Anthracycline-­‐based treatment for HER2-­‐positive breast cancer is associated with serious side effects. The topoisomerase II alpha protein is the mechanical target of anthracyclines, but its role as a biomarker has yet ...

Background Exitotoxicity is an important cause of neuronal cell death in neurodegenerative diseases such as epilepsy. It is thought that excitotoxicity is initiated by overstimulation of glutamate receptors which causes ...

Congenital hyperthyroidism is found to occur in 1 : 4 000 – 1 : 40 000 newborn. The disease can be divided in two groups, autoimmune congenital hyperthyroidism and non-autoimmune congenital hyperthyroidism. In the first ...

Abstract Background: As Complementary and Alternative Medicine(CAM) is gaining more popularity in our world, their usage and effectiveness is also vigorously debated. There are different opinions among doctors and ...

Abstract The antiepileptic drug Valproic acid (Val) is a known human teratogen. The risk is dose dependent and when the daily doses in pregnancy exceed 1400 mg up to 15% may be affected. The main clinical findings of the ...

Sammendrag BAKGRUNN: Serotonergt syndrom er en potensielt dødelig, men ganske ukjent tilstand. Formålet med oppgaven er å gjøre en litteraturgjennomgang, samt å beskrive nevropatologiske funn ved serotonergt syndrom. METODER: ...

ABSTRACT In excess of 10% of the Norwegian population are snus-users, and the proportion is increasing. An average user of smokeless tobacco is a highly educated man, 25-44 years. Men aged 16-24 years consume more smokeless ...

The ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is a strong risk factor for developing late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD), accounting for about half of the genetic component of the disease risk. Recent investigations ...

Abstract Children born preterm are at risk of complications due to immature organ systems. The lungs are normally not ready for gas exchange until the 24th gestational week. Numerous studies have shown the beneficial ...

BACKGROUND: Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of both palpable and non-palpable breast carcinomas has a high accuracy and sensitivity in dedicated centres. It is generally though that low-grade carcinomas have a ...

Abstract Trophoblast dysfunction is a major factor in defect placentation, which is thought to be an important etiology of abortions. Homeobox genes are transcription factors that regulate the transcription of other genes. ...

During the last 50 years it has become clear that malignant tumours can induce symptoms unrelated to the mechanical effects of the primary tumour itself or its metastasis. Today, the name Paraneoplastic syndrome is given ...

PCBs are a group of 209 congeners of highly lipophilic persistant organic pollutants. They are a concern because they bioaccumulate in food chains and are excreted in breast milk. The purpose of this article is to explore ...

ABSTRACT Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is classified as a neurodegenerative disease which accounts for more than 60% of all cases of dementia. AD is characterized by two hallmark lesions: amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary ...

The effectiveness of non-surgical treatments is depending on the oxygenation status of the tumor. The oxygenation status is determined in part by whether the bloodsupply is arterial or venous in origin, if the blood is ...

The first part of the thesis comprises a literature review on placental development with focus on trophoblast function and homeobox genes. Homeobox genes belong to a large family of transcription factors that control ...

Background: Amplification/overexpression of c-erbB-2/Her-2 can predict the prognosis and the efficiency of certain chemotherapeutics, especially the Her-2-antagonist trastuzumab, in breast cancer. Whether immunohistochemistry(IHC) ...

Background: Lymphocytic hypophysitis and Sheehan s syndrome are rare disorders predominantely affecting women in the peripartum period. Patients usually present with various degrees of hypopituitarism and/or symptoms of a ...

Cancer vesicae urinaria is the most common urologic cancer after cancer prostate. The incidence is increasing, and in 2001 1099 new cases were reported in Norway. Cigarette smoking is the largest known risk factor, and is ...

Mitochondrial disorder, clinical features, investigation, genetics and treatment. The aim of this article is to give an overview of mitochondrial disorders. As my younger brother got this disease early in his childhood I ...

The thesis comprises a literature review, a histopathology study of placentas from Kenya in addition to observations and reflections from a field study in primary health care clinics in Moshi, Tanzania. Transmission of ...