Previous studies indicate that central sensitization may be an underlying mechanism of hyperalgesia and development of persistent pain. However, some individuals may have a higher risk of long lasting pain than others, ...

Previous studies show that the endogenous opioid system has an important role in the pain control system. In recent years, it has also been suggested that epigenetic modifications, such as acetylations, may affect pain ...

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from adipose tissue are multipotent stem cells able to give rise into multiple cell types, not only of the mesodermal lineage, but also of the neuroectodermal lineage. In this study, ...

Endosomal maturation controls trafficking and degradation of macromolecules in eukaryotic cells and represents an important regulatory point in the endocytic pathway. Progression through this phase is primarily recognized ...

miRNAs are short non-coding RNA that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by inhibiting the translation of mRNAs through pairing to their 3’ UTR. The let-7 family of miRNAs regulates cell differentiation ...

The ErbB family of tyrosine kinase receptors mediates the activation of a wide network of signaling pathways, which are important for cell growth, differentiation and survival. The four different ErbB proteins, EGFR, ErbB2, ...

The small GTPase Rab7b is localized to late endosomes and lysosomes and to the Golgi apparatus, and regulates the intracellular transport from late endosomal compartments to the Golgi. However, not much is known about ...

Ectoine is a small molecule that confers salt tolerance to organisms. It is synthesized in bacteria by the gene products of ectA, ectB, and ectC. Ectoine is used in medical, biotechnological, and cosmetic products. The ...

The structures of the immunity proteins for the two-peptide bacteriocins have not been determined, although knowledge of these structures is of great interest as it may reveal at a molecular level how these proteins render ...

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common type of cancer, and at present the TNM staging system is the only tool in routine clinical use for predicting patient outcome and making treatment decisions. Nuclear expression of the ...

Abstract Endonuclease V (EndoV) is highly conserved from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. Endonuclease V in E. coli functions in repair of DNA damages caused by deamination of adenine and guanine in particular. E. coli EndoV ...

Intellectual disability/mental retardation occur in 2-3% of newborns in the general population. In 80% of the cases, the causes remain elusive. Improved molecular and cytogenetic techniques have enabled the detection of ...

Abstract The concept that messenger RNA (mRNA) degradation in E. coli begins with endonucleolytic cleavage has been challenged by the recent discovery that the conversion of the 5’ terminus from a triphosphate to a ...

Paratuberculosis is a chronic enteric disease that affects ruminants. It is caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) an obligated intracellular acid-fast bacilli that usually infect macrophages in the ...

Proteins are subjected to various post-translational modifications (PTMs) that affect their activity, interaction and localization. Methylation is one such PTM that is well known to play a regulatory role in heterochromatin ...

The genome is organized into chromatin domains which can be distinguished by enrichment in post-translational modifications of histones and histone variants. Since the histone code has been discovered, little is known about ...

At the moment, one-third of the world’s population is estimated to be infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB) in humans. Our treatment strategies have been greatly challenged ...

Epigenetic gene regulation is crucial in developmental processes, controlling which genes that are expressed at what times and in what tissues. Posttranslational modifications on histone tail residues yield various outcomes ...

Sensitization of sensory neurons after noxious conditioning may be involved in many chronic pain states, including radiating low back pain and sciatica following disc herniation. Here, we examine such sensitization induced ...