Paper-based sample collection has gained increased attention during the past few decades for its simplicity and applicability to a wide range of matrices and analytes. Particularly for sampling of blood. Compared to ...

Extracellular vesicles are small round bodies secreted from the membranes of most living cells, including bacteria. The bacterial vesicles contain many of the same components as the mother bacteria and play numerous roles ...

In vitro derived simplified 3D representations of human organs or organ functionalities are predicted to play a major role in disease modeling, drug development, and personalized medicine, as they complement traditional ...

Electromembrane extraction (EME) is a principle for sample preparation, evolved from the principle of liquid-liquid extraction. In EME an electrical field facilitates the extraction of target analytes from an aqueous sample, ...

After transplantation patients receive individualized immunosuppressive treatment based on drug concentrations to hinder rejection of the transplant. This thesis aimed to develop and apply alternative methods of measuring ...

While a lot is known about classical, anterograde neurotransmission, less is known about the mechanisms and molecules involved in retrograde neurotransmission. Our hypothesis is that N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG), the ...

Hensikt: Fremstille bioadhesive liposomer med innkapslet glyserol for fukting av slimhinnene i munnhulen. Metode: Liposomer med ulike lipidsammensetninger ble tillaget ved to like metoder og med to nøytrale polymerer hvor ...

Purpose It remains unknown to what degree thyroid hormone replacement therapy (THRT) during and initiation after pregnancy determines pregnancy outcomes. The present study primarily aimed to quantify the impact of THRT ...

Diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGAT) 1 and 2 catalyse the final step in triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis, the esterification of fatty acyl-CoA to diacylglycerol. Despite catalysing the same reaction and being present in ...

The thermal and oxidative degradation behavior and the corrosiveness of imidazole (Im), 2-methylimidazole (2MIm), 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole (2E4MIm), 2,4,5-trimethylimidazole (2,4,5MIm), and 1,2,4,5-tetramethylimidazole ...

Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) are tailor-made polymers with high affinity for a specific target. They can be used for selective sample preparation prior to liquid chromatography mass spectrometry determination of ...

In this thesis, it has been shown that the management of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the immigrant women in Norway and the native Emirati women in the United Arab Emirates was largely suboptimal in terms of lifestyle ...

We have previously demonstrated that heroin's first metabolite, 6‐acetylmorphine (6‐AM), is an important mediator of heroin's acute effects. However, the significance of 6‐AM to the rewarding properties of heroin still ...

The CACNA1A gene encodes the pore-forming α1 subunit of voltage-gated P/Q type Ca2+ channels (Cav2.1). Mutations in this gene, among others, have been described in patients and rodents suffering from absence seizures and ...

Introduction There is an increasing demand for accurately measured glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Iohexol serum clearance has become a new gold standard, but it is challenging when GFR is low and 24-hour sampling is ...

We investigated whether children born preterm are at risk for language delay using a sibling-control design in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), conducted by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. ...

Background The disease burden attributable to mental health problems and to excess or harmful alcohol use is considerable. Despite a strong relationship between these 2 important factors in population health, there are ...

Background Exposure to anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) in dogs is among the most common causes of poisoning in small animal practice, but information about toxicokinetic of these rodenticides in dogs is lacking. We ...

Hensikt: Hensikten med denne studien var å kartlegge oppfølgingen av anbefalte legemiddelintervensjoner etter legemiddelgjennomgang i sykehus når pasienten var tilbake i kommunehelsetjenesten, herunder hvilke legemiddelrelaterte ...

Background Non-prescription purchase of antibiotics is undesirable and has not recently been investigated in a representative population in a high-income low-use country during travel abroad. This study examined ...

Hensikt: Hensikten med denne studien var å kartlegge behandlings- og forskrivningstrender av fluorokinoloner ved Sykehuset Namsos, og videre kartlegge om valg av fluorokinoloner er i tråd med Nasjonal faglig retningslinje ...

Puwainaphycins (PUWs) and minutissamides (MINs) are structurally analogous cyclic lipopeptides possessing cytotoxic activity. Both types of compound exhibit high structural variability, particularly in the fatty acid (FA) ...

Importance The reproductive safety of benzodiazepine/z-hypnotic exposure on child longer-term developmental risks remains unresolved. Objective To quantify the association of motor, communication, and attention-defi ...

Background: During pregnancy, women might weigh the benefits of treatment against potential risks to the unborn child. However, non-adherence to necessary treatment can adversely affect both mother and child. To optimize ...

Systemic administration of drugs is ineffective in the treatment of central nervous system disorders because of the blood-brain barrier. Nasal administration has been suggested as an alternative administration route as ...

