Extracellular vesicles are small round bodies secreted from the membranes of most living cells, including bacteria. The bacterial vesicles contain many of the same components as the mother bacteria and play numerous roles ...

Paper-based sample collection has gained increased attention during the past few decades for its simplicity and applicability to a wide range of matrices and analytes. Particularly for sampling of blood. Compared to ...

In this thesis, it has been shown that the management of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the immigrant women in Norway and the native Emirati women in the United Arab Emirates was largely suboptimal in terms of lifestyle ...

Hensikt: Hensikten med denne studien var å kartlegge behandlings- og forskrivningstrender av fluorokinoloner ved Sykehuset Namsos, og videre kartlegge om valg av fluorokinoloner er i tråd med Nasjonal faglig retningslinje ...

Background The use of HbA1c ≥6.5% for diagnosis of diabetes has been challenged for post-transplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM) also known as new onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT) due to a low ...

Sammendrag Bakgrunn: Antibiotikaresistens er et globalt problem i dag og settes på linje med for eksempel klimaendringsproblemet. Høyt forbruk av antibiotika (inkludert mye feilbruk) både til dyr og mennesker, den omfattende ...

Importance The reproductive safety of benzodiazepine/z-hypnotic exposure on child longer-term developmental risks remains unresolved. Objective To quantify the association of motor, communication, and attention-defi ...

Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are treated with renal replacement therapy (RRT), which consist of either dialysis or renal transplantation. Pharmacological therapy is essential for these patients, but can be ...

Sammendrag Bakgrunn: Innføring av e-resept i 2011 har bidratt til en effektiv samhandling mellom pasient, behandlere og apotek. Imidlertid har det blitt identifisert et økende antall doble og uaktuelle resepter i den ...

Heroin is one of the most addictive drugs of abuse, but heroin itself is considered an inactive prodrug which acts mainly through its metabolites. The work of this doctoral thesis highlights the role of heroin’s first ...

In this study, gellan gum (GG), a natural polysaccharide, was used to fabricate spherical porous beads suitable as sustained drug delivery systems for oral administration. GG was cross-linked with calcium ions to prepare ...

The synthesis of a hitherto unknown fatty acid analog presented in this thesis is based on the initial synthesis of two main fragments, termed the α- and the ω-fragment, respectively. The analog is then to be assembled by ...

In this study, self-assembling Soluplus® micelles were examined for inherent properties. Through calorimetric analysis, the critical micelle concentration (CMC) could be determined at 25 and 37 °C, and the influence of ...

In recent years there has been increased attention to child neurodevelopment in studies on medication safety in pregnancy. Neurodevelopment is a multifactorial outcome that can be assessed by various assessors, using ...

Hypothyroidism is a thyroid dysfunction defined by inadequate production of thyroid hormones. This dysfunction is common (3%) in pregnant women and women of reproductive age. When the condition occurs during pregnancy, the ...

Background The prevalence of obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus is increased among patients with severe mental disorders, and particularly use of second generation antipsychotic drugs is associated ...

Anatomical changes in the gastrointestinal tract and subsequent weight loss may influence drug disposition and thus drug dosing following bariatric surgery. This review systematically examines the effects of bariatric ...

Background Antibiotic resistance is a global health threat. Public knowledge is considered a prerequisite for appropriate use of antibiotics and limited spread of antibiotic resistance. Our aim was to examine ...

A pivotal matter to aquaculture is the sourcing of sustainable resources as ingredients to aquafeeds. Levels of plant delivered oils as source of fatty acids (FA) in aquafeeds have reached around 70% resulting in reduced ...

Bakgrunn: Humane skjelettmuskelceller i kultur dyrkes fra satellittceller isolert fra muskelbiopsier. I hvilken grad type muskel in vivo betyr noe for fenotype av muskelceller in vitro har tidligere vært lite studert. ...

Bakgrunn: SafeStart er et forskningsprosjekt med hensikt å undersøke om en farmasøytsamtale tidlig i svangerskapet gir økt livskvalitet til gravide. Det er ikke tidligere kjent hvilke erfaringer farmasøyter har med å holde ...

The tyrosine kinase receptor c-Met is seen upregulated in several types of cancers and is associated with metastasis and a poor prognosis of the disease. In general for cancer drugs there is seen a development of resistance ...

Medicinal plants form the basis of traditional medicine health systems and play an important role in meeting primary healthcare needs around the world. At the same time, traditional knowledge on medicinal plants is eroding ...

