Exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs), encompassing chlorinated (Cl), brominated (Br) and perfluoroalkyl acid (PFAA) compounds is associated with adverse neurobehaviour in humans and animals, and is observed to ...

Recent research efforts focusing on the many mechanisms participating in the resolution of acute inflammation have uncovered a new genus of pro-resolving lipid mediators. These endogenous molecules include the lipoxins, ...

Halogenated persistent organic pollutants (POPs) like perfluorinated alkylated substances (PFASs), brominated flame retardants (BFRs), organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are known to cause cancer, ...

Small cell lung cancer is an aggressive disease that requires early diagnosis to reduce patient mortality. Presently, there are two known biomarkers that are widely used for the detection and monitoring of small cell lung ...

BAKGRUNN Det har vært interesse knyttet til bruken av antibiotika under covid-19-pandemien. I denne artikkelen presenterer vi forbruket av systemisk antibiotika i Norge i pandemiperioden. MATERIALE OG METODE Totalt ...

Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) are a third type of liquids, apart from water and lipids. NADES show promise as drug carriers in dermal formulations or formulations for local administration in the oral cavity due ...

The bacterium Bacillus cereus is increasingly recognized as a major source of food-borne disease, as well as other severe infections. Biofilms are a common multicellular mode of growth, where bacteria can be protected ...

Background: Few clinical studies evaluate interventions to reduce oral discomfort among patients in palliative care. Aim: This study examines the efficacy of a Salvia officinalis (SO) based herbal mouth rinse compared to ...

Abstract Persons with certain single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CACNA1D gene (encoding voltage-gated calcium channel subunit alpha 1-D) have increased risk of developing neuropsychiatric disorders such as ...

Sammendrag Misbruk av opioider er et stort problem, og enkelte deler av verden opplever en opioidkrise der et utstrakt misbruk av smertestillende medisiner som oksykodon, hydrokodon og etter hvert fentanyl og fentanyl ...

Paper-based sample collection has gained increased attention during the past few decades for its simplicity and applicability to a wide range of matrices and analytes. Particularly for sampling of blood. Compared to ...

Background Maternal wellbeing and quality of life (QOL) are increasingly being recognized as important for healthy pregnancies. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of a pharmacist consultation ...

Background Studies on medication-related problems (MRPs) among pregnant women are scarce, despite the potential consequences for both mother and child. This study aimed to describe the prevalence, clinical significance, ...

Extracellular vesicles are small round bodies secreted from the membranes of most living cells, including bacteria. The bacterial vesicles contain many of the same components as the mother bacteria and play numerous roles ...

Inonotus obliquus (Chaga) is a strange-looking fungus growing on birch trees in the Northern Hemisphere. Chaga is perhaps best known for its use in traditional medicine, where the fungus is used as an herbal tea against ...

In the statistical literature, the class of survival analysis models known as cure models has received much attention in recent years. Cure models seem not, however, to be part of the statistical toolbox of perinatal ...

The CACNA1A gene encodes the pore-forming α1 subunit of voltage-gated P/Q type Ca2+ channels (Cav2.1). Mutations in this gene, among others, have been described in patients and rodents suffering from absence seizures and ...

There is a growing concern related to the use of opioid maintenance treatment during pregnancy. Studies in both humans and animals have reported reduced cognitive functioning in offspring prenatally exposed to methadone ...

Tablets containing prescribed doses are not always available, and this is of particular importance in paediatric care where suitable age-appropriate formulations are generally lacking. To obtain a child-adjusted dose, ...

We have previously demonstrated that heroin's first metabolite, 6‐acetylmorphine (6‐AM), is an important mediator of heroin's acute effects. However, the significance of 6‐AM to the rewarding properties of heroin still ...

Introduction There is an increasing demand for accurately measured glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Iohexol serum clearance has become a new gold standard, but it is challenging when GFR is low and 24-hour sampling is ...

