, og mykofenolatmofetil (MMF) inngår som en del av behandlingen og doseres morgen og kveld. Mykofenolat (MPA) glukuronideres til ...

Extracellular vesicles are small round bodies secreted from the membranes of most living cells, including bacteria. The bacterial vesicles contain many of the same components as the mother bacteria and play numerous roles ...

Paper-based sample collection has gained increased attention during the past few decades for its simplicity and applicability to a wide range of matrices and analytes. Particularly for sampling of blood. Compared to ...

Inonotus obliquus (Chaga) is a strange-looking fungus growing on birch trees in the Northern Hemisphere. Chaga is perhaps best known for its use in traditional medicine, where the fungus is used as an herbal tea against ...

Background In order to change antibiotic prescribing behaviour, we need to understand the prescribing process. The aim of this study was to identify targets for antibiotic stewardship interventions in ...

This manuscript extends the definition of the Absolute Standardized Mean Difference (ASMD) for binary exposure (M = 2) to cases for M > 2 on multiple imputed data sets. The Maximal Maximized Standardized Difference (MMSD) ...

While a lot is known about classical, anterograde neurotransmission, less is known about the mechanisms and molecules involved in retrograde neurotransmission. Our hypothesis is that N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG), the ...

After transplantation patients receive individualized immunosuppressive treatment based on drug concentrations to hinder rejection of the transplant. This thesis aimed to develop and apply alternative methods of measuring ...

Hensikt: Fremstille bioadhesive liposomer med innkapslet glyserol for fukting av slimhinnene i munnhulen. Metode: Liposomer med ulike lipidsammensetninger ble tillaget ved to like metoder og med to nøytrale polymerer hvor ...

Elektromembranekstraksjon (EME) har siden den første publiserte artikkelen i 2006, vist seg å være en effektiv prøveopparbeidelsesmetode til ekstraksjon av blant annet sure og basiske legemidler, hvor det foreligger flest ...

Background and aims We have previously found increased levels of the cysteine protease legumain in plasma and plaques from patients with carotid atherosclerosis. This study further investigated legumain during acute ...

Background Low educational attainment in parents is associated with child psychopathology. It is not clear whether the associations are due to risk factors that family members share or due to effects of maternal or ...

Preterm neonates require parenteral nutrition (PN) in addition to intravenous drug therapy. Due to limited venous access, drugs are often co-administered with PN via the same lumen. If incompatible, precipitation and ...

While there is an abundance of commercial and standardized automated systems and software for performing the prepulse inhibition (PPI) assay in rodents, to the best of our knowledge, all PPI assays performed in the zebrafish ...

Hensikt: Hensikten med denne studien var å kartlegge oppfølgingen av anbefalte legemiddelintervensjoner etter legemiddelgjennomgang i sykehus når pasienten var tilbake i kommunehelsetjenesten, herunder hvilke legemiddelrelaterte ...

Innledning: Studier har vist at bare 50 prosent av kronisk syke pasienter etterlever legemiddelbehandlingen. I følge WHO sin modell for etterlevelse påvirkes etterlevelse av fem faktorer: pasientrelaterte, sosioøkonomiske, ...

Paracetamol er førstevalget ved behov for smertestillende og/eller febernedsettende effekt hos gravide. Legemiddelet har vært brukt i 70 år og har vært ansett som trygt å bruke under svangerskap. Nyere epidemiologiske ...

Background Non-prescription purchase of antibiotics is undesirable and has not recently been investigated in a representative population in a high-income low-use country during travel abroad. This study examined ...

Cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (CDK8) plays a vital role in regulating cell transcription either through its association with the mediator complex or by the phosphorylation of transcription factors. CDK8-mediated activation of ...

Background Exposure to anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) in dogs is among the most common causes of poisoning in small animal practice, but information about toxicokinetic of these rodenticides in dogs is lacking. We ...

The past decade of PPARγ research has dramatically improved our understanding of the structural and mechanistic bases for the diverging physiological effects of different classes of PPARγ ligands. The discoveries that lie ...

Background: Many drugs with dose-dependent effects on hemodynamic variables are metabolized by cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6). The aim of this study was to compare prescribed dosages and hemodynamic responses of such drugs ...

Diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGAT) 1 and 2 catalyse the final step in triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis, the esterification of fatty acyl-CoA to diacylglycerol. Despite catalysing the same reaction and being present in ...

Hensikt Hensikten med denne studien var å kartlegge antibiotikabruk hos pasienter i sykehus med samfunnservervet pneumoni eller KOLS eksaserbasjon, samt å undersøke hvorvidt gjeldende retningslinje for behandling følges. ...

