Abstract Slotted bone tools are an iconic example of composite tool technology in which change in one of the components does not require changing the design of the other parts. Commonly, slotted bone tools are seen through ...

The study of Mesolithic blade industries in northern Europe has contributed to gaining a deeper insight into prehistoric technological choices by applying a dynamical technological approach. In this study, the authors ...

This contribution deals with an ornamented and pierced sandstone tablet found at the Late Mesolithic coastal site of Brunstad (Vestfold/Norway) in 2013. The delicately incised decoration comprise net-, wave-, and ...

The presented research examines 17th century distemper paint from the polychrome wooden interiors of two Norwegian stave churches: Eidsborg and Heddal. For the first time, the inorganic and organic components of specimens ...

Oxygen consumption measurement was used to study potential oxidative degradation reactions occurring in wooden artefacts from the Viking age Oseberg collection in Norway. Model samples of fresh birch were impregnated with ...

Scleroglucan, a neutral β(1–3) glucan with β(1–6) glucan branches every third residue, is being considered as an alternative rod-like, shear thinning high molecular weight β-glucan based polysaccharide to xanthan gum for ...

I 2015 gjennomføre Kulturhistorisk museum utgravninger i Løten og Elverum kommuner, region Innlandet. Bakgrunnen var Statens vegvesens planer om å bygge ut riksveiene 3 og 25 for å skape en bedre veiforbindelse mellom ...

The entire site at Skillingstad, id 140788, consisted of 109 features. However only the eastern part of the site was directly affected by road construction. 41 cairns and five charcoal pits were excavated during this ...

When studying the physical remains from an excavation, focus is naturally at the microscopic level. Fernand Braudel emphasized the necessity to rise above the explanation of individual events and of limited periods, ...

2.8 ABSTRACT: A PAST BORDERLAND – LANDSCAPES, COMMUNICATION ROUTES AND THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORDS OF LØTEN AND ELVERUM IN EASTERN NORWAY The rich soils in the central parts of the region of Hedmarken in the inland region ...

Agricultural history in pre-modern societies is commonly characterized by relatively long periods of stability, interspersed by a small number of large- scale transformations. The main aim of this article is to identify ...

The exploitation of the borderland, where Løten and Elverum represent contact points for the interaction between the agricultural areas Hedmarken and areas of dense forest in inland Norway, is the focus point of this book. ...

Greenpigmentsinmicro-samplestakenfromthreelate-medievalpaintedobjectsfromNorwegianchurcheshavebeen investigated with the aim to characterize their constituents and understand how they relate to damagesobserved in passages ...

This chapter addresses the economic and societal importance of coastal and freshwater fishing during the Mesolithic of Eastern Norway. Here, new archaeological evidence of fishbone, fishing gear and site locations from ...

AS HUBS IN STABLE ECONOMIC NETWORKS, mountain1 marketplaces are seen as integral to the increase and eventual mass production of iron in the Viking period and Middle Ages. The amount of iron produced exceeded local and ...

The use of large-scale, high-resolution ground-penetrating radar surveys has increasingly become a part of Norwegian cultural heritage management as a complementary method to trial trenching surveys to detect and delineate ...

In the context of global warming, ice patches are increasingly important foci of high-elevation archaeology. Langfonne in Jotunheimen, central southern Norway, is uniquely suited to provide a window onto site formation ...

This paper aims to expand our understanding of the processes involved in the production of the artificial pigment Egyptian blue through the scientific examination of pigments found in the first century BCE workshop of the ...

Oxygen consumption measurement was used to study potential oxidative degradation reactions occurring in wooden artefacts from the Viking age Oseberg collection in Norway. Model samples of fresh birch were impregnated with ...

This article uses rock art to explore potential bonds between Scandinavia and Italy, starting in the second half of the third millennium BCE with the enigmatic Mjeltehaugen burial monument in coastal western Norway and its ...

http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/27396

The Skagerrak coast and the Oslo fjord area in southeastern Norway are exceptionally well suited for studies of the long-term use and settlement of the coastal zone. Here, processes of continuous land upheaval during all ...

This chapter introduces current topics in the discussion of human encounters with coasts and coastal areas in what is termed the Mesolithic period (c. 9500–3800 cal bc), with special focus on northern and western Europe, ...