Sammendrag Bakgrunn: Antibiotikaresistens er et globalt problem i dag og settes på linje med for eksempel klimaendringsproblemet. Høyt forbruk av antibiotika (inkludert mye feilbruk) både til dyr og mennesker, den omfattende ...

Background The use of HbA1c ≥6.5% for diagnosis of diabetes has been challenged for post-transplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM) also known as new onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT) due to a low ...

Climate change is the biggest challenge facing humanity today. The associated global warming and humidification, increases in the severity and frequency of extreme climate events, extension of the ranges of vector‐borne ...

The aim of this work was to clarify the dynamics behind the influence of ionic strength on the changes in drug release from large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs). For this purpose, we have investigated the transport of two ...

Background Knowledge of risk factors for drug-related hospitalizations (DRHs) is limited. Aim To examine the prevalence of DRHs and the relationships between DRHs and various variables in multimorbid patients admitted ...

An experimental/computational approach has been successfully applied in order to study the effect of solubilizing vehicles (cyclodextrins and liposomes) on the passive diffusion of four active pharmaceutical ingredients ...

Background Kidney transplantation is considered to be the treatment of choice for people with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, due to the shortage of available organs and the increase in the ESRD ...

Objectives To examine risk perception, beliefs about migraine medications and medical adherence among pregnant and breastfeeding women with migraine. Design and setting Cross-sectional study conducted in Norway from ...

Tomat (Solanum lycopersicum L.) er en stor bærfrukt som har opprinnelse i Sør-Amerika. Tomatplanten ble innført til Europa på 1500-tallet og bruken av tomat som mat, er i dag verdensomspennende. I denne oppgave ble struktur- ...

For centuries, infectious diseases had a huge toll on the global mortality and morbidity rates. Antibiotics emergence was fundamental for the process of controlling, preventing and fighting infectious diseases, regardless ...

Legemiddelassistert rehabilitering (LAR) er en behandling som tilbys pasienter med heroinavhengighet. Behandlingen ble tilgjengelig i Norge på 1990-tallet, og består i å erstatte heroin med et langtidsvirkende opioid. ...

I dette arbeidet har det blitt utviklet en thiol-ene basert mikrochip for elektromembranekstraksjon (EME) koblet direkte til kapillærelektroforese (CE) og UV-deteksjon. EME-chipen har potensial for framtidige analyser ...

In recent years there has been increased attention to child neurodevelopment in studies on medication safety in pregnancy. Neurodevelopment is a multifactorial outcome that can be assessed by various assessors, using ...

Background: Community pharmacists are available to counsel women in early pregnancy, but no studies have assessed the feasibility of such a service. Objective: To test the feasibility of a pharmacist consultation in early ...

Background Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is commonly used in epigenome-wide association studies of prenatal exposures. Accounting for cell type composition is critical in such studies as it reduces confounding ...

Background Termination of acute inflammation is an active process orchestrated by lipid mediators (LM) derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids, referred to as specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM). These mediators ...

Objectives. Estimate the effect of atorvastatin on muscular symptom intensity in coronary patients with subjective statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS) and to determine the association with blood levels of atorvastatin ...

Purpose The purpose of the study is to identify and explore risk factors of serious adverse drug events (SADE) and SADE-related admissions in acutely hospitalized multimorbid older adults and assess whether these could ...

Anatomical changes in the gastrointestinal tract and subsequent weight loss may influence drug disposition and thus drug dosing following bariatric surgery. This review systematically examines the effects of bariatric ...

Background Antibiotic resistance is a global health threat. Public knowledge is considered a prerequisite for appropriate use of antibiotics and limited spread of antibiotic resistance. Our aim was to examine ...

Bakgrunn: Humane skjelettmuskelceller i kultur dyrkes fra satellittceller isolert fra muskelbiopsier. I hvilken grad type muskel in vivo betyr noe for fenotype av muskelceller in vitro har tidligere vært lite studert. ...

A pivotal matter to aquaculture is the sourcing of sustainable resources as ingredients to aquafeeds. Levels of plant delivered oils as source of fatty acids (FA) in aquafeeds have reached around 70% resulting in reduced ...

Hypothyroidism is a thyroid dysfunction defined by inadequate production of thyroid hormones. This dysfunction is common (3%) in pregnant women and women of reproductive age. When the condition occurs during pregnancy, the ...

Background The prevalence of obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus is increased among patients with severe mental disorders, and particularly use of second generation antipsychotic drugs is associated ...

In this study, self-assembling Soluplus® micelles were examined for inherent properties. Through calorimetric analysis, the critical micelle concentration (CMC) could be determined at 25 and 37 °C, and the influence of ...

