Background Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is commonly used in epigenome-wide association studies of prenatal exposures. Accounting for cell type composition is critical in such studies as it reduces confounding ...

Bakgrunn: Pankreaskreft er en svært dødelig kreftform med få behandlingsalternativer. De senere årene er endret metabolisme blitt regnet som en karakteristisk egenskap hos kreftceller. I denne oppgaven ble metabolske ...

Type 2 diabetes is a known risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and is associated with an increased risk to develop aortic heart valve degeneration. Nevertheless, molecular mechanisms leading to the pathogenesis of valve ...

The peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) are important drug targets in treatment of metabolic and inflammatory disorders. Fibrates, acting as PPARα agonists, have been widely used lipid-lowering agents for ...

Sammendrag Bakgrunn: Antibiotikaresistens er et globalt problem i dag og settes på linje med for eksempel klimaendringsproblemet. Høyt forbruk av antibiotika (inkludert mye feilbruk) både til dyr og mennesker, den omfattende ...

Often referred to as “the master gland”, the pituitary is a key organ controlling growth, maturation, and homeostasis in vertebrates. The anterior pituitary, which contains several hormone-producing cell types, is highly ...

Background Recent studies have suggested an association between prenatal paracetamol exposure and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in children. However, these findings may be confounded by unmeasured factors related ...

Many women experience anxiety or sleep disorders during pregnancy and require pharmacological treatment with benzodiazepines (BZDs) or z-hypnotics. Limited information is currently available on how prenatal exposure to ...

Background and aims Intranasal (i.n.) naloxone is an established treatment for opioid overdose. Anyone likely to witness an overdose should have access to the antidote. We aimed to determine whether an i.n. formulation ...

Albatrellus ovinus, the sheep polypore, is a large, dense mushroom being rich in cell wall material. Polysaccharides were isolated by sequential extraction, enzymatic treatment and analyzed with respect to monosaccharide ...

Background and aims Hazardous drinking (i.e. alcohol consumption that places drinkers at risk for adverse health outcomes) during pregnancy is associated with adverse child outcomes. To address whether the associations ...

Data-independent acquisition (DIA) is a powerful mass spectrometric technique to perform both protein identification and quantification of complex protein samples. Setting up DIA methods on Orbitrap analyzers requires a ...

The clearance of damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria by selective autophagy (mitophagy) is important for cellular homeostasis and prevention of disease. Our understanding of the mitochondrial signals that trigger their ...

Importance: Hypothyroidism during pregnancy is associated with neurodevelopmental delays in the offspring. However, it remains unknown whether prenatal thyroid hormone replacement therapy (THRT) has benefits regarding ...

The NMDA-receptor is a central part of the machinery that enables us to learn, form memories and develop a normal brain. It is expressed all over the central nervous system and is responsible for signalling between nerve ...

Purpose The purpose of the study is to identify and explore risk factors of serious adverse drug events (SADE) and SADE-related admissions in acutely hospitalized multimorbid older adults and assess whether these could ...

Previous studies have shown that chronic hyperglycemia impairs glucose and fatty acid oxidation in cultured human myotubes. To further study the hyperglycemia-induced suppression of oxidation, lactate oxidation, mitochondrial ...

Rationale Matrix‐assisted ionization (MAI) is a relatively new ionization technique for analysis by mass spectrometry (MS). The technique is simple and has been shown to be less influenced by matrix effects than e.g. ...

Surveillance of unintended effects of pharmaceuticals (pharmacovigilance or drug safety) is crucial, as knowledge of rare or late side effects is limited at the time of the introduction of new medications into the market. ...

Background Little is known about patients’ Perceived Sensitivity to Medicines (PSM), “the belief that one is especially sensitive to the actions and side effects of medicines”. Objective (i) To explore the extent of and ...

Based on the cabozantinib scaffold, novel c‐Met inhibitors were rationalized from the limited knowledge of structure‐activity relationships for the quinoline 6‐position. Emphasis was given to modifications capable of ...

A fatty acid analogue, 2-(tridec-12-yn-1-ylthio)acetic acid (1-triple TTA), was previously shown to have hypolipidemic effects in rats by targeting mitochondrial activity predominantly in liver. This study aimed to determine ...

From a patient-centric perspective, oromucosal drug delivery is highly attractive due to the ease of administration without the need of swallowing, and improved patient safety. The aim of the presented work was to prepare ...

OBJECTIVE Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have lately become the recommended treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular risk. Patients with posttransplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) ...

Fatty acid oxidation is a central fueling pathway for mitochondrial ATP production. Regulation occurs through multiple nutrient- and energy-sensitive molecular mechanisms. We explored if upregulated mRNA expression of the ...

Cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) signalling affects several cellular processes in Bacillus cereus group bacteria including biofilm formation and motility, and CdgF was previously identified as a diguanylate cyclase promoting ...

Recently, several different classes of endogenous lipids have been reported that display antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Due to their minute presence in human samples, access to synthetic material of each ...

Immunocapture in mass spectrometry based targeted protein analysis using a bottom-up workflow is nowadays mainly performed by target protein extraction using anti-protein antibodies followed by tryptic digestion. Already ...

