Background: Priorities of researches, policies and programmes to prevent and reduce diseases and injuries should be properly based on adequate information about the nature and extent of the health situation. National ...

Introduction: Early marriage is both socially and culturally accepted in Shivgarh, a rural area of Uttar Pradesh, India. About 61.1% of all rural women residing in this province are married before they reach the age of ...

Background: Information on prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) in Ethiopian prisons is non-existent, despite its highly endemic nature. So, the aim of this study was to determine prevalence and associated risk factors for ...

Background: Gynecological fistula is an international public health problem afflicting many women in the poor countries of Africa and south Asia. Although the magnitude is unknown, it is believed to be a great problem in ...

Organ donation and transplantation is about bodies and body parts. It is about life, death, and the range of social experiences and relationships that fill the spaces between the beginning and end of a life. The study is ...

BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION At the end of 2007 an estimated 2.1 million children were living with HIV/AIDS, and 2 million of those were in sub-Saharan Africa. It is estimated that 90% of children living with HIV acquired ...

Objective: Even with an increasing immigrant population in Norway, there are still a limited number of studies among the group. Chronic musculoskeletal and psychiatric disorders frequently occur and there is a need to ...

Background Hairdressers are exposed to chemicals and work tasks which may be harmful to their health. Studies have shown that this group of working women have a high incidence of both asthma and skin problems. The information ...

Background: Non-adherence to treatment poses a challenge to tuberculosis (TB) treatment since it increases the risk of drug resistance, death, relapse and prolonged infectiousness. TB patients co-infected with human ...

In a public health perspective there has been a strong focus on HIV/AIDS and STDs when addressing the health of sex workers. However, a more holistic approach to the topic of sex work and health has been called for, both ...

Copperbelt province of Zambia Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious public health problem in Zambia. The long treatment (DOTS) patients have to undergo is challenging, and poor communication between TB patients and ...

Objective: The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of diabetes and retinopathy in people with normal and abnormal glucose metabolism in rural Bangladesh and to identify the associated risk factors for developing diabetes ...

This thesis is a qualitative study, exploring the experiences of project workers and participants in the lifestyle intervention InnvaDiab in Oslo, Norway. The target group of the intervention was immigrant women with ...

Objective: The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of diabetes and retinopathy in people with normal and abnormal glucose metabolism in rural Bangladesh and to identify the associated risk factors for developing diabetes ...

Background: Tuberculosis is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in the world, especially in developing countries. Tuberculosis can transmit from person to person through the air. Thus, household contacts ...

Objective: The study was designed to estimate the incidence and factors of diabetic retinopathy among Bangladeshi type 2 diabetic subjects. Methods: A random sample of 977 diabetic patients were recruited in 2008 from ...

This is a study about young homeless mothers and their perspective of health and experiences with access to and utilization of health care. The study was conducted in Durban, South Africa with a group of eleven young ...

It is widely acknowledged that providing family planning services to adolescents would not encourage them to indulge in sexual behaviors but would rather help them with information on how to protect themselves if sexually ...

Aim: Chronic mountain sickness (CMS) is more common among Han Chinese immigrants who have immigrated from inland China (from low altitude to high altitude Tibet) than among native Tibetans living at the same altitude. The ...

BACKGROUND: Chronic diseases like diabetes and metabolic syndrome are increasing rapidly in China. The present study was a part of an ongoing prospective follow-up project aiming to develop necessary health strategy. OBJECTIVE: ...

Aim: Chronic mountain sickness (CMS) is more common among Han Chinese immigrants who have immigrated from inland China (from low altitude to high altitude Tibet) than among native Tibetans living at the same altitude. The ...

AIMS: To determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms and its relationship with diabetes in a tsunami affected and a non affected area in Sri Lanka, 3 years after tsunami catastrophe. Methods: A total of 740 people ...

Background: Evidence-based obstetric care is widely advocated for in developing countries. However, the success of its implementation is not well documented. Selected normal childbirth practices in the main referral hospital ...

OBJECTIVE — To observe the implementation of American Diabetes Association (ADA) guidelines for care of type 2 diabetics at Peripheral Diabetes Clinics (PDCs) in Karachi, Pakistan. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS — The study ...

BACKGROUND: The increase of communicable and non- communicable diseases in Africa and the world today have been attributed to changes in human behaviour and lifestyles in generally susceptible individuals. Cameroonian ...

The aim of the thesis was to asses whether global strategies to introduce new vaccines result in new practices at country level and to find out whether implementation of the new vaccine requires changes in the existing ...

