Background: Sub-Saharan Africa is representing 69 % of the global HIV burden, with an estimated number of 