The synthesis of a hitherto unknown fatty acid analog presented in this thesis is based on the initial synthesis of two main fragments, termed the α- and the ω-fragment, respectively. The analog is then to be assembled by ...

Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are treated with renal replacement therapy (RRT), which consist of either dialysis or renal transplantation. Pharmacological therapy is essential for these patients, but can be ...

Importance: The reproductive safety of benzodiazepine/z-hypnotic exposure on child longer-term developmental risks remains unresolved. Objective: To quantify the association of motor, communication, and attention-defi ...

Heroin is one of the most addictive drugs of abuse, but heroin itself is considered an inactive prodrug which acts mainly through its metabolites. The work of this doctoral thesis highlights the role of heroin’s first ...

Bakgrunn Samfunnservervet pneumoni (CAP) er en infeksjon i de nedre luftveiene, ervervet utenfor sykehus eller annen helseinstitusjon, eller innenfor 48 timer etter sykehusinnleggelse. CAP rammer ca. 1 % av den vestlige ...

INTRODUKSJON: Kronisk obstruktiv lungesykdom (kols) er en alvorlig sykdom forbundet med mange symptomer. Inhalasjonspreparater er førstevalget i behandling av kols. Det er svært viktig med korrekt inhalasjonsteknikk for å ...

Sammendrag Bakgrunn: Innføring av e-resept i 2011 har bidratt til en effektiv samhandling mellom pasient, behandlere og apotek. Imidlertid har det blitt identifisert et økende antall doble og uaktuelle resepter i den ...

In this study, gellan gum (GG), a natural polysaccharide, was used to fabricate spherical porous beads suitable as sustained drug delivery systems for oral administration. GG was cross-linked with calcium ions to prepare ...

Objectives To describe and compare antibiotic use in relation to indications, doses, adherence rate to guidelines and rates of broad-spectrum antibiotics (BSA) in two different paediatric departments with different academic ...

There is extensive interindividual variability in drug response and tolerability. One of the major reasons for this is differences in drug metabolism, which may reflect pharmacogenetic variability and/or environmental ...

In this thesis, focus was on further developing EME and PALME as bioanalytical sample preparation techniques. EME and PALME differ in the fundamental principles for extraction, and they may therefore be advantageous for ...

Objectives: When caring for children in a hospital setting, tablets are often manipulated at the ward to obtain the right dose. One example is manipulation of tablets containing the slightly water-soluble substance aspirin, ...

Maternal fever during pregnancy is associated with several adverse child outcomes. We investigated associations between maternal fever and ADHD among offspring, as well as the sub-dimensions of ADHD - inattention and ...

Institusjoner i spesialhelsetjenesten har plikt til å melde om feil og avvik etter spesialhelsetjenesteloven paragraf 3-3. Meldinger om feil og avvik i spesialhelsetjenesten skal rapporteres til Meldeordningen. Meldeordningen ...

N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptors (NMDAR) are widely expressed in the brain. GluN2B subunit‐containing NMDARs has recently attracted significant attention as potential pharmacological targets, with emphasis on the functional ...

Background Adherence to phosphate binder treatment is important to prevent high serum phosphate level in chronic dialysis patients. We therefore wanted to investigate patient knowledge, beliefs about and ...

Bakgrunn: SafeStart er et forskningsprosjekt med hensikt å undersøke om en farmasøytsamtale tidlig i svangerskapet gir økt livskvalitet til gravide. Det er ikke tidligere kjent hvilke erfaringer farmasøyter har med å holde ...

Objective: Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) affects 0.3–3% of pregnant women and is a leading cause of hospitalization in early pregnancy. The aim of the study was to investigate women’s treatment and management of HG, as well ...

Bakgrunn: Pankreaskreft er en svært dødelig kreftform med få behandlingsalternativer. De senere årene er endret metabolisme blitt regnet som en karakteristisk egenskap hos kreftceller. I denne oppgaven ble metabolske ...

HENSIKT: Serotonintransportøren (SERT) er kodet av SLC6A4-genet. De mest karakteriserte genetiske variasjonene i promotorregionen til SLC6A4 er 5-HTTLPR (‘serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphic region’) og ...

Stroke is the second leading cause of disability and the third leading cause of death globally. In Norway, there are 11 000 new cases of stroke each year, and 80-85 % of these cases are caused by cerebral artery blood clots ...

Osteoporose er en progressiv skjelettsykdom som er karakterisert ved lav beintetthet og økt risiko for brudd. Sykdommen forekommer fire ganger hyppigere hos kvinner enn hos menn. Det er velkjent at bortfall av østrogen ...

Type 2 diabetes is a known risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and is associated with an increased risk to develop aortic heart valve degeneration. Nevertheless, molecular mechanisms leading to the pathogenesis of valve ...