Background and purpose. The relationship between paediatric HIV infection and neurodevelopment has been studied largely in developed countries even if the burden of paediatric HIV is in Sub -Sahara Africa. This study ...

Background: HIV/AIDS has the potential to become a leading cause of death in Nepal. The around 30,000 street youth here are especially vulnerable to HIV as they share characteristics with and closely interact with higher ...

Mental health has become an increasingly important concern in our society with more and more psychological disorders affecting the younger population. Moreover, the prevalence and seriousness of psychological disorder ...

Rationale for the study: The Maternal Mortality Ratio was estimated to 690 /100 000 in 2005. This lies above the average for the other countries with comparable income. (8) To reduce the MMR it is vital to increase the ...

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem in the Horn of Africa, with Ethiopia being the most affected where TB is increasing at a rate of 2.6% each year. The main contributing factor for this rise is ...

ABSTRACT Distribution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineages, Overview in Northern - Vietnam Author: Pham Trung M.D. Supervisors: Gunnar Bjune, Prof., M.D., Ph.D.; Ulf R. Dahle, Senior scientist Co-supervisors: Vu ...

Abstract Title: Getting it right? Women's sexual-and reproductive health and health services in Darfur, Sudan. A qualitative study Researcher: Sara Rivenes Supervisor: Prof. Johanne Sundby Background: There are 25 million ...

Abstract Background: Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is important for effective treatment. Little is known about barriers and facilitators to ART in Zambia. The aim of the study was to gain knowledge about ...

Aims/hypothesis: The purpose of the study was to estimate the prevalence and risk factors for diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), and additionally, evaluate the sensory and musculoskeletal lower-leg function, in type 2 ...

Background: Child undernutrition is a major health problem and an important risk factor for child mortality as more than 50% of deaths among children under five are either a direct or indirect attributable to undernutrition. ...

Settings: The study was carried out in 4 administrative territories of the North-western federal region of Russia Federation. Namely, in Arkhangelsk oblast, Murmansk oblast, Republic of Karelia, and Republic of Komi. Study ...

Results The cases had significantly lower plasma concentrations of selenium than the controls, but there were no significant differences in plasma concentrations of glutathione between the two groups. Body mass index was ...

ABSTRACT Background: The vulnerability to HIV and AIDS of school children and youth in general raised the need for school-based prevention programs that encourage safe sexual behaviour. This study was conducted as a ...

Abstract Directed to address program process evaluation agenda; broadly, this study describes the intervention process for Kahe community health development Project (K-CHDP), through gathered information crucial for ...

Rationale for the Study: The Gambia, a small and poor Country in West Africa. Health is one of the key pillars in the agenda of the Gambia government. Spending has been increased from 13.6% in 2001 to 4.95% in 2003. Public ...

Background Undernutrition is unacceptably high in developing countries, with Sub Saharan Africa featuring second to South-east Asia. Malawi, like many other countries, is experiencing unacceptably high undernutrition levels, ...

Abstract Background : Sedentary lifestyle along with easy access to fast foods have resulted in a global epidemic of diabetes with a prediction that it will rise from the current estimate of 190 million to 324 million in ...

Background Tuberculosis is a world wide pandemic and a major problem for people in low income countries. The intracellular infection has a bidirectional link with under nutrition, and wasting is a common symptom of the ...

ABSTRACT The prevalence of and risk factors for diabetic peripheral neuropathy among type 2 diabetic outpatients in Bangladesh Author: Kjersti Mørkrid Supervisors: Akhtar Hussain, Liaquat Ali Aims/hypothesis: The purpose ...

ABSTRACT Background: The HIV/AIDS scourge continues to take its toll all over the world. All countries of the world are affected. Regions of the world that were previously thought to have the lowest prevalence’s are now ...

ABSTRACT Background: Globally, an estimated 11.8 million young people aged 15-24 are living with HIV/AIDS. Moreover, about half of the 6000 new infections each day occur among youth fs. Within Sub- Saharan Africa over ...

Background Cervical cancer is the most common cancer in Nepal and most often they are diagnosed as stage 2 or more. Despite having country’s cancer referral hospital B.P Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital (BPKMCH), the biggest ...

ABSTRACT OF THESIS ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUG ACCESSIBILITY TO HIV/AIDS PATIENTS IN BAMAKO, MALI (West Africa) Background The republic of Mali is a landlocked country located in West Africa. The national HIV infection prevalence ...

