Intellectual disability/mental retardation occur in 2-3% of newborns in the general population. In 80% of the cases, the causes remain elusive. Improved molecular and cytogenetic techniques have enabled the detection of ...

Abstract The concept that messenger RNA (mRNA) degradation in E. coli begins with endonucleolytic cleavage has been challenged by the recent discovery that the conversion of the 5’ terminus from a triphosphate to a ...

The small GTPase Rab7b is localized to late endosomes and lysosomes and to the Golgi apparatus, and regulates the intracellular transport from late endosomal compartments to the Golgi. However, not much is known about ...

Abstract Endonuclease V (EndoV) is highly conserved from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. Endonuclease V in E. coli functions in repair of DNA damages caused by deamination of adenine and guanine in particular. E. coli EndoV ...

The structures of the immunity proteins for the two-peptide bacteriocins have not been determined, although knowledge of these structures is of great interest as it may reveal at a molecular level how these proteins render ...

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common type of cancer, and at present the TNM staging system is the only tool in routine clinical use for predicting patient outcome and making treatment decisions. Nuclear expression of the ...

Ectoine is a small molecule that confers salt tolerance to organisms. It is synthesized in bacteria by the gene products of ectA, ectB, and ectC. Ectoine is used in medical, biotechnological, and cosmetic products. The ...

Paratuberculosis is a chronic enteric disease that affects ruminants. It is caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) an obligated intracellular acid-fast bacilli that usually infect macrophages in the ...

Previous studies indicate that central sensitization may be an underlying mechanism of hyperalgesia and development of persistent pain. However, some individuals may have a higher risk of long lasting pain than others, ...

The genome is organized into chromatin domains which can be distinguished by enrichment in post-translational modifications of histones and histone variants. Since the histone code has been discovered, little is known about ...

At the moment, one-third of the world’s population is estimated to be infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB) in humans. Our treatment strategies have been greatly challenged ...

Epigenetic gene regulation is crucial in developmental processes, controlling which genes that are expressed at what times and in what tissues. Posttranslational modifications on histone tail residues yield various outcomes ...

Previous studies show that the endogenous opioid system has an important role in the pain control system. In recent years, it has also been suggested that epigenetic modifications, such as acetylations, may affect pain ...

Proteins are subjected to various post-translational modifications (PTMs) that affect their activity, interaction and localization. Methylation is one such PTM that is well known to play a regulatory role in heterochromatin ...

Sensitization of sensory neurons after noxious conditioning may be involved in many chronic pain states, including radiating low back pain and sciatica following disc herniation. Here, we examine such sensitization induced ...

The ErbB family of tyrosine kinase receptors mediates the activation of a wide network of signaling pathways, which are important for cell growth, differentiation and survival. The four different ErbB proteins, EGFR, ErbB2, ...

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from adipose tissue are multipotent stem cells able to give rise into multiple cell types, not only of the mesodermal lineage, but also of the neuroectodermal lineage. In this study, ...

Endosomal maturation controls trafficking and degradation of macromolecules in eukaryotic cells and represents an important regulatory point in the endocytic pathway. Progression through this phase is primarily recognized ...

miRNAs are short non-coding RNA that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by inhibiting the translation of mRNAs through pairing to their 3’ UTR. The let-7 family of miRNAs regulates cell differentiation ...

The invariant chain (Ii) has for many years been known to have important functions in MHC class II antigen presentation. There are four isoforms of Ii in humans: Iip33, Iip35, Iip41 and Iip43. The two shorter isoforms ...

Previous studies indicate that inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) activity may result in accumulation of endocannabinoids both in the brain and the spinal cord. Furthermore, it has been suggested that the ...

DNA vaccines have the ability to induce humoral and cellular immune responses but their efficiency needs further improvement. One strategy is to target the antigen to surface receptors on antigen-presenting cells (APCs), ...

Epitelcellelinjen ”Madin-Darby canine kidney” (MDCK) er en velstudert polarisert cellelinje som danner tette cellelag med separate apikale og basolaterale membrandomener, som ved hjelp av polarisert transport av nysyntetiserte ...

Gb3 (Gal α1-4, Gal β1-4, Glc β1-1, Ceramide) is a neutral glycosphingolipid specifically expressed in several human tissues, and is recognised as a receptor for Shiga toxins. Gb3 has been demonstrated to be upregulated in ...

As the fish farming industry is growing all over the world, economic losses caused by diseases are also increasing. In Norway one fifth of the farmed fish are lost due to viral diseases; there is no treatment for viral ...

Multiple DNA damaging agents cause deaminations of the bases of DNA. If not repaired, these can lead to mutations, which in turn can result in dangerous diseases. Endonuclease V (EndoV) is a highly conserved gene from ...

Osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) is a tightly regulated process, inducing large changes in cell phenotype and gene expression. Characterization of these expressional changes may be important in ...

Abstract The gram negative obligate human bacterium N. gonorrhoeae possesses a general O-linked glycosylation system with several target proteins. So far twelve glycoproteins have been identified. In all cases where the ...

Cells that grow in a restricted area will eventually become confluent. At that point normal cells will stop dividing, while cancer cells, with their invasive properties, will continue dividing. It has been known for quite ...