Background Multidose drug dispensing (MDD) is an adherence aid that provides patients with machine-dispensed medicines in disposable unit bags, usually for a 14 day period. Previous studies have suggested that the quality ...

Bakgrunn: Overvekt, fedme og diabetes mellitus type 2 er et voksende problem i det globale perspektiv. Økt fettvevsmasse er sterkt assosiert med utvikling av insulinresistens og diabetes mellitus type 2. I mus er ...

Bakgrunn: Etter nyretransplantasjon trenger pasienten livslang immunsuppressiv behandling. Mykofenolatmofetil (MMF) er i dag en del av standardbehandlingen. MMF er et prodrug som omdannes til den aktive metabolitten ...

Mucosal drug delivery accounts for various administration routes (i.e., oral, vaginal, ocular, pulmonary, etc.) and offers a vast surface for the permeation of drugs. However, the mucus layer which shields and lubricates ...

Background The cysteine protease legumain is increased in patients with atherosclerosis, but its causal role in atherogenesis and cardiovascular disease is still unclear. The aim of the study was to investigate the ...

Osteoporose er en sykdom i skjelettet hvor nedbrytningen av bein går raskere enn nydannelsen. De viktigste cellene som inngår i beinhomeostasen er osteoklaster som bryter ned bein og osteoblaster som bygger opp bein. ...

Electromembrane extraction (EME) is a principle for sample preparation, evolved from the principle of liquid-liquid extraction. In EME an electrical field facilitates the extraction of target analytes from an aqueous sample, ...

The thermal and oxidative degradation behavior and the corrosiveness of imidazole (Im), 2-methylimidazole (2MIm), 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole (2E4MIm), 2,4,5-trimethylimidazole (2,4,5MIm), and 1,2,4,5-tetramethylimidazole ...

Purpose It remains unknown to what degree thyroid hormone replacement therapy (THRT) during and initiation after pregnancy determines pregnancy outcomes. The present study primarily aimed to quantify the impact of THRT ...

Millions of people suffer from stroke every year, being a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The current pharmacological and endovascular therapies in stroke aim to restore cerebral blood flow, but are not ...

Background: Differences in DNA methylation have been reported in B and T lymphocyte populations, including CD4+ T cells, isolated from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients when compared to healthy controls. CD4+ T cells are ...

Sammendrag Bakgrunn: Hovedhensikten med denne studien var å utføre en litteraturstudie for å undersøke om plantene fra de plantebaserte legemidlene som er markedsført i Norge har kjent innhold av stoffer som står på ...

Exposure of wildlife and domestic animals to anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) is a worldwide concern, but few methods exist to determine residue levels in live animals. Traditional liver detection methods preclude determining ...

Innledning: Helsekompetanse beskriver personers evne til å ta kunnskapsbaserte beslutninger om egen helse. Når pasienter skrives ut fra sykehus pålegges de et ansvar å mestre egen sykdom og legemiddelinformasjonen må derfor ...

In vitro derived simplified 3D representations of human organs or organ functionalities are predicted to play a major role in disease modeling, drug development, and personalized medicine, as they complement traditional ...

Objective To examine whether severe mental illnesses (i.e., schizophrenia or bipolar disorder) affected diagnostic testing and treatment for cardiovascular diseases in primary and specialized health care. Methods We ...

Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) are tailor-made polymers with high affinity for a specific target. They can be used for selective sample preparation prior to liquid chromatography mass spectrometry determination of ...

Sleep and depression are interlinked throughout the lifespan, but very few studies have examined the directionality of the sleep–depression link in children. The aim of the current study was to prospectively examine the ...

Psykofarmaka omfatter antipsykotika, antidepressiva, anxiolytika (angstdempende legemidler), sedativa (beroligende legemidler) og hypnotika (sovemidler). Det er vanskelig å vurdere effekt av psykofarmaka, og behandlingen ...

The focus of this thesis has been to develop a total synthesis of benzo-RvD1n-3 DPA, which is an analog of the specialized pro-resolving lipid mediator (SPM) named RvD1n-3 DPA. The synthetic methods towards the α-fragment ...

Bakgrunn: Klozapin er det mest effektive legemiddelet for behandling av schizofreni, men er samtidig assosiert med alvorlig bivirkningsrisiko. Hos pasienter med bipolare tilleggssymptomer, såkalt schizoaffektiv lidelse, ...

This study aims to investigate the variation of the 3D printers Ultimaker 3 and ZMorph VX by printing 80 cylindrical products from the same model on different positions on the build plate and comparing the diameter, height ...

In this thesis, it has been shown that the management of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the immigrant women in Norway and the native Emirati women in the United Arab Emirates was largely suboptimal in terms of lifestyle ...

