Background In order to change antibiotic prescribing behaviour, we need to understand the prescribing process. The aim of this study was to identify targets for antibiotic stewardship interventions in ...

While a lot is known about classical, anterograde neurotransmission, less is known about the mechanisms and molecules involved in retrograde neurotransmission. Our hypothesis is that N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG), the ...

This manuscript extends the definition of the Absolute Standardized Mean Difference (ASMD) for binary exposure (M = 2) to cases for M > 2 on multiple imputed data sets. The Maximal Maximized Standardized Difference (MMSD) ...

Introduction There is an increasing demand for accurately measured glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Iohexol serum clearance has become a new gold standard, but it is challenging when GFR is low and 24-hour sampling is ...

We investigated whether children born preterm are at risk for language delay using a sibling-control design in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), conducted by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. ...

In the statistical literature, the class of survival analysis models known as cure models has received much attention in recent years. Cure models seem not, however, to be part of the statistical toolbox of perinatal ...

Background The disease burden attributable to mental health problems and to excess or harmful alcohol use is considerable. Despite a strong relationship between these 2 important factors in population health, there are ...

The CACNA1A gene encodes the pore-forming α1 subunit of voltage-gated P/Q type Ca2+ channels (Cav2.1). Mutations in this gene, among others, have been described in patients and rodents suffering from absence seizures and ...

Tablets containing prescribed doses are not always available, and this is of particular importance in paediatric care where suitable age-appropriate formulations are generally lacking. To obtain a child-adjusted dose, ...

The synthesis, cytotoxicity and inhibition of CDK8 by thirteen analogs of cortistatin A are reported. These efforts revealed that the analogs with either a 6- or 7-isoquinoline or 5-indole side chain in the 17-position are ...

Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative pathogens are a critical public health threat and there is an urgent need for new treatments. Carbapenemases (β-lactamases able to inactivate carbapenems) have been identified in both ...

Background and aims We have previously found increased levels of the cysteine protease legumain in plasma and plaques from patients with carotid atherosclerosis. This study further investigated legumain during acute ...

Background Low educational attainment in parents is associated with child psychopathology. It is not clear whether the associations are due to risk factors that family members share or due to effects of maternal or ...

While there is an abundance of commercial and standardized automated systems and software for performing the prepulse inhibition (PPI) assay in rodents, to the best of our knowledge, all PPI assays performed in the zebrafish ...

Cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (CDK8) plays a vital role in regulating cell transcription either through its association with the mediator complex or by the phosphorylation of transcription factors. CDK8-mediated activation of ...

The past decade of PPARγ research has dramatically improved our understanding of the structural and mechanistic bases for the diverging physiological effects of different classes of PPARγ ligands. The discoveries that lie ...

Background Exposure to anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) in dogs is among the most common causes of poisoning in small animal practice, but information about toxicokinetic of these rodenticides in dogs is lacking. We ...

Background Non-prescription purchase of antibiotics is undesirable and has not recently been investigated in a representative population in a high-income low-use country during travel abroad. This study examined ...

Preterm neonates require parenteral nutrition (PN) in addition to intravenous drug therapy. Due to limited venous access, drugs are often co-administered with PN via the same lumen. If incompatible, precipitation and ...

Background Multidose drug dispensing (MDD) is an adherence aid that provides patients with machine-dispensed medicines in disposable unit bags, usually for a 14 day period. Previous studies have suggested that the quality ...

In vitro derived simplified 3D representations of human organs or organ functionalities are predicted to play a major role in disease modeling, drug development, and personalized medicine, as they complement traditional ...

Background The cysteine protease legumain is increased in patients with atherosclerosis, but its causal role in atherogenesis and cardiovascular disease is still unclear. The aim of the study was to investigate the ...

Diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGAT) 1 and 2 catalyse the final step in triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis, the esterification of fatty acyl-CoA to diacylglycerol. Despite catalysing the same reaction and being present in ...

Purpose It remains unknown to what degree thyroid hormone replacement therapy (THRT) during and initiation after pregnancy determines pregnancy outcomes. The present study primarily aimed to quantify the impact of THRT ...

The thermal and oxidative degradation behavior and the corrosiveness of imidazole (Im), 2-methylimidazole (2MIm), 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole (2E4MIm), 2,4,5-trimethylimidazole (2,4,5MIm), and 1,2,4,5-tetramethylimidazole ...