Eskild sin gruppe har klonet hNCU-G1 som viser seg å være et protein med en mulig dobbeltfunksjon. Proteinet ble vist til å være lokalisert i kjernen hvor det kan fungere som en transkripsjonsfaktor og kjernereseptor ...

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a widely used model organism to study chloroplast gene expression and photosynthetic processes. In this project we worked to identify a novel trans-acting factor that is thought to contribute ...

Phage display has been instrumental in discovery of novel binding peptides and folded domains for the past two decades, arguably with most success in the field of drug discovery. Despite being a mature and dominating ...

In addition to providing morphological support, the actin cytoskeleton is involved in cell motility, endocytosis and intracellular transport. Cytoskeletal interaction with the membrane is an essential part of these processes ...

Colorectal cancer is one of the most prevalent causes of cancer deaths worldwide, with an estimated 1500 deaths each year in Norway alone. Early detection of colorectal cancer may significantly reduce this number, and it ...

Autophagy is an important growth regulatory process in eukaryotic cells. Dysfunctional autophagy can cause tumorigenesis and neurodegenerative diseases due to accumulation of defective cellular substructures and protein ...

Osteosarcomas are the most common primary malignant tumors of bone. They are highly aggressive with poor prognosis, and display complex genomic aberrations. Previously, our group has identified a frequently deleted region ...

Syndecans (Syns) are transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) and comprise a family of four members, Syn 1-4. Syns have important roles as cell surface receptors involved in cell-cell and/or cell-matrix interactions. ...

Tumor-specific CD4+ T cells coordinate the adaptive immune response against cancer. Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen presenting cells that are believed to be important for the initial activation of naïve ...

Abstract Seed development requires a coordinated interplay between different transcriptional programs in the embryo, the endosperm and the maternally derived seed coat. In angiosperms, the embryo and the endosperm are ...

Gene therapy strategies have been intensively studied for over 20 years. However, there are yet no gene therapy protocols in conventional use. In this project, a gene delivery protocol was optimized for the transient ...

Testicular germ cell tumours are the most frequent type of cancer in young adult Caucasian males. Yet, it is one of the neoplastic diseases with the best prognosis and outcome, making it an ideal model for curative disease. ...

Vitamin D har en potensiell anti-angiogenetisk effekt ved binding av 1,25 dihydroksyvitmin D3 til VDR (vitamin D reseptoren). VDR er en ligand-aktivert transkripsjonsfaktor som binder til VDRE (vitamin D responselementer) ...

A cluster of genes in both animals and flowering plants are expressed only from one of the two homologous chromosomes, depending upon whether they are maternally or paternally inherited. This phenomenon is called imprinting, ...

Sorting nexin 8 (SNX8) belongs to the sorting nexin protein family. Members of this family are known to be involved in endocytosis and endosomal sorting. It was recently reported that SNX8 regulates retrograde transport ...

Neisseria er en gruppe gram-negative bakterier som består av både patogene og ikke-patogene arter. Patogene Neisseria fører til store helseproblemer på verdensbasis; Neisseria meningitidis kan forårsake meningokokksykdom, ...

Thioredoxin (Trx) is a small ubiquitous protein containing two conserved cysteines that can reversibely form a redox-active disulfide bond, belonging to the Trx superfamily. Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) was the first ...

This study investigates the function of a novel human protein, which, based on secondary structure prediction, belongs to class I of SAM-dependent methyltransferases (MTases). No specific functions or substrates have yet ...

The transcription factor c-Myb is an important regulator involved in proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of hematopoietic cells. Its activity is regulated through interactions with co-repressors and co-activators. ...

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour (MPNST) is a rare and highly aggressive malignancy with high frequency of both local recurrence and distant metastasis. About half of all cases arise in individuals with the hereditary ...

Ovarian carcinoma (OC), primary peritoneal carcinoma (PPC) and malignant mesothelioma (MM) are all highly aggressive tumors that share common morphological features in addition to being histogenetically related. It is of ...

Fatty-acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is an enzyme that metabolizes several endocannabinoids and fatty acid amides. A functional variant of the gene encoding FAAH, which reduces the enzymatic activity, has been associated with ...

Mental retardation occurs in 2-3% of newborns in the population and can be inherited from the parents, caused by environmental influences or de novo mutations. Microscopically visible chromosome aberrations, such as trisomy ...

The human 5-HT7 serotonin receptor is a G-protein-coupled receptor that activates adenylyl cyclase constitutively and upon agonist-activation. In previous studies, some inverse agonists induce both homo- and heterologous ...

Six transmembrane protein of prostate 2 (STAMP2) is a six transmembrane domain protein in the STAMP/STEAP family. It is primarily found in the prostate, visceral adipose tissue, and bone marrow, and is overexpressed in ...

A comprehensive understanding of the processes associated with endosymbiosis is important for our knowledge of the evolution of eukaryotes. Investigations of the relatively recent secondary (and tertiary) endosymbioses of ...

Legionella er en vannlevende bakterieslekt som er alminnelig i norske innsjøer. Til tross for dette er det vist at Legionella stiller strenge krav til næring når den dyrkes i laboratoriet, og optimal vekst oppnås ved omkring ...

