Bakgrunn: Norge har over mange år hatt et høyt antall ikke-dødelige og dødelige overdoser. Norge ligger helt i Europatoppen med henhold til overdosedødsfall. Det har blitt innført en rekke tiltak for å redusere det høye ...

Background Ethiopia is a developing country with serious shortages of health personnel and is one of the countries with the lowest physician density in the world. It is also one of the countries with the highest physician ...

Background Flying high performance aircraft subjects the pilot to physical stress beyond the limits of human tolerance. The pilot faces challenges such as G-forces, low pressure environment and hypoxic air. Some research ...

In my thesis the main goal is to see how the views upon the etiology, treatment and prevention of diphteria has been shaped by the modernization of society and development of modern microbiology during the late 19th century. ...

BAKGRUNN Tilstrekkelig tilgang på blod er et problem i Afrika sør for Sahara, men det er begrenset kunnskap om faktorer som påvirker bloddonasjon. Målet med denne studien var å undersøke lokalbefolkningens holdninger til ...

Background Ethiopia is ranked number seven among the 22 high burden TB countries (1). The Ethiopian national guidelines for the combined management and technical handling of TB, TB/HIV and leprosy, is found in a standardized ...

Background Historically, there has been a strong resistance against family planning, abortion and other womens rights in many Latin American countries. This is due to a combination of “…a strong Catholic presence, unstable ...

Background: To control the epidemic dimensions of overweight and obesity is an imperative concern for medicine in the 21st century. Youth constitute an interesting group in this perspective because the trajectory of future ...

To end poverty in the world, the United Nations and its 189 member states came together in 2000 and formulated eight minor goals, The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by the end of year 2015. The fourth and fifth MDG ...

Background Rates of all-cause and cause-specific mortality are higher among unmarried than married individuals. Cancer survival is also poorer in the unmarried population. Recently, some studies have found that the excess ...

Objectives: To perform cardiovascular (CV) risk stratification in patients with inflammatory joint diseases (IJD) and treat to lipid targets according to recommendations. Methods: We initiated a preventive cardio-rheuma ...

Abstract This text is analyzing why the ABC-campaign, which promotes the risk-reducing behaviour of Abstinence, Faithfulness and Condomize, that apparently were responsible for Ugandas decline in HIV-prevalence in the 90s ...

Abstract: Background The reproductive health services in Afghanistan have been severely affected by long lasting instability and conflict, leaving this nation with the highest maternal mortality rate on global basis. ...

Abstract: The scale and frequency of migration from low- to high income countries recently has exponentially increased as a result of human rights abuses, ethnic conflicts and natural disasters. Once in their host countries, ...

Mennesker har alltid flyttet på seg, og migrasjon er en naturlig del av en stadig mer globalisert verden. I Norge i dag bor det over en halv million innvandrere og norskfødte med innvandrerbakgrunn. Det er store helsemessige ...

Bakgrunn Gjennom 40 år har myndigheter i den vestlige verden anbefalt influensavaksine til eldre og andre risikogrupper. Det har vært enighet om at vaksinen er den mest effektive måte å forebygge komplikasjoner og død av ...

BAKGRUNN: Gravide kvinner mottar mange forskjellige råd omkring fysisk aktivitet og dette kan virke forvirrende. Det norske helsedirektoratet utgir retningslinjer om fysisk aktivitet, der friske kvinner med ukompliserte ...

In the context of an ongoing global financial crisis and as a result of personal interest in psychiatry, it seemed interesting and important to investigate on the origin of the word crisis , to be able to have a more ...

Abstract Background: The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), adopted by most nations in 2000, set specific targets for poverty reduction, addressing topics like hunger, education and health. The fourth MDG aims to reduce ...

Background Okhaldhunga Community Hospital (OCH) lies in a rural area in the east of Nepal. In this area there is no reliable power supply so it is still not possible for this hospital to use a computer based medical record ...

ABSTRACT Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a custom that is widely spread especially in parts of Africa and the middle-east. Due to migration the tradition has also reached Europe and North America. WHO estimates that ...