Exposure of wildlife and domestic animals to anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) is a worldwide concern, but few methods exist to determine residue levels in live animals. Traditional liver detection methods preclude determining ...

Background: Differences in DNA methylation have been reported in B and T lymphocyte populations, including CD4+ T cells, isolated from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients when compared to healthy controls. CD4+ T cells are ...

Objective To examine whether severe mental illnesses (i.e., schizophrenia or bipolar disorder) affected diagnostic testing and treatment for cardiovascular diseases in primary and specialized health care. Methods We ...

We have previously demonstrated that heroin's first metabolite, 6‐acetylmorphine (6‐AM), is an important mediator of heroin's acute effects. However, the significance of 6‐AM to the rewarding properties of heroin still ...

Mucosal drug delivery accounts for various administration routes (i.e., oral, vaginal, ocular, pulmonary, etc.) and offers a vast surface for the permeation of drugs. However, the mucus layer which shields and lubricates ...

Background: Many drugs with dose-dependent effects on hemodynamic variables are metabolized by cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6). The aim of this study was to compare prescribed dosages and hemodynamic responses of such drugs ...

The effect of polymer concentration on the temperature-induced self-association of a block copolymer comprising a poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) block and a random copolymer block consisting of 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline and ...

Puwainaphycins (PUWs) and minutissamides (MINs) are structurally analogous cyclic lipopeptides possessing cytotoxic activity. Both types of compound exhibit high structural variability, particularly in the fatty acid (FA) ...

Background The use of HbA1c ≥6.5% for diagnosis of diabetes has been challenged for post-transplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM) also known as new onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT) due to a low ...

Systemic administration of drugs is ineffective in the treatment of central nervous system disorders because of the blood-brain barrier. Nasal administration has been suggested as an alternative administration route as ...

Importance The reproductive safety of benzodiazepine/z-hypnotic exposure on child longer-term developmental risks remains unresolved. Objective To quantify the association of motor, communication, and attention-defi ...

The aim of this work was to clarify the dynamics behind the influence of ionic strength on the changes in drug release from large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs). For this purpose, we have investigated the transport of two ...

Climate change is the biggest challenge facing humanity today. The associated global warming and humidification, increases in the severity and frequency of extreme climate events, extension of the ranges of vector‐borne ...

Background Knowledge of risk factors for drug-related hospitalizations (DRHs) is limited. Aim To examine the prevalence of DRHs and the relationships between DRHs and various variables in multimorbid patients admitted ...

An experimental/computational approach has been successfully applied in order to study the effect of solubilizing vehicles (cyclodextrins and liposomes) on the passive diffusion of four active pharmaceutical ingredients ...

Background Kidney transplantation is considered to be the treatment of choice for people with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, due to the shortage of available organs and the increase in the ESRD ...

Objectives To examine risk perception, beliefs about migraine medications and medical adherence among pregnant and breastfeeding women with migraine. Design and setting Cross-sectional study conducted in Norway from ...

In recent years there has been increased attention to child neurodevelopment in studies on medication safety in pregnancy. Neurodevelopment is a multifactorial outcome that can be assessed by various assessors, using ...

A pivotal matter to aquaculture is the sourcing of sustainable resources as ingredients to aquafeeds. Levels of plant delivered oils as source of fatty acids (FA) in aquafeeds have reached around 70% resulting in reduced ...

Anatomical changes in the gastrointestinal tract and subsequent weight loss may influence drug disposition and thus drug dosing following bariatric surgery. This review systematically examines the effects of bariatric ...

In this study, self-assembling Soluplus® micelles were examined for inherent properties. Through calorimetric analysis, the critical micelle concentration (CMC) could be determined at 25 and 37 °C, and the influence of ...

Background The prevalence of obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus is increased among patients with severe mental disorders, and particularly use of second generation antipsychotic drugs is associated ...

Background Antibiotic resistance is a global health threat. Public knowledge is considered a prerequisite for appropriate use of antibiotics and limited spread of antibiotic resistance. Our aim was to examine ...

Collagen is the major fibrillar component and protein in both human and animal connective tissue. It is applied in medical preparations, e.g. wound dressings and tissue engineering. Meat and poultry production industries ...

Objective: To explore the experiences of immigrant Kurdish patients in Oslo, Norway, related to the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Design: A qualitative study with focus group interviews. Setting: ...