Summary Background: Medication is the major weapon for successful prevention and treatment of illnesses in modern societies. This makes access to effective medicines and their rational use fundamental to the provision of ...

ABSTRACT Background. Neurodevelopmental impairment (NI) is a serious problem because it not only affects the individual s quality of life but it also decreases the future s human resources for the entire society. Early ...

ABSTRACT Background and Aims: Global distribution, determinants, and financial aspects of type 2 diabetes mellitus from data in developed countries depict it as a major health problem increasing at an alarming rate. But ...

Abstract Title: HIV-related Stigmatization: Experiences from women enrolled in a Mother-to-child of HIV Prevention Program in Malawi Researcher: Viva Combs Thorsen Supervisors: Johanne Sundby, MD, MPH (Professor, ...

ABSTRACT Background: China is making efforts to reduce maternal mortality. But there are still over ten thousand women who die of maternal causes every year. Research on underlying factors of maternal mortality is insufficient. ...

DELAY OF DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF NEW SMEAR POSITIVE PULMONARY TB IN RURAL AREA; GAZIERA STATE, SUDAN Mohammed A. S.*, Bjune G. **, and El Sony A. I. *** *EpiLab, Khartoum, Sudan, MPhil International Community Health, ...

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) most of which progress to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing world wide. An apprehensive increase of GDM is also observed in Bangladesh in line with growing ...

Abstract Tanzania like other Sub Saharan African countries is having high HIV prevalence. Adolescents are among the risk groups. So far studies focusing on long term survey of primary school pupils HIV/AIDS knowledge, ...

Abstract This short follow-up study was part of a larger prospective cohort of clients followed up for 18 months in a prevention of mother-to-child transmission program in Lilongwe-Malawi. It was set out to investigate ...

ABSTRACT Factors influencing the utilization of research findings by health policy-makers in a developing country: a case study of Mali’s essential medicines list Author: Michael A. Albert Supervisor: Atle Fretheim Co ...

Introduction; this study explores cultural beliefs and coping behaviour of families with pre-school disabled children; using culture as one of its variables. It focuses on the household and sees coping with care for a ...

It is widely recognized that HIV and AIDS related stigma is a hindrance to provision of care and prevention efforts globally. Malawi being one of the countries with a high HIV prevalence rate in the sub-Saharan region has ...

ABSTRACT Socio-cultural perceptions and practices of dietary choices with focus on fat intake in middle aged Pakistani women in Oslo – a qualitative study Introduction: The nutritional transition has resulted globally in ...

Aim: It is well known that capacity for exercise performance is progressively limited with increasing altitude. Furthermore, the maximal exercise capacity is an indicator of the capacity of humans to adapt and acclimatize ...

Background: Acute diarrheal disease among children younger than 5 years old remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Severe infectious diarrhea in children occurs most frequently under circumstances of ...

This short follow-up study was part of a larger prospective cohort of clients followed up for 18 months in a prevention of mother-to-child transmission program in Lilongwe-Malawi. It was set out to investigate why women ...

Background: Pneumonia is a major cause of under-five morbidity and mortality in Sudan. Pneumonia standard case management has been followed in Sudan through the National ARI Programme. No studies have thus far looked at ...

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Unwanted pregnancy and unsafe abortion continue to be a major public health problem in Uganda. This study has demonstrated that the problem of abortion is still on the increase ...

ABSTRACT This study starts out with recent global immunisation history; the success in achieving high immunisation coverage, and later the failure to sustain the same. With this in mind, the study is looking into effects ...

Background. Mobile Rural Workers have been widely concern as potential source of new HIV infections in China, due to the nature of the mobility and magnitude of the population. Objective. The study aimed at assessing ...

Background: Antibiotic resistance has become a worldwide problem. Recently, there has been a global increase in infections caused by microorganisms resistant to multiple antibiotics. This has led to increases in morbidity ...

Objective: The main aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of food insecurity and its associated socio-demographic characteristics in Oria village North-East Tanzania. It also aimed at exploring the relationship ...

Background Childhood malnutrition, an important risk factor for child mortality, has been a major health problem with no improvement over the last eight years in Malawi. One of the direct causes to child malnutrition is ...

Aim: Asthma is a common chronic condition in both children and adults worldwide and it has a high socio-economic cost. Little is known about asthma in Tibet and especially about asthma in rural and high altitude parts of ...

Albinism is an inherited, genetic condition. People with albinism exhibit little or no pigment in eyes, skin or hair, and often have problems with vision and sensitive skin. Albinism in Malawi is a qualitative project ...

