Since the 1980s the United Nations has called for a sustainable development, responding to the challenges of ecological crisis, global warming, and continuous social inequity. Within the sustainable development agenda ...

This chapter focuses on informal language learning in Sweden. Sweden has a long tradition of teaching foreign languages in school, but formal language learning is currently in many ways being “challenged” by informal ...

This chapter investigates how a national-level assessment initiative may improve equity in early years numeracy education, taking the Norwegian mapping tests for primary grades 1–3 as an example. Three assessments, one ...

Even though equity is an important aim for the Nordic countries, for many of these countries, the effect of a student’s home background on their achievement seems to increase over time. If the aim is to reduce the effect ...

This paper discusses the use of video data in reading research and describes potential directions and application of video data in this area of scholarship. The chapter describes existing literature and trends in video ...