The synthesis, cytotoxicity and inhibition of CDK8 by thirteen analogs of cortistatin A are reported. These efforts revealed that the analogs with either a 6- or 7-isoquinoline or 5-indole side chain in the 17-position are ...

Medlemmer av Bacillus cereus-gruppen (B. cereus sensu lato) er Gram-positive, stavformede, aerobe eller fakultativt anaerobe, sporedannende bakterier med en vid utbredelse i det naturlige miljøet. Alle etablerte arter i ...

We investigated whether children born preterm are at risk for language delay using a sibling-control design in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), conducted by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. ...

Background The disease burden attributable to mental health problems and to excess or harmful alcohol use is considerable. Despite a strong relationship between these 2 important factors in population health, there are ...

In this thesis, it has been shown that the management of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the immigrant women in Norway and the native Emirati women in the United Arab Emirates was largely suboptimal in terms of lifestyle ...

Background and aims We have previously found increased levels of the cysteine protease legumain in plasma and plaques from patients with carotid atherosclerosis. This study further investigated legumain during acute ...

Background Low educational attainment in parents is associated with child psychopathology. It is not clear whether the associations are due to risk factors that family members share or due to effects of maternal or ...

Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative pathogens are a critical public health threat and there is an urgent need for new treatments. Carbapenemases (β-lactamases able to inactivate carbapenems) have been identified in both ...

Preterm neonates require parenteral nutrition (PN) in addition to intravenous drug therapy. Due to limited venous access, drugs are often co-administered with PN via the same lumen. If incompatible, precipitation and ...

Bakgrunn: Overvekt, fedme og diabetes mellitus type 2 er et voksende problem i det globale perspektiv. Økt fettvevsmasse er sterkt assosiert med utvikling av insulinresistens og diabetes mellitus type 2. I mus er ...

Innledning: Studier har vist at bare 50 prosent av kronisk syke pasienter etterlever legemiddelbehandlingen. I følge WHO sin modell for etterlevelse påvirkes etterlevelse av fem faktorer: pasientrelaterte, sosioøkonomiske, ...

Paracetamol er førstevalget ved behov for smertestillende og/eller febernedsettende effekt hos gravide. Legemiddelet har vært brukt i 70 år og har vært ansett som trygt å bruke under svangerskap. Nyere epidemiologiske ...

Hensikt: Hensikten med denne studien var å kartlegge oppfølgingen av anbefalte legemiddelintervensjoner etter legemiddelgjennomgang i sykehus når pasienten var tilbake i kommunehelsetjenesten, herunder hvilke legemiddelrelaterte ...

Background: Many drugs with dose-dependent effects on hemodynamic variables are metabolized by cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6). The aim of this study was to compare prescribed dosages and hemodynamic responses of such drugs ...

While there is an abundance of commercial and standardized automated systems and software for performing the prepulse inhibition (PPI) assay in rodents, to the best of our knowledge, all PPI assays performed in the zebrafish ...

Background Multidose drug dispensing (MDD) is an adherence aid that provides patients with machine-dispensed medicines in disposable unit bags, usually for a 14 day period. Previous studies have suggested that the quality ...

Cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (CDK8) plays a vital role in regulating cell transcription either through its association with the mediator complex or by the phosphorylation of transcription factors. CDK8-mediated activation of ...

Background Exposure to anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) in dogs is among the most common causes of poisoning in small animal practice, but information about toxicokinetic of these rodenticides in dogs is lacking. We ...

Background Non-prescription purchase of antibiotics is undesirable and has not recently been investigated in a representative population in a high-income low-use country during travel abroad. This study examined ...

The past decade of PPARγ research has dramatically improved our understanding of the structural and mechanistic bases for the diverging physiological effects of different classes of PPARγ ligands. The discoveries that lie ...

Mucosal drug delivery accounts for various administration routes (i.e., oral, vaginal, ocular, pulmonary, etc.) and offers a vast surface for the permeation of drugs. However, the mucus layer which shields and lubricates ...