We present a short and efficient way of synthesizing two synthetically versatile 4-quinolone-3-carboxylate building blocks by cyclopropanation-ring expansion of 3-chloroindoles with α-halodiazoacetates as the key step. ...

From a patient-centric perspective, oromucosal drug delivery is highly attractive due to the ease of administration without the need of swallowing, and improved patient safety. The aim of the presented work was to prepare ...

Introduction Right ventricular (RV) myocardial dysfunction is a common feature in septic shock. It can worsen outcome, but the etiology is poorly understood. Pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) plays a part in the ...

OBJECTIVE Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have lately become the recommended treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular risk. Patients with posttransplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) ...

Objective To examine whether individuals with schizophrenia (SCZ) or bipolar disorder (BD) had equal likelihood of not being diagnosed with cardiovascular disease (CVD) prior to cardiovascular death, compared to individuals ...

While snus has been the focus of increasing public health interest, twin studies have examined neither sources of individual variation for its use nor the sources of resemblance between snus and cigarette use. Twins from ...

Immunocapture in mass spectrometry based targeted protein analysis using a bottom-up workflow is nowadays mainly performed by target protein extraction using anti-protein antibodies followed by tryptic digestion. Already ...

Fatty acid oxidation is a central fueling pathway for mitochondrial ATP production. Regulation occurs through multiple nutrient- and energy-sensitive molecular mechanisms. We explored if upregulated mRNA expression of the ...

Formation of bacterial biofilms is a risk with many in situ medical devices. Biofilm-forming Bacillus species are associated with potentially life-threatening catheter-related blood stream infections in immunocompromised ...

Pharmacoepidemiological studies on the safety of medication during pregnancy are all susceptible to missing data (ie, data that should have been recorded but for some reason were not). Missing data are ubiquitous, irrespective ...

Background Maternal antidepressant use in pregnancy has been associated with both shorter gestational length and child anxiety. We employed paternal antidepressant use as a negative-control exposure to indirectly assess ...

Cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) signalling affects several cellular processes in Bacillus cereus group bacteria including biofilm formation and motility, and CdgF was previously identified as a diguanylate cyclase promoting ...

Objective: Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) affects 0.3–3% of pregnant women and is a leading cause of hospitalization in early pregnancy. The aim of the study was to investigate women’s treatment and management of HG, as well ...

N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptors (NMDAR) are widely expressed in the brain. GluN2B subunit‐containing NMDARs has recently attracted significant attention as potential pharmacological targets, with emphasis on the functional ...

Maternal fever during pregnancy is associated with several adverse child outcomes. We investigated associations between maternal fever and ADHD among offspring, as well as the sub-dimensions of ADHD - inattention and ...

Background Adherence to phosphate binder treatment is important to prevent high serum phosphate level in chronic dialysis patients. We therefore wanted to investigate patient knowledge, beliefs about and ...

Importance: The reproductive safety of benzodiazepine/z-hypnotic exposure on child longer-term developmental risks remains unresolved. Objective: To quantify the association of motor, communication, and attention-defi ...

Background Propofol and remifentanil often need to be co-administered via the same intravenous catheter line, which predisposes to potential compatibility issues. Our aim was to determine and compare the emulsion stability ...

Recently, several different classes of endogenous lipids have been reported that display antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Due to their minute presence in human samples, access to synthetic material of each ...

The extracellular biofilm matrix often contains a network of amyloid fibers which, in the human opportunistic pathogen Bacillus cereus , includes the two homologous proteins TasA and CalY. We show here, in the closely ...

Background Short‐term survival after kidney transplantation is excellent, but long‐term survival remains low and is equivalent to non‐end‐stage renal disease patients with many invasive malignancies. The aim of the study ...

In this study, gellan gum (GG), a natural polysaccharide, was used to fabricate spherical porous beads suitable as sustained drug delivery systems for oral administration. GG was cross-linked with calcium ions to prepare ...

Both human and animal studies have shown mitochondrial and contractile dysfunction in hearts of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Exercise training has shown positive effects on cardiac function, but its effect on the ...

Platycodon grandiflorus is a plant widely used in traditional Chinese medicine, of which polysaccharides are reported to be the main components responsible for its bio-functions. In this work, the inulin-type fructan (PGF) ...

Background Although maternal depressive symptoms are robustly associated with offspring early-life psychopathology symptoms, it is not clear which potential mechanisms are at play. We aimed to estimate the relative ...