Collagen is the major fibrillar component and protein in both human and animal connective tissue. It is applied in medical preparations, e.g. wound dressings and tissue engineering. Meat and poultry production industries ...

Background Maternal antidepressant use in pregnancy has been associated with both shorter gestational length and child anxiety. We employed paternal antidepressant use as a negative-control exposure to indirectly assess ...

While snus has been the focus of increasing public health interest, twin studies have examined neither sources of individual variation for its use nor the sources of resemblance between snus and cigarette use. Twins from ...

Formation of bacterial biofilms is a risk with many in situ medical devices. Biofilm-forming Bacillus species are associated with potentially life-threatening catheter-related blood stream infections in immunocompromised ...

Background Propofol and remifentanil often need to be co-administered via the same intravenous catheter line, which predisposes to potential compatibility issues. Our aim was to determine and compare the emulsion stability ...

Objective To examine whether individuals with schizophrenia (SCZ) or bipolar disorder (BD) had equal likelihood of not being diagnosed with cardiovascular disease (CVD) prior to cardiovascular death, compared to individuals ...

Pharmacoepidemiological studies on the safety of medication during pregnancy are all susceptible to missing data (ie, data that should have been recorded but for some reason were not). Missing data are ubiquitous, irrespective ...

Introduction Right ventricular (RV) myocardial dysfunction is a common feature in septic shock. It can worsen outcome, but the etiology is poorly understood. Pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) plays a part in the ...

The extracellular biofilm matrix often contains a network of amyloid fibers which, in the human opportunistic pathogen Bacillus cereus , includes the two homologous proteins TasA and CalY. We show here, in the closely ...

Bakgrunn og hensikt: Kunnskap om reseptfrie smertestillende er en forutsetning for effektiv og trygg egenbehandling med disse legemidlene. Legemiddelkunnskapen i den norske befolkningen er hittil lite belyst. Hensikten med ...

Background Short‐term survival after kidney transplantation is excellent, but long‐term survival remains low and is equivalent to non‐end‐stage renal disease patients with many invasive malignancies. The aim of the study ...

Introduksjon. Apotekansatte i publikumsavdelingen på et sykehusapotek har ulike oppgaver, er ofte avbrutt i jobben og nødt til å utføre flere oppgaver samtidig. I Norge er det utført kun en systematisert studie som har ...

Background Although maternal depressive symptoms are robustly associated with offspring early-life psychopathology symptoms, it is not clear which potential mechanisms are at play. We aimed to estimate the relative ...

Extracellular vesicles secreted by Gram-negative bacteria have proven to be important in bacterial defense, communication and host-pathogen relationships. They resemble smaller versions of the bacterial mother cell, with ...

Background and Objectives: Even though nightlife studies with potentially intoxicated participants provide the much needed information on drug use, they face additional methodological challenges. This study aimed to explore ...

Bakgrunn: Vi vet lite om den norske befolkningen sin kunnskap om reseptfrie smertestillende og antibiotika. Manglende kunnskap om legemiddelgruppene kan føre til feilbruk. For reseptfrie smertestillende kan det føre til ...

Overvekt og fedme som følge av overdreven ektopisk lagring av fett i metabolske vev utgjør en risiko for helseskade. Dette er assosiert med kronisk lav-grads fettvevsinflammasjon som er knyttet til utviklingen av ulike ...

Bakgrunn og hensikt: Per i dag mangler vi kunnskap om effekt av intervensjonssamtaler for gravide utført av farmasøyter. Hensikten med første del var å utføre et litteratursøk for å identifisere faktorer som har positiv ...

The work presented in this thesis employed knowledge in medicinal chemistry to discover new compounds aiming to reduce resistance in infections caused by virulent Gram-negative bacteria, resistant to antibiotics. The general ...

Objective In national drug policies of many countries, ensuring availability and affordability of essential medicines is indicated among the major policy objectives. To achieve the objectives, countries ...

Introduction Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (GBP) is associated with changes in cardiometabolic risk factors and bioavailability of drugs, but whether these changes are induced by calorie restriction, the weight loss or surgery ...

Ethnopharmacological relevance: More than 15,000 angiosperm species are dioecious, i.e., having distinct male and female individual plants. The allocation of resources between male and female plants is different, and also ...

Background This project aims to study the use of antibiotics in three clinical wards in the largest tertiary teaching hospital in Ethiopia for a period of 1 year. The specific aims were to assess the ...

Innledning: Pasienters rett til informasjon er hjemlet i pasientopplysningsloven. Fra offentlige rapporter og spørreundersøkelser vet vi imidlertid at pasienter får for lite informasjon om bl.a legemidlene og behandlingen ...

Introduction: Drug-related problems (DRPs) are common in the elderly, leading to suboptimal therapy, hospitalisations and increased mortality. The integrated medicines management (IMM) model is a multifactorial interdisciplinary ...

Hensikt: Formålet med denne studien er å undersøke i hvilken grad kritisk syke pasienter som ligger på en intensiv avdeling får en adekvat piperacillin-behandling basert på behandlingsmål i relevante studier. Samtidig vil ...