This article examines the pathways to health seeking as seen from the lived experiences of people with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Zambia, as they negotiate their livelihoods in pluralistic health care settings. Zambia, together ...

Sudan TB Reference laboratory need more strengthening in issue of cultures and drug susceptibility testing . Drug-resistant TB is common among previously treated TB patients. Low Weight of the patients, number of previous ...

Introduction: Despite the significant investments put into improving the provision of contraceptive services in Uganda, the desired outcomes have not been realized. Contraceptive prevalence rate remains low and only 18% ...

ABSTRACT Rationale of the Study: The Gambia is a developing country and the majority of the population are women. They need adequate support, information and knowledge to protect themselves from acquiring HIV, and for those ...

Objectives: To determine the prevalence and incidence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus type-1(HIV-1) infections and to describe change in the prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI’s) and related risk sexual ...

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence, maternal complications, foetal outcome and characteristics of patients with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. SETTING: Princess Marina Hospital, a tertiary and referral Hospital ...

Background: There are 63 million persons with disabilities (PWDs) in China, and most of them live in rural areas. They have received inadequate education, employment and the treatment for rehabilitation. They are disadvantaged ...

Background: Available evidences show that Nepal has now entered into a concentrated HIV epidemic phase, as HIV prevalence is found above 5% among CSWs, IDUs. Studies show that mobility is one of the factors behind wide ...

A community based cross-sectional study inquiring into determinants and correlates of sexual risk taking was conducted from June to December 2003. The objective of the study was describing sexual behavior and assessing ...

Delay in the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) causes more severe illness, more complication and an increased period of infectivity in the community. A study in Amhara region in 2001 showed that, among those who had history ...

Objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence, maternal complications and perinatal outcomes of pregnancy in patients with Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy (HDP). Materials and Methods: A retrospective study ...

Objectives: To investigate the use of lactobacillus as a simple tool for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis (BV) using wet mounts in pregnant women and to assess the positive predictive value of absence of lactobacillus ...

Background: More than half of adults living with HIV today are women Worldwide. In Tanzania HIV prevalence was about 1.5 times higher for women than men among blood donors (12.5% and 9.1% respectively). While care and ...

Abstract Diarrhea has been one of the major causes of morbidity in under-five children in Malawi. About 86% of the population lives in rural areas where poverty is very rife. The aim of the study was to investigate ...

Great strides are being made in trying to prevent postnatal Mother to child transmission of HIV AIDS. One of the strategies is through counselling on infant feeding options to HIV mothers, using the UNAIDS/WHO/UNICEF ...

Background The Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) programme in Malawi aims to reduce pneumonia deaths among children under-five years of age. Pneumonia standard case management is implemented through the Child Lung Health ...

Objectives: To describe the quality of life of women participating in the prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) program and how it has influenced their coping towards risky sexual behaviors. Methods: ...

Background and Objectives: delay in the diagnosis and treatment of new smear-positive tuberculosis may complicate the course of disease, increase the risk of tuberculosis transmission in local domestics and community, and ...

The HIV/AIDS pandemic, fuelled by a number of broader political cultural and social factors, affects lives of millions of people and cripples the economy of countries. According to UNAIDS/WHO AIDS Epidemic Update Report ...

Rationale for the Study: The Gambia is a small West African state of about 10,680 square kilometers with a population of just over 1.2 million inhabitants. It is a densely populated country with approximately 97 people per ...

This study aims to recognize and describe the self-perceived working conditions for immigrants and their experiences performing blue-collar work at Rikshospitalet, the national hospital of Norway. Reasons for this study ...

Transmission of HIV in breast milk is well established, but public health approaches to its prevention in resource poor setting remain problematic. HIV-infected women are advised to avoid breastfeeding if possible, otherwise ...

Background: There is much evidence from epidemiological studies of a link between poor realization of genetic growth potential in utero and elevated risk of some adult diseases. The associations between low birth weight ...

This study was undertaken to assess the extent of pollution of water and contamination of vegetables grown by irrigation with polluted river water. The study was done in the Akaki and Mekanisa areas of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ...

Health Care Workers (HCWs) exposure to blood and body fluids is frequent during health care practice, through various procedures (surgical procedures, injections, disposal of used sharps, cleaning etc) and in the different ...

Introduction: Childhood immunization coverage in Uganda has been declining over the last few years thus wiping out a significant part of the initial gains made in the immunization sector. The period of this decline coincides ...