The prevalence of metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) has increased dramatically worldwide the last decades. Lifestyle factors such as diet and physical activity have preventive as well as therapeutic ...

Osteoporose er en progressiv skjelettsykdom som er karakterisert ved lav beintetthet og økt risiko for brudd. Sykdommen forekommer fire ganger hyppigere hos kvinner enn hos menn. Det er velkjent at bortfall av østrogen ...

The cysteine protease legumain is reported to be involved in the pathologies of several inflammatory conditions. The subcellular localization of legumain is thought to be mainly lysosomal. However, translocation to other ...

Bare et lite stopp i blodtilførsel til hjernen, for eksempel ved iskemisk hjerneslag, kan føre til celledød og nevrologiske skader. Laktat er vist å ha nevroprotektive effekter som beskytter nevroner mot iskemi. Under ...

Bakgrunn: Pankreaskreft er en svært dødelig kreftform med få behandlingsalternativer. De senere årene er endret metabolisme blitt regnet som en karakteristisk egenskap hos kreftceller. I denne oppgaven ble metabolske ...

Objectives To describe and compare antibiotic use in relation to indications, doses, adherence rate to guidelines and rates of broad-spectrum antibiotics (BSA) in two different paediatric departments with different academic ...

Bakgrunn: Det er stor individuell variasjon i serumkonsentrasjon av escitalopram, det mest brukte antidepressive legemidlet i Norge. Escitalopram metaboliseres via de genetiske polymorfe enzymene CYP2C19 (primærenzym) og ...

Objectives: When caring for children in a hospital setting, tablets are often manipulated at the ward to obtain the right dose. One example is manipulation of tablets containing the slightly water-soluble substance aspirin, ...

HENSIKT: Serotonintransportøren (SERT) er kodet av SLC6A4-genet. De mest karakteriserte genetiske variasjonene i promotorregionen til SLC6A4 er 5-HTTLPR (‘serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphic region’) og ...

Antimikrobiell resistens er en av de største helseutfordringene vi står ovenfor, og kan medføre at banale og alvorlige infeksjonssykdommer ikke lenger responderer på antimikrobielle midler som tidligere har gitt effekt. ...

Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive form for cancer with good treatment options, but often detected in a late stage. Pro-gastrin releasing peptide (ProGRP) is one of the biomarkers for SCLC and has traditionally ...

Stroke is the second leading cause of disability and the third leading cause of death globally. In Norway, there are 11 000 new cases of stroke each year, and 80-85 % of these cases are caused by cerebral artery blood clots ...

Institusjoner i spesialhelsetjenesten har plikt til å melde om feil og avvik etter spesialhelsetjenesteloven paragraf 3-3. Meldinger om feil og avvik i spesialhelsetjenesten skal rapporteres til Meldeordningen. Meldeordningen ...

Maternal fever during pregnancy is associated with several adverse child outcomes. We investigated associations between maternal fever and ADHD among offspring, as well as the sub-dimensions of ADHD - inattention and ...

N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptors (NMDAR) are widely expressed in the brain. GluN2B subunit‐containing NMDARs has recently attracted significant attention as potential pharmacological targets, with emphasis on the functional ...

Bakgrunn Samfunnservervet pneumoni (CAP) er en infeksjon i de nedre luftveiene, ervervet utenfor sykehus eller annen helseinstitusjon, eller innenfor 48 timer etter sykehusinnleggelse. CAP rammer ca. 1 % av den vestlige ...

INTRODUKSJON: Kronisk obstruktiv lungesykdom (kols) er en alvorlig sykdom forbundet med mange symptomer. Inhalasjonspreparater er førstevalget i behandling av kols. Det er svært viktig med korrekt inhalasjonsteknikk for å ...

Objective: Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) affects 0.3–3% of pregnant women and is a leading cause of hospitalization in early pregnancy. The aim of the study was to investigate women’s treatment and management of HG, as well ...

There is extensive interindividual variability in drug response and tolerability. One of the major reasons for this is differences in drug metabolism, which may reflect pharmacogenetic variability and/or environmental ...

In this thesis, focus was on further developing EME and PALME as bioanalytical sample preparation techniques. EME and PALME differ in the fundamental principles for extraction, and they may therefore be advantageous for ...

Background Adherence to phosphate binder treatment is important to prevent high serum phosphate level in chronic dialysis patients. We therefore wanted to investigate patient knowledge, beliefs about and ...