A quantitative, comparative analysis of length of stay at four different Norwegian University Hospitals In this paper we are exploring the differences in length of stay between some of the biggest hospitals in Norway, and ...

Objective. Audit screening properties of fundal height measures (FHM) in identifying fetal growth aberrations in low risk pregnancies in Norway. Design. A prospective cohort recruited for a controlled trial was retrospectively ...

ABSTRACT Background the aim of the study is to examine the effects post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in Bosnian war veterans has on their wives. How have the lives and the health of the wives changed as a result of ...

This thesis explores connections between medicine and literary science. Medicine is understood as an effort to heal and cure suffering, and to understand, prevent or treat disease. At the heart of the medical practice lies ...

Bakgrunn. De sosiale forskjellene i helse er store i Oslo, bådet etter sosial posisjon og etter bosted. Menn på Vinderen lever for eksempel tolv år lengre enn menn i bydel Sagene-Torshov. Denne artikkelen belyser sammenhengen ...

NaCuHeal-meeting-places (NCH-mp) appear to have a very advantageous cost-benefit profile. An evidence-based practice of medicine is the ideal in clinical medicine as well as in questions of public health. The aim for this ...

Objective This paper looks at how the emeergency departments (EDs) in Norway are organized, their function and what challenges lies ahead in their future. It will also be discussed how other countries organize their ...

Huntington’s disease is a genetic neurodegenerative disorder that affects a person’s body, mind and behavior. The disease has been portrayed in several works of fiction. In this thesis, I will describe what symptoms patients ...

Abstract: Background: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in children is increasing rapidly worldwide, and this poses as a major health concern. Identifying potential risk factors to which preventive strategies ...

Abstract Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, was first discovered in 1961. Since its discovery, the bacterium has most commonly been known for its outbreaks in hospitals. More recently, MRSA has been found ...

SAMMENDRAG: Hensikt: Hensikten med oppgaven er å undersøke om det finnes en assosiasjon mellom foreldrenes sosioøkonomiske status og utvikling av autistiske trekk blant barn screenet 36 måneder etter fødsel. Materiale og ...

Background: We went to Trivandrum, India to do research on Health Information Systems, HIS. HIS is important in order for leaders to make informed decisions, both at local and national level. Objectives: The questions ...

Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) may be potentially devastating and cause widespread changes for the injured person and his/her surroundings. The handling and treatment of these injuries may either aggravate, or improve the ...

Influenza pandemics show a history of recurrence. In the 20th century, three influenza pandemics occurred. The swine flu is now a reality, the first pandemic of the 21st century. Among the influenza pandemics of the 20th ...

BACKGROUND: Due to the large number of tourists travelling to Tibet, it is important to know the occurrence of altitude sickness in this population. Such empirical data can be used for planning health services in Tibet, ...

Objectives: WHO estimates that over one third of the world’s total population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The prevalence of tuberculosis is highest in developing countries. These countries struggle against ...

Abstract Background: Social inequalities in health have over the last decades been documented in Europe and North America. These inequalities pose a major public health challenge. In Norway these inequalities are largest ...

Leprosy is a communicable infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Many patients have been infected with M. leprae throughout the years, and until recently the disease was difficult to treat. In the past, lack ...

Abstract The objective of this paper is to examine the dengue prevention, surveillance and control programme in the state of Morelos, Mexico in the light of Mexican and international guidelines, as well as literature ...

Background Adolescents are generally healthy, but are in a period of life of great change and development, physically, mentally and socially. Their tendency to risk taking and sensation seeking is a major cause of morbidity ...

Background: Yearly 50 million women worldwide are exposed to the risk of malaria during pregnancy. 30 million of these women live in Africa south of Sahara, which are high endemic areas of plasmodium falciparum malaria. ...

BACKGROUND: All matters related to personal hygiene are crucial and fundamental in the religion of Islam. This is outlined in detail, both in the Quran and hadith (the sayings of prophet Muhammed (peace be upon him) and ...

Consanguinity and its Medical Consequences Project thesis by Zanira Yaqub Ansari School of Medicine, University of Oslo November 2008 Abstract Background: Consanguineous marriage, marriage between close biological relatives, ...