Kritisk syke nyfødte og prematurt fødte spedbarn innlagt på nyfødtintensivavdeling trenger ofte kontinuerlig tilførsel av total parenteral næring (TPN) og mange legemidler. De fleste legemidlene må gis intravenøst, og på ...

Bakgrunn: Økende antibiotikaresistens er i dag en velkjent utfordring og en alvorlig trussel for global helse. Forekomsten av antibiotikaresistens er foreløpig relativt lavt i Norge, men for å unngå økning har de norske ...

Bakgrunn: Apotekfarmasøytene bidrar til riktig legemiddelbruk i befolkningen og er siste skanse før pasienten mottar legemidlene sine. Før utlevering av legemidlene utføres farmasøytkontroll der det kan avdekkes feil eller ...

Background The disease burden attributable to mental health problems and to excess or harmful alcohol use is considerable. Despite a strong relationship between these 2 important factors in population health, there are ...

In the statistical literature, the class of survival analysis models known as cure models has received much attention in recent years. Cure models seem not, however, to be part of the statistical toolbox of perinatal ...

Medlemmer av Bacillus cereus-gruppen (B. cereus sensu lato) er Gram-positive, stavformede, aerobe eller fakultativt anaerobe, sporedannende bakterier med en vid utbredelse i det naturlige miljøet. Alle etablerte arter i ...

We investigated whether children born preterm are at risk for language delay using a sibling-control design in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), conducted by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. ...

Introduction There is an increasing demand for accurately measured glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Iohexol serum clearance has become a new gold standard, but it is challenging when GFR is low and 24-hour sampling is ...

The CACNA1A gene encodes the pore-forming α1 subunit of voltage-gated P/Q type Ca2+ channels (Cav2.1). Mutations in this gene, among others, have been described in patients and rodents suffering from absence seizures and ...

We have previously demonstrated that heroin's first metabolite, 6‐acetylmorphine (6‐AM), is an important mediator of heroin's acute effects. However, the significance of 6‐AM to the rewarding properties of heroin still ...

There is a growing concern related to the use of opioid maintenance treatment during pregnancy. Studies in both humans and animals have reported reduced cognitive functioning in offspring prenatally exposed to methadone ...

Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative pathogens are a critical public health threat and there is an urgent need for new treatments. Carbapenemases (β-lactamases able to inactivate carbapenems) have been identified in both ...

Tablets containing prescribed doses are not always available, and this is of particular importance in paediatric care where suitable age-appropriate formulations are generally lacking. To obtain a child-adjusted dose, ...

The synthesis, cytotoxicity and inhibition of CDK8 by thirteen analogs of cortistatin A are reported. These efforts revealed that the analogs with either a 6- or 7-isoquinoline or 5-indole side chain in the 17-position are ...

The effect of polymer concentration on the temperature-induced self-association of a block copolymer comprising a poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) block and a random copolymer block consisting of 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline and ...

Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) have previously shown antibacterial properties alone or in combination with photosensitizers and light. In this study, we investigated the behavior of the structural protein collagen ...

Hensikt: Hensikten med denne studien var å kartlegge behandlings- og forskrivningstrender av fluorokinoloner ved Sykehuset Namsos, og videre kartlegge om valg av fluorokinoloner er i tråd med Nasjonal faglig retningslinje ...

Background The use of HbA1c ≥6.5% for diagnosis of diabetes has been challenged for post-transplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM) also known as new onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT) due to a low ...

Puwainaphycins (PUWs) and minutissamides (MINs) are structurally analogous cyclic lipopeptides possessing cytotoxic activity. Both types of compound exhibit high structural variability, particularly in the fatty acid (FA) ...

Systemic administration of drugs is ineffective in the treatment of central nervous system disorders because of the blood-brain barrier. Nasal administration has been suggested as an alternative administration route as ...

Importance The reproductive safety of benzodiazepine/z-hypnotic exposure on child longer-term developmental risks remains unresolved. Objective To quantify the association of motor, communication, and attention-defi ...

Climate change is the biggest challenge facing humanity today. The associated global warming and humidification, increases in the severity and frequency of extreme climate events, extension of the ranges of vector‐borne ...

Sammendrag Bakgrunn: Antibiotikaresistens er et globalt problem i dag og settes på linje med for eksempel klimaendringsproblemet. Høyt forbruk av antibiotika (inkludert mye feilbruk) både til dyr og mennesker, den omfattende ...

An experimental/computational approach has been successfully applied in order to study the effect of solubilizing vehicles (cyclodextrins and liposomes) on the passive diffusion of four active pharmaceutical ingredients ...