Purpose Zuclopenthixol is an antipsychotic available as oral and long-acting injectable (LAI) formulations. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of age on zuclopenthixol exposure during oral and LAI ...

Background Healthcare services such as diabetes risk-assessment are increasingly common in community pharmacies. Knowledge of community pharmacists’ experiences of such services could ease the implementation of a larger-scale ...

Background Epigenetic clocks have been recognized for their precise prediction of chronological age, age-related diseases, and all-cause mortality. Existing epigenetic clocks are based on CpGs from the ...

Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are persistent man-made chemicals, ubiquitous in nature and present in human samples. Although restrictions are being introduced, they are still used in industrial processes as well as in ...

Background According to previous studies, older patients frequently have serum concentrations of antidepressant medication above the recommended reference range. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate ...

Abstract Primary human myotubes represent an alternative system to intact skeletal muscle for the study of human diseases related to changes in muscle energy metabolism. This work aimed to study if fatty acid and glucose ...

Ny forskning har vist at omega-3 fettsyrer, som eikosapentaensyre (EPA), dokosapentaensyre (DPA), og dokosaheksaensyre (DHA), er viktige forløpere til hydroksylerte endogene forbindelser, som dannes i mennesker og dyr. En ...

Obesity is associated with comorbidities of which pharmacological treatment is needed. Physiological changes associated with obesity may influence the pharmacokinetics of drugs, but the effect of body weight on drug ...

Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) have previously shown antibacterial properties alone or in combination with photosensitizers and light. In this study, we investigated the behavior of the structural protein collagen ...

The effect of polymer concentration on the temperature-induced self-association of a block copolymer comprising a poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) block and a random copolymer block consisting of 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline and ...

Gravide kvinner i legemiddelassistert rehabilitering (LAR) anbefales å opprettholde behandlingen i svangerskapet på tross av manglende kunnskap om mulige negative korttids- og langtidseffekter i deres fostre og barn. En ...

The objective of this work was to develop and characterize solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN)-loaded mucoadhesive films to reveal their potential as successful drug formulations. SLNs based on lipid (Lipoid S100) and surfactant ...

Abstract Clozapine (CLZ) is the superior antipsychotic drug for treatment of schizophrenia, but exhibits an extensive interpatient pharmacokinetic variability. Here, we conducted a genome-wide association study ...

Background Women with unplanned pregnancies use folic acid less frequently, and more often use potentially teratogenic medications in the first trimester. Yet most studies based on routinely collected data lack information ...

The thermal and oxidative degradation behavior and the corrosiveness of imidazole (Im), 2-methylimidazole (2MIm), 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole (2E4MIm), 2,4,5-trimethylimidazole (2,4,5MIm), and 1,2,4,5-tetramethylimidazole ...

Objective To investigate the effect of pharmacist-led medicines management in multimorbid, hospitalised patients on long-term hospital readmissions and survival. Design Parallel-group, randomised controlled trial. Setting ...

Increased exploitation of resources in sensitive marine ecosystems emphasizes the importance of knowledge regarding ecological impacts. However, current bio-monitoring practices are limited in terms of target-organisms and ...

Abstract Genes and proteins show variable expression patterns throughout the human body. However, it is not clear whether relative differences in mRNA concentrations are retained on the protein level. Furthermore, ...

Needle-free uptake across mucosal barriers is a preferred route for delivery of biologics, but the efficiency of unassisted transmucosal transport is poor. To make administration and therapy efficient and convenient, ...

Purpose The β-1 adrenergic receptor blocker metoprolol is primarily metabolized by the polymorphic enzyme cytochrome P 450 2D6 (CYP2D6), an enzyme with substantial genetic heterogeneity. Our purpose was to investigate the ...

Bakgrunn: Mengden legemidler på markedet øker stadig og flere er svært potente. Samtidig kan et økende antall sykdommer behandles eller forebygges og nasjonale retningslinjer angir ofte bruk av flere medikamenter enten for ...

Disruption of neurite outgrowth is a marker for neurotoxicity. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are potential developmental neurotoxicants. We investigated their effect on neurite outgrowth in PC12 rat pheochromocytoma ...

Objective: To explore the trends in prevalence and incidence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Telemark, Norway (latitude 58.7-60.3˚N), over the past two decades, with focus on differences between rural and urban areas. Methods: ...

Sammendrag Bakgrunn All behandling med antikoagulantia bør gjøres etter individuell vurdering av hver enkelt pasient, særlig for den eldre pasientgruppen. Regionale legemiddelinformasjonssentre (RELIS) mottar mange ...

A series of 36 dual functionalized N-(poly)ethylen glycol N-allyl-/N-benzyl imidazolium and benzimidazolium ILs were synthesized for extractive desulfurization studies (EDS). The novel ILs were readily prepared from imidazole ...

Purpose Limited research has focused on the association between prenatal thyroid hormone replacement therapy (THRT) and motor function, communication skills, and behavior in preschool children. Here, we estimated the ...

Bakgrunn Humant immunsviktvirus (HIV)-infeksjon har gått fra å kunne gi dødelig sykdom, til å kunne gi en kronisk ikke-dødelig sykdom. Takket være legemiddelterapien har HIV- rammede en livslengde tilnærmet normalbefolkningen. ...

Abstract Adequate antipsychotic treatment intensity is required for defining treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) and justifying clozapine treatment. We investigated the occurrence of undetectable or subtherapeutic serum ...

Background Concerns have been raised about the use of opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) during pregnancy and negative effects for the offspring. While neonatal outcomes and short-term effects are relatively well ...

It is unclear to what extent parental influences on the development of internalizing problems in offspring are explained by indirect genetic effects, reflected in the environment provided by the parent, in addition to the ...

Background: Population-based pharmaco-epidemiologic studies are used to assess postmarketing drug safety and discover beneficial effects of off-label drug use. We conducted a drug-wide association study (DWAS) to screen ...

Legumain is an enzyme present in most cells but its dysregulation is associated with several diseases. During stem cell differentiation, legumain stimulates fat cell and inhibits osteoblast differentiation. This thesis ...

Main research findings In the field of bioanalysis, drug molecules and endogenous compounds can be determined and quantified from biological samples such as blood and urine. However, the complexity of such biological ...

Bakgrunn: Etter en nyretransplantasjon er immunsupprimerende behandling helt nødvendig, og mykofenolatmofetil (MMF) inngår som en del av behandlingen og doseres morgen og kveld. Mykofenolat (MPA) glukuronideres til ...

Livelong immunosuppressive treatment is needed after renal transplantation. Tacrolimus has been the cornerstone in most transplant centers. Its narrow therapeutic window and large inter- and intra-individual variability ...

After transplantation patients receive individualized immunosuppressive treatment based on drug concentrations to hinder rejection of the transplant. This thesis aimed to develop and apply alternative methods of measuring ...

Background Many studies detect associations between parent behaviour and child symptoms of anxiety and depression. Despite knowledge that anxiety and depression are influenced by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental ...

This manuscript extends the definition of the Absolute Standardized Mean Difference (ASMD) for binary exposure (M = 2) to cases for M > 2 on multiple imputed data sets. The Maximal Maximized Standardized Difference (MMSD) ...

While a lot is known about classical, anterograde neurotransmission, less is known about the mechanisms and molecules involved in retrograde neurotransmission. Our hypothesis is that N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG), the ...

Hensikt: Fremstille bioadhesive liposomer med innkapslet glyserol for fukting av slimhinnene i munnhulen. Metode: Liposomer med ulike lipidsammensetninger ble tillaget ved to like metoder og med to nøytrale polymerer hvor ...