Norway is a growing multicultural society, and almost 10% of its inhabitants are related to immigration, of whom many have limited skills in Norwegian. Use of professional interpreters is seen as a necessary factor to gain ...

Abstract More than 500 000 women die every year of maternal causes, 99% of these deaths occur in developing countries. Several initiatives have been made to combat this catastrophe, and 20 years after the first initiative, ...

Abstract: Background: There has been and still is a big discussion about exaggerating health expenditure in Norway and Sweden. This comparative study examined the cost of health expenditure in Norway compared to Sweden ...

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: Most studies of different school and community based programs aimed at preventing unwanted pregnancies have shown little effect in reducing teen age sexual risk behaviour, while a few have shown some ...

Abstract Type 2 diabetes is an increasing disease throughout the whole world and especially among the Indo-asian population. The reason for this is explained by the change of lifestyle, with more energy dense food and ...

Living with cancer - a study of five pathographies. The last 20 years, an increasing number of autobiographical books about illness experiences have been published, and some refer to such literature as pathographies ...

Labour migration – its effect on indigenous youths living in Cañar, Ecuador. Background: During the last decades, labour migration has had a major impact on Ecuador. It’s estimated that about 10-15% of the Ecuadorians has ...

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis contributes only a minor part to the total health burden in Norway, but is a major killer on the global level. Much research needs to be done, in order to get the disease under control. OBJECTIVES: ...

Objective: Investigate if there are educational inequalities in causes of death considered amenable to health care in Norway and compare this with non-amenable causes. Methods: The study used the concept of “amenable ...

Abstract Today, good health is more than just keeping illness away. It’s also about experiencing good quality of life and well-being. Modern clinical medicine alone cannot reach WHO’s health definition from 1946 which ...

Social health inequalities - the psychosocial theory Abstract During the past 30 years it has become clear that there are huge differences in health and life expectancies depending on your social status. This thesis ...

Abstract Background Early onset of menopause is a risk factor for several health problems. The objectives were primarily to investigate the association between early menopause and selected lifestyle factors, including ...

Social inequalities and health. Are socioeconomic factors of etiological relevance in development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among non- smokers? Nordheim E, Claussen B. Department of General Practice and ...

This explorative study was conducted in the Mangochi area in Malawi with the aim of investigating the individual, community and health facility level factors influencing women s choice of place of delivery. In depth ...

ABSTRACT Infection with Schistosoma haematobium causes gynae¬cological lesions which may facilitate HIV-transmission. Therefore, it is important to assess risk of infection in areas where schistosomal infection is endemic. ...

Abstract Tuberculosis is still a significant and growing health problem in Vietnam. Vietnam is among the 22 High Burden Countries with high prevalence of tuberculosis according to the WHO’s annual report for 2004. The aim ...

Abstract The effect of factors in the work environment on the development of posttraumatic stress symptoms after experiencing traumatic stress. OBJECTIVES: This is a cross sectional study aiming to focus on the association ...

Background:The purpose of this thesis has been the circumcision according to cultural and medical perspectives, to discuss the ethical issues that can be in conflict with modern western values, human rights, religious ...

In this paper we study the system of disability pension in Norway. We present an overview of its recipients, and how cost cutting and policy changes effect these and new applicants. While there is an improvement of people's ...

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the clinical care of children presenting with malaria at district hospital level in a low-income African country to highlight potential areas of improvement in the quality of care of malaria. ...

Background We wanted to check the validity of one spesific question in the HUBRO- survey witch was held in Oslo in 2000 and 2002. This was a health- survey which included both ethnic Norwegians and foreigners from five ...

Abstract Background: The Republic of Malawi is among the most poverty struck countries in the world. It also has the dubious honour of being one of the world nations most heavily hit by the AIDS epidemic. In this setting ...

Background: Tuberculosis (tb) is one of the greatest public health problems in the world. One third of the world’s population is infected with the tb-bacterium, and one new person is infected every second. To deal with ...