Viking Age burial mounds are usually interpreted with reference to their exterior dimensions, the funerary treatment of the deceased and the artefacts placed within them. The process of constructing these mounds, however, ...

Excavations at Gjærlu, Rømma, Kroksti and Skramstad were mainly focused on cooking pits. In addition to the 118 cooking pits that have been found, a clearance cairn underneath cultivation layers at Gjærlu and two kilns at ...

This paper evaluates to what extent archaeological settlement sites from the Norwegian west coast exhibit traces of a paleotsunami impact in the mid-4th mill BCE. The timing of the Garth tsunami (~3500 cal BCE), as inferred ...

This chapter addresses socio-political structure and change through the examination of spatial and temporal differences in the deposition of brooches in burial contexts and aspects of burial practices. Diachronic sub-regions ...

In 2015, the Museum of Cultural History organized a large excavation project in Løten, Hedmark with over 90 sites. During the project both clearance cairns and cairns interpreted as graves were excavated. The field at ...

Man over board – on missing skeletal remains, lack of artefacts and the symbolic meaning behind cairn and mound constructions This paper builds on the results from the excavation of the field of cairns at Skillingstad (see ...

The paper explores enhanced visualisation of site distribution, with the purpose of understanding shifts in landscape preferences from Middle to Late Neolithic in East Norway. It includes single finds and artefacts from ...

This book brings together the cumulative results of a three-year project focused on the assemblies and administrative systems of Scandinavia, Britain, and the North Atlantic islands in the 1st and 2nd millennia AD. In this ...

Single and multielement archaeological geochemistry has been applied to research and rescue projects for many decades to enhance our understanding of the past use of space. Often applied on one contextual plane, this ignores ...

This chapter draws out the implications of two issues raised by contributions to the volume: the holding of slaves in Scandinavia; and the question of whether Gotlanders were involved in the slave trade in the ninth and ...

In 1931, several osseous and lithic artefacts, as well as fish and whalebones, were discovered in the wetland at the Jortveit farm in Southern Norway. In 2018–19, a small-scale excavation at the original find location took ...

This chapter’s discussion of rulers and polities in 1st-millennium Scandinavia is based on evidence on the upper echelon of ‘central places’, those that may arguably be regarded as ruler’s sites, as well as on written ...

Some cases of grave reopening are easy to detect, as with large plundering holes in great mounds such as the famous case of Oseberg in Norway (see e.g. Bill and Daly 2012), but on other occasions the phenomenon is observed ...

In Northern Europe, the Holocene is characterized by climatic and environmental variations. A central question is how hunter-gatherer in different regions coped with these changes. In this article, we explore the temporal ...

In the 1990s, Christopher Prescott (1996) asked if there really was a Neolithic in Norway, by questioning the meaning of the term ‘Neolithic’. Prescott’s main point was to critically examine when farming practices were ...

The maritime expansion of Scandinavian populations during the Viking Age (about ad 750–1050) was a far-flung transformation in world history1,2. Here we sequenced the genomes of 442 humans from archaeological sites across ...

Metal detecting at a cooking pit site at Rømma in Løten, Hedmark (discussed in chapter 7), lead to the discovery of a brooch formed like a bird. The brooch is unusual and has no exact parallels. This paper presents the ...

The unique ceramic production site at Augland in southernmost Norway thrived for more than 250 years until its demise in the troubled Migration Period. Contrary to previous opinions, we argue that production ended around ...

The point of departure for this article is the excavation of two burial mounds and a trackway system in Bamble, Telemark, Norway. One of the mounds overlay ard marks, which led to speculation as to whether the site was ...

In 2016 the Museum of Cultural History set out to excavate a large burial mound on the northern shores of Lake Mjøsa. The site, however, proved to be a smithy from the medieval period, placed on top of a natural mound. In ...

To understand the transition between the Early and the Late Scandinavian Iron Age, and the turbulent time around the year 536, we are dependent on our ability to recognize the changes in the artefacts. A chronology with ...

Due to increasing hobby metal detecting, archaeological museums receive thousands of finds each year. To improveour understanding of their depositing history and possible connection to structures beneath the plough-zone, ...

Based on mortuary evidence from the Norwegian Viking Age (AD 750–1050), this article seeks to present an argument for cemeteries as key components of social memory and collective experience. Rather than focusing on cemeteries ...