Mange ondartede krefttyper har vist seg å være relativt resistente mot forskjellige typer ikke-kirurgiske terapier. Derfor er det et stort behov for utvikling av nye metoder for behandling av kreft, inkludert ovariekreft. ...

The results presented in this thesis describe the investigation of Piscirickettsia salmonis derived membrane vesicles (MVs) as a vaccine candidate against salmonid rickettsial septicemia. MVs are small spherical structures ...

For å forenkle gjennomføringen av elektromembranekstraksjoner (EME) ble bruk av en nyutviklet 96-brønnsplate i stål undersøkt. Denne fungerte både som prøvereservoar og som anode. Fem hydrofobe basiske modellanalytter ...

Datasets comprising twins and their children can be a useful tool for understanding the nature of intergenerational associations between parent and offspring phenotypes. In the present article we explore structural equation ...

The family of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) are known for their regulation of vascularization. In the brain, VEGFs are important regulators of angiogenesis, neuroprotection and neurogenesis. Dysregulation of ...

Purpose: This study aimed at exploring the prevalence of self-reported antenatal and postnatal depressive symptoms by severity across multiple countries and the association between antidepressant treatment in pregnancy and ...

Hensikt: Hensikten med denne studien var å undersøke om en farmasøyt med spesifikt fokus på antibiotikabruk kunne bidra til riktigere bruk av antibiotika i sykehus. På pasientnivå ved at antibiotikafarmasøyt identifiserer ...

Background: Children commonly refuse to take antibiotics, which may induce parents to request new antibiotic prescriptions with different pharmaceutical characteristics. Objectives: To investigate prescription changes ...

Innledning og hensikt: Omtrent 1,1 millioner menn er diagnostisert med prostatakreft verden over. Dersom sykdommen oppdages tidlig kan den kureres, men ved funn av metastaser er sykdommen uhelbredelig. Prostatakreftceller ...

Until recently, pancreas transplantation has mostly been performed with exocrine drainage via duodenojejunostomy (DJ). Since 2012, DJ was substituted with duodenoduodenostomy (DD) in our hospital, allowing endoscopic access ...

Background: This article summarizes the European Renal Association – European Dialysis and Transplant Association (ERA-EDTA) Registry’s 2015 Annual Report. It describes the epidemiology of renal replacement therapy (RRT) ...

Sammendrag Introduksjon - ADHD er en hyppig psykiatrisk lidelse blant barn, ofte tilstede gjennom hele livet. De viktigste symptomene av ADHD er upassende nivåer av uoppmerksomhet, hyperaktivitet og / eller impulsivitet. ...

Background Triptans are commonly used to treat migraine headaches, but data on the long‐term safety of these medications during pregnancy are sparse. Triptans have a biologically plausible mechanism for effects on the ...

Importance With increasing prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) and its manifestation in most countries, together with the supporting evidence of the progression to other atopic phenotypes, AD has developed into a worldwide ...

Background Cardiovascular complications are common in kidney transplant patients and calcification propensity of blood, measured as T50, is associated with cardiovascular outcomes. Paricalcitol supplementation ...

Bakgrunn: Selektive serotoninreopptakshemmere (SSRI) medierer antidepressiv effekt ved å blokkere serotonintransportøren, som regulerer synaptisk serotoninnivå. Genet som koder for serotonintransportøren (SLC6A4) er ...

The thermal and rheological properties of suspensions of microencapsulated phase change materials (MPCM) in glycerol were investigated. When the microcapsule concentration is raised, the heat storage capacity of the ...

Do associations between maternal anxiety symptoms and offspring mental health remain after comparing differentially exposed siblings? Participants were 17,724 offspring siblings and 11,553 mothers from the Norwegian Mother ...

The inulin-type fructan was obtained by DEAE anion exchange chromatography from C. pilosula Nannf. var. modesta (Nannf.) L. T. Shen, after optimized extract condition, which was established by response surface methodology, ...

Bakgrunn: Akkumulering av lipider intracellulært har vist å ha betydning for utvikling av insulinresistens og type 2-diabetes. Diacylglyserol acyltransferase 1 og 2 er enzymer som katalyserer det siste trinnet i ...

Proteiner har i nyere tid fått en økt interesse som biomarkører for progresjon av sykdomsforløp, effekt av terapeutiske intervensjoner og doping. Dette har skapt et behov for analyseteknikker med høy nøyaktighet og ...

Piscirickettsia salmonis er en Gram-negativ intracellulær bakterie som forårsaker sykdom hos blant annet laks og regnbueørret, i både fersk og saltvann. Bakterien replikerer ved bruk av cytoplasmiske vakuoler i cellene hos ...

Bakgrunn: Meldeordningen i Helsedirektoratet mottar hvert år meldinger om feil og avvik fra meldepliktige institusjoner i spesialisthelsetjenesten. I 2016 mottok Meldeordningen 10 094 meldinger om uønskede hendelser, hvorav ...

Bakgrunn Helsedirektoratet mottar innrapporterte meldinger om feil og avvik fra spesialisthelsetjenesten i Norge. For å hindre at feil og avvik skal skje igjen er man avhengig av at meldingene rapporteres inn av helsepersonell, ...