Abstract: Objective: The purpose of this paper was to study a therapeutic community for drug abusers in Honduras. The main targets was to describe and study the different methods that are being used in the treatment, ...

Dette viser at i fleste samfunns, graviditet og fødsel ses som den mest naturlige, essensielle og sentrale del av livet. Å ikke kunne fullføre dette spontant, gir store psykiske plager og stress hos involvert par. For meg ...

The Norwegian incidence rates of distal forearm fractures are the highest ever reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate possible urban-rural gradients in self-reported forearm fractures, and assess the ...

1 ABSTRACT Effect of reorganization, job insecurity and work related social support on health of employees. Background: There has been a large organisational downsizing in the Norwegian Defence Forces. Several recent ...

ABSTRACT. Objective: To investigate how Tanzanian women respond to getting their HIV-diagnosis, to understand how they cope with being infected, and to assess how they are treated by people in their local society. ...

ABSTRACT Introduction: As we have seen that the number of psychological disorders are increasing day by day, we decided to find out how the psychological situation is for the young minority generation, especially ...

BACKGROUND: The Norwegian population consists of 8 % immigrants, Pakistanis being the largest group. OBJECTIVE: The aims of the study were too register the communication process between health care providers and Pakistani ...

Abstract Introduction: In 2005 there was about 942 elder Vietnamese people living in Norway. Little is known is about this group of people. This brief study aims to give an insight on how elderly Vietnamese people are ...

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to review the long-term effects of infertility patients at the State Referral Hospital (Rikshospitalet) undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) 9 years ago. We asked about how they ...

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is one of the world s neglected diseases that take a huge toll on people in developing countries, but receive little attention from the Western world. It is a life-threatening disease of great ...

Flere studier fra ulike deler av verden har rapportert at etnisitet påvirker prevalensen av astma og atopi. Imidlertid vet man relativt lite om forekomsten av astma blant immigranter i Europa. Hensikten med denne oppgaven ...

Between 1955 and 1963, an estimated number of 150 mill people in various parts of the world, including Norway, received poliomyelitis vaccine possibly contaminated with infectious simian virus 40 (SV40). Human studies have ...

Culture and Health – How do culture intervene with our relationship to health related questions? Background: Our society is developing towards a multicultural society. More and more of our patients have another cultural ...

Low back pain (LBP) presents a major public health problem. Half of the population will report acute LBP during the last year; approximately 80-90% is non-specific. Many will develop chronic / intermittent LBP and a part ...

Physical activity and diabetes in the South-Asian population in Oslo Trine Lauritzen , Gerd Holmboe-Ottesen (tutor). Marz 2005 Background: Oslo is the city in Norway with the largest population of immigrants from from ...

The main aims of this study were to document whether an intervention for promoting evidence-based public health practice had been delivered as intended and to explore the reasons for its lack of impact. Process data from ...

Social inequalities in physical activity among adolescents in Oslo Background: Analyses of the Oslo health study have indicated distinct social inequalities in health in Oslo. The aim of this study was to examine the ...

Background: Data on the use of over-the-counter (OTC) analgesics comparing different adolescent ethnic groups is scarce. In Oslo, almost one quarter of the adolescent population come from an immigrant background. Objective: ...

This article presents a selection of theories that examine the socio-psychological factors that affect the patient’s evaluation of the health service. The selection of theories is based on searches in Medline, Cinahl and ...

We did our study in a remote village south in India. Our goal was to gather knowledge and understanding necessary to work out an adjusted teaching program to reduce morbidity and mortality from diarrhea. Specifically we ...

Medical students and tutors experiences of directed and self-directed learning programmes in evidence-based medicine: a qualitative evaluation accompanying a randomised controlled trial . This qualitative study aimed ...

The dramatic spread of the HIV epidemic throughout sub-Saharan Africa in the past decades has been accompanied by up to a fourfold increase in the number of tuberculosis cases. This suggests that TB control will not make ...

Abstract Background. 10 million children died in developing countries in 2002. Since the seventies Health for All was made as an attempt at a more systematic global health policy. In India mortality in girls exceed that ...