Type 2 diabetes is a known risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and is associated with an increased risk to develop aortic heart valve degeneration. Nevertheless, molecular mechanisms leading to the pathogenesis of valve ...

Background Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is commonly used in epigenome-wide association studies of prenatal exposures. Accounting for cell type composition is critical in such studies as it reduces confounding ...

The peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) are important drug targets in treatment of metabolic and inflammatory disorders. Fibrates, acting as PPARα agonists, have been widely used lipid-lowering agents for ...

Objectives To identify factors associated with QOL in carers of persons with young-onset Alzheimer’s (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and explore development in QOL over a two-year period. Methods Eighty-eight ...

Background Termination of acute inflammation is an active process orchestrated by lipid mediators (LM) derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids, referred to as specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM). These mediators ...

Data-independent acquisition (DIA) is a powerful mass spectrometric technique to perform both protein identification and quantification of complex protein samples. Setting up DIA methods on Orbitrap analyzers requires a ...

The NMDA-receptor is a central part of the machinery that enables us to learn, form memories and develop a normal brain. It is expressed all over the central nervous system and is responsible for signalling between nerve ...

Objective To examine whether individuals with schizophrenia (SCZ) or bipolar disorder (BD) had equal likelihood of not being diagnosed with cardiovascular disease (CVD) prior to cardiovascular death, compared to individuals ...

Fatty acid oxidation is a central fueling pathway for mitochondrial ATP production. Regulation occurs through multiple nutrient- and energy-sensitive molecular mechanisms. We explored if upregulated mRNA expression of the ...

Background Knowledge of risk factors for drug-related hospitalizations (DRHs) is limited. Aim To examine the prevalence of DRHs and the relationships between DRHs and various variables in multimorbid patients admitted ...

Legemiddelassistert rehabilitering (LAR) er en behandling som tilbys pasienter med heroinavhengighet. Behandlingen ble tilgjengelig i Norge på 1990-tallet, og består i å erstatte heroin med et langtidsvirkende opioid. ...

I dette arbeidet har det blitt utviklet en thiol-ene basert mikrochip for elektromembranekstraksjon (EME) koblet direkte til kapillærelektroforese (CE) og UV-deteksjon. EME-chipen har potensial for framtidige analyser ...

Tomat (Solanum lycopersicum L.) er en stor bærfrukt som har opprinnelse i Sør-Amerika. Tomatplanten ble innført til Europa på 1500-tallet og bruken av tomat som mat, er i dag verdensomspennende. I denne oppgave ble struktur- ...

For centuries, infectious diseases had a huge toll on the global mortality and morbidity rates. Antibiotics emergence was fundamental for the process of controlling, preventing and fighting infectious diseases, regardless ...

Background Kidney transplantation is considered to be the treatment of choice for people with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, due to the shortage of available organs and the increase in the ESRD ...

Objectives To examine risk perception, beliefs about migraine medications and medical adherence among pregnant and breastfeeding women with migraine. Design and setting Cross-sectional study conducted in Norway from ...

While snus has been the focus of increasing public health interest, twin studies have examined neither sources of individual variation for its use nor the sources of resemblance between snus and cigarette use. Twins from ...

Background Propofol and remifentanil often need to be co-administered via the same intravenous catheter line, which predisposes to potential compatibility issues. Our aim was to determine and compare the emulsion stability ...

Background and Objectives: Even though nightlife studies with potentially intoxicated participants provide the much needed information on drug use, they face additional methodological challenges. This study aimed to explore ...

Bakgrunn og hensikt: Kunnskap om reseptfrie smertestillende er en forutsetning for effektiv og trygg egenbehandling med disse legemidlene. Legemiddelkunnskapen i den norske befolkningen er hittil lite belyst. Hensikten med ...

Introduksjon. Apotekansatte i publikumsavdelingen på et sykehusapotek har ulike oppgaver, er ofte avbrutt i jobben og nødt til å utføre flere oppgaver samtidig. I Norge er det utført kun en systematisert studie som har ...

Objective In national drug policies of many countries, ensuring availability and affordability of essential medicines is indicated among the major policy objectives. To achieve the objectives, countries ...

Introduction Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (GBP) is associated with changes in cardiometabolic risk factors and bioavailability of drugs, but whether these changes are induced by calorie restriction, the weight loss or surgery ...

Ethnopharmacological relevance: More than 15,000 angiosperm species are dioecious, i.e., having distinct male and female individual plants. The allocation of resources between male and female plants is different, and also ...