Background: Low adherence to statin therapy remains a public health concern associated with poor prognosis in cardiovascular disease patients. A feasible method for statin adherence monitoring in clinical practice has ...

Background and Objectives: Even though nightlife studies with potentially intoxicated participants provide the much needed information on drug use, they face additional methodological challenges. This study aimed to explore ...

Aims Objective methods to monitor statin adherence are needed. We have established a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry assay for quantification of atorvastatin and its metabolites in blood. This study aimed ...

Background: During pregnancy, women might weigh the benefits of treatment against potential risks to the unborn child. However, non-adherence to necessary treatment can adversely affect both mother and child. To optimize ...

Extracellular vesicles secreted by Gram-negative bacteria have proven to be important in bacterial defense, communication and host-pathogen relationships. They resemble smaller versions of the bacterial mother cell, with ...

Objectives: When caring for children in a hospital setting, tablets are often manipulated at the ward to obtain the right dose. One example is manipulation of tablets containing the slightly water-soluble substance aspirin, ...

Objectives To describe and compare antibiotic use in relation to indications, doses, adherence rate to guidelines and rates of broad-spectrum antibiotics (BSA) in two different paediatric departments with different academic ...

Background Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is commonly used in epigenome-wide association studies of prenatal exposures. Accounting for cell type composition is critical in such studies as it reduces confounding ...

The peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) are important drug targets in treatment of metabolic and inflammatory disorders. Fibrates, acting as PPARα agonists, have been widely used lipid-lowering agents for ...

Objectives To identify factors associated with QOL in carers of persons with young-onset Alzheimer’s (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and explore development in QOL over a two-year period. Methods Eighty-eight ...

Objectives. Estimate the effect of atorvastatin on muscular symptom intensity in coronary patients with subjective statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS) and to determine the association with blood levels of atorvastatin ...

Background Termination of acute inflammation is an active process orchestrated by lipid mediators (LM) derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids, referred to as specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM). These mediators ...

Background: Community pharmacists are available to counsel women in early pregnancy, but no studies have assessed the feasibility of such a service. Objective: To test the feasibility of a pharmacist consultation in early ...

Type 2 diabetes is a known risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and is associated with an increased risk to develop aortic heart valve degeneration. Nevertheless, molecular mechanisms leading to the pathogenesis of valve ...

Data-independent acquisition (DIA) is a powerful mass spectrometric technique to perform both protein identification and quantification of complex protein samples. Setting up DIA methods on Orbitrap analyzers requires a ...

Importance: Hypothyroidism during pregnancy is associated with neurodevelopmental delays in the offspring. However, it remains unknown whether prenatal thyroid hormone replacement therapy (THRT) has benefits regarding ...

Often referred to as “the master gland”, the pituitary is a key organ controlling growth, maturation, and homeostasis in vertebrates. The anterior pituitary, which contains several hormone-producing cell types, is highly ...

Background Recent studies have suggested an association between prenatal paracetamol exposure and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in children. However, these findings may be confounded by unmeasured factors related ...

Background and aims Hazardous drinking (i.e. alcohol consumption that places drinkers at risk for adverse health outcomes) during pregnancy is associated with adverse child outcomes. To address whether the associations ...

Background and aims Intranasal (i.n.) naloxone is an established treatment for opioid overdose. Anyone likely to witness an overdose should have access to the antidote. We aimed to determine whether an i.n. formulation ...

Purpose The purpose of the study is to identify and explore risk factors of serious adverse drug events (SADE) and SADE-related admissions in acutely hospitalized multimorbid older adults and assess whether these could ...

Albatrellus ovinus, the sheep polypore, is a large, dense mushroom being rich in cell wall material. Polysaccharides were isolated by sequential extraction, enzymatic treatment and analyzed with respect to monosaccharide ...

Previous studies have shown that chronic hyperglycemia impairs glucose and fatty acid oxidation in cultured human myotubes. To further study the hyperglycemia-induced suppression of oxidation, lactate oxidation, mitochondrial ...

Surveillance of unintended effects of pharmaceuticals (pharmacovigilance or drug safety) is crucial, as knowledge of rare or late side effects is limited at the time of the introduction of new medications into the market. ...

Many women experience anxiety or sleep disorders during pregnancy and require pharmacological treatment with benzodiazepines (BZDs) or z-hypnotics. Limited information is currently available on how prenatal exposure to ...