Bakteriosiner er ribosomalt syntetiserte, antimikrobielle peptider som produseres av en rekke bakteriearter. Lactococcin G er et bakteriosin som består av to peptider, kalt α og β, og produseres av melkesyrebakterien ...

Malignant melanoma is a very metastatic and therapy resistant disease, with few therapeutic options in advanced stages. An abnormal apoptosis pathway is considered to contribute substantially to the resistance observed in ...

High levels of oxidative stress are a common aspect of most neurodegenerative disorders. Oxidative stress in the brain causes DNA lesions that are mainly repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathway. The BER pathway ...

Prostate cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers and second highest cause of death in patients who suffer from cancer in western countries. Much effort has been carried out to understand the molecular ...

Nearly all human tissues express epidermal growth factor receptors(ErbBs)embedded in the plasma membrane. Four homologous ErbB proteins exert a pivotal function of transmitting proliferative signals by binding their cognate ...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a relatively newly discovered class of small endogenous non coding RNA molecules with important roles in cell function and cancer development. Mature miRNAs bind to complementary sequences of transcripts ...

Until recently, most intercellular communication in plants has been explained by the signaling and perception of non-peptide plant hormones. It is, however, becoming increasingly clear that plant cell communication also ...

Our group has shown that ultraviolet (UV) irradiation of fission yeast cells in G1 phase induces a delayed entry into S phase. More recently, we found that the cell cycle delay is accompanied by a general depression of ...

Autofagi er en intracellulær prosess eukaryote celler benytter til å bryte ned sitt eget cytoplasma ved langvarig sult eller proteinmangel, til negativ regulering av massevekst, og til spesifikk nedbrytning av ødelagte ...

Eskilds gruppe har vist at hNCU-G1 kan fungere som en ligandavhengig koaktivator for kjernereseptorer in vitro. Denne masteroppgaven bruker fluorescenskonfokalmikroskopi til videre å undersøke interaksjonen mellom hNCU-G1 ...

In mammals, adult neurogenesis is a restricted phenomenon, taking place in only two distinct areas of the brain, the subventricular zones and the hippocampus. The rate of adult neurogenesis can be regulated through a ...

SUMMARY Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been identified in several adult tissues and have the ability to differentiate into multiple cell types. However, not all MSC types differentiate efficiently into all lineages. ...

The gram-negative bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae utilizes an O-linked glycosylation system to decorate a selected set of its proteins. So far however, no glycosylation associated phenotypes have been detected. The most ...

Epitelcellelinjen ”Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK)” er en velstudert polarisert cellelinje som danner tette cellelag med separate apikale og basolaterale membrandoméner. Proteoglykaner sorteres til både den apikale og den ...

Crucian carp (Carassius carassius) avoids lactic acidosis during prolonged periods of anoxia by producing ethanol as the main anaerobic end-product. Apparently, this is made possible by adaptations in the pyruvate dehydrogenase ...

The crucian carp (Carassius carassius) inhabits lakes and ponds in Northern Europe, where it is able to survive anoxia that often occurs for months during the long winter. Several physiological adaptations, including the ...

Animals store most excess energy as fat in specialized cells called adipocytes which form the major part of adipose tissue. Since obesity, which has reached epidemic proportions in the last decades, is the result of excess ...

SAMMENDRAG Det går et fint skille mellom medfødt og ervervet immunitet og de to systemene samarbeider på mange områder. Anafylatoksinene C3a og C5a er viktige effektormolekyler som produseres av det medfødte immunforsvaret. ...

The human genome encodes 8 homologues of the E.coli protein AlkB, hABH1-8. AlkB, hABH2, and hABH3 repair DNA and RNA by oxidative demetylation in the presence of Fe2+ and 2-oxoglutarate (2OG). The functions of the remaining ...

There is a current debate on microbial diversity between the defenders of the cosmopolitan hypothesis, arguing for high gene flow and low diversity, and the defenders of the endemism hypothesis, conversely arguing for ...

Colorectal cancer is a common malignancy that develops over a long period of time. Most cases are sporadic, while a small percentage is hereditary, such as hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC, Lynch syndrome). ...

Abstract Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), and is inactivated by cellular uptake, mostly catalyzed by glutamate (excitatory amino acid) transporter subtype ...

The prion protein has been implicated in a number of neurodegenerative diseases of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) type. During disease development, the cellular prion protein (PrPC) undergoes a conformational ...

Mammalian AlkB homologues (ABH) contain a 2-oxoglutarate and iron dependent dioxygenase domain, placing these proteins in the 2OG/Fe2+ dependent dioxygenase superfamily. The mammalian ABH2 and ABH3 proteins are oxidative ...

Post-translational modifications of histones play an important role in regulation of gene transcription. The most well studied histone modification is acetylation that is regulated by the enzymatic activities of histone ...

Prionsykdommer er en gruppe nevrodegenerative, dødelige sykdommer som forekommer hos både dyr og mennesker, og forårsakes av en konformasjonsendring i det endogene prionproteinet (PrP). I normal hjerne og i flere andre ...