This article presents a new interpretation and identification of a particular type of church in inland East-Norway (Eidsivatingslagen), known in Old Norse as the þriðjungkirkja. These churches were the counterparts to the ...

Artikkelen drøfter utfordringer og muligheter i undersøkelse av skriftbær-ende gjenstander fra middelalderens Bergen. Ut fra tidligere forskning kan en få inntrykk av at materialet er ensartet, siden det i stor grad består ...

A consistent line of thinking about matter, colour and form continued into the Middle Ages from the Classical period. Our present views on the Classical and medieval works of art are coloured by how they have been perceived ...

In the second half of the 19th and the early decades of the 20th centuries, an assemblage of stray finds dating to c AD 600 was collected at Åker in south-eastern Norway. The items included a cloisonné-decorated sword-belt ...

Inspired by George Orwell’s novel 1984 I explore the Viking Age use of the past at Gulli, Vestfold. In the Viking Age a person’s legal status depended on genealogy, a leader should be able to claim to be a descendant from ...

Around 8200 years ago, the gradual rise in Holocene temperatures was interrupted by a marked cooling period, which is referred to as the 8200 cal BP event. The event is detected as a significant fall in temperatures in ...

Two of the most significant archaeological monuments on Karmøy are the burials from Storhaug and Grønhaug. Consisting of impressive mounds containing large chamber graves in ships, they belong to the most exclusive and ...

Humans have a notable capacity to withstand the ravages of infectious diseases. Smallpox killed millions of people but drove Jenner's invention of vaccination, which eventually led to the annihilation of this virus, declared ...

An unidentified white substance was observed on the exterior parts of the southern side of Hopperstad Stave Church, located in Vik in Sogn and Fjordane (Norway). One of the 28 remaining stave churches in the country, ...

Alum-treatment was extensively applied to archaeological wood from the Oseberg collection in the early 1900s, and was a common conservation method at the time involving impregnating objects with hot concentrated solutions ...

European Bronze Age swords had high functional and symbolic value, and therefore they are an interesting case for approaching questions of provenance and trade in Bronze Age Europe. It is often assumed that there is a ...

This study demonstrates how routes over mountain plateaus and passes connected farms, hamlets and regions. The routes enabled wide social and economic networks and were a prerequisite for regional surplus production in the ...

Human sacrifice is a well-attested and much mythologised phenomenon of human society, but what constitutes human sacrifice? Why is socially sanctioned violence considered sacrifice? And why are human lives sacrificed? New ...

We report the novel application of Analytical Ultracentrifugation (AUCF) to characterise the polymeric proanthocyanidin fraction of hops. Extraction of hop samples with 70% acetone (aq) followed by a C-18 Solid Phase ...

In this article, I have tried to discuss the Fimbulwinter theory in a research historical perspective, in order to disentangle the premises presented by both advocates and critics alike. By and large, the current debate ...

The Eastern Baltic Stone Age is characterized by several major shifts in tool technology. Our picture of cultural change is currently based on typological variation in well-preserved bone tools, ceramics, stone tools, and ...

All too often archaeological objects are found as stray finds. As such, they have little or no contextual information, which often makes them difficult to handle analytically and in terms of their exhibition appeal. As a ...

The earliest settlement of Latvia occurred at the very end of the Late Glacial, after the retreat of the ice sheet. Important evidence of this earliest occupation is the wellknown site Salaspils Laukskola. Previous research ...

Large cooking-pit sites in Norway are discussed as a source to the thing-system in the Early Iron Age. The sites represent traces of large-scale gatherings associated with judicial activities, amongst others, and extend ...

Human demography research in grounded on the information derived from ancient DNA and archaeology. For example, the study on the early postglacial dual-route colonisation of the Scandinavian Peninsula is largely based on ...

Circular dichroism (CD) (and synchrotron circular dichroism (SCD)) spectroscopy is a rapid, highly sensitive technique used to investigate structural conformational changes in biomolecules in response to interactions with ...

A new Standard Pollen Diagram for southeastern Norway (c.f. Hafsten 1956) is compiled from 60 local pollen diagrams supplied with 229 14C-dates. Eight regional pollen assemblage zones describe the vegetation history for ...

This article presents a richly furnished female grave find of the Merovingian periodat Åker in Hedmark, Norway. The grave was excavated in the early 1870s, but eventhough rich female graves of this time are rare in Norway, ...

We describe a tanged point and a blade technology from Rubha Port an t-Seilich, Isle of Islay, Scotland that provides further support to a Late Pleistocene or Early Holocene presence in Scotland prior to the establishment ...

This article explores a set of vernacular notions used by the Chagga-speaking people of Tanzania’s Kilimanjaro Region to investigate how life—moo—is an effect of transfers and transformations of life-force or horu that ...

The Norwegian Museum of Science and Technology has developed a learning concept for school classes in science centres named “learning trails”. In this concept, groups of students perform a series of thematically related ...

Since the early 2000s, several large-scale cooking-pit sites have been uncovered in Norway and interpreted as traces of large gatherings. Similar cooking-pits are increasingly found by development-led excavations across ...

Domestic dogs have been central to life in the North American Arctic for millennia. The ancestors of the Inuit were the first to introduce the widespread usage of dog sledge transportation technology to the Americas, but ...

This article presents the first interpretation of a 5th century proto-Norse runic inscription discovered in 2017 at Øverby, Østfold, Norway: “Cut runes in, skilled iril, for Isni”. The meaning of the word iril is discussed ...

Metal detecting have led to a large increase in coin finds, and the findings increase year by year. Virtually every find before the detectors’ entry shows that the Norwegian coins are predominant in finds from the period ...

While a good mucoadhesive biopolymer must adhere to a mucus membrane, it must also have a good unloading ability. Here, we demonstrate that the biopolymer pullulan is partially digested by human salivary α-amylase, thus ...

Submaxillary mucin is a major component that defines the makeup and functionality of saliva. Understanding its structure and function during food intake is key to designing appropriate strategies for enhancing the delivery ...

Brunstad in Vestfold, Southeast Norway – a repeatedly visited settlement area from c. 6000 cal. BC, with a grave and other traces of ritual depositions

AD 536 is a poignant date in European history and marks the advent of a series of documented environmental changes that affected societies across Europe in various ways. Sudden and severe climate deterioration led to vast ...

To reduce animal testing, there is a need to develop novel in-vitro models for evaluating the retention of bioactive compounds in food and pharmaceutical products. Here, a mucus-mimetic platform was developed through a ...

Taking the outset in two finds of bone points in Norway, the distribution and use of the artefact type is discussed. Points of bone and antler are frequently found at settlements and in wetlands in Northern Europe. However, ...

This article revisits the fiction explored by Sally Falk Moore more than forty years ago that initiation among the Chagga‐speaking people of Tanzania's Kilimanjaro region involved men having their anuses plugged and stitched ...

This chapter identifies and discusses some of the ways in which kinship may be of use to IR scholars. The chapter offers examples of how kinship relations have manifested themselves historically in international relations, ...

The paper focuses on medieval wooden sculptures in the 12th and early 13th century in Norway, with preserved original polychromy. The presentation of materials used in the construction, the painting and gilding are based ...

The Mesolithic burial from Brunstad, Vestfold, Eastern Norway, dating to c. 5900 cal BC, represents rare evidence of Mesolithic mortuary practice in Norway. While Mesolithic settlement finds are abundant in the region, ...

This issue inaugurates the First Book Symposium as a feature in the pages of Social Analysis. Instead of including ourselves among the journals that devote a section to book reviews in their regular issues, as we have done ...

Extant discussions of diplomacy understood as a social institution either take the form of histories or genealogies. This chapter attempts to complement these discussions by understanding the emergence of diplomacy in terms ...

From the mid-1800s to the late 1950s, conservation by alum salts (aluminum potassium sulfate dodecahydrate)—with some variations—was a routine method for treating highly deteriorated waterlogged archaeological wood in many ...

Alum-treated wooden artefacts from the Oseberg collection display a great deal of morphological, structural and compositional inhomogeneity. Thus, an in-depth understanding of chemical processes underlying their degradation ...

Alum-treated wooden artefacts suffer from extreme deterioration, and the stability of these objects and the salts they contain to variations in climate conditions is an important issue. Responses of potassium alum ...

The analytical ultracentrifuge (AUC) invented by T. Svedberg has now become an extremely versatile and diverse tool in Biochemistry and Polymer Science for the characterisation of the sizes, shapes and interactions of ...

In establishing the sources of data variability within sedimentation velocity analysis in the analytical ultracentrifuge and their relative importance, recent studies have demonstrated that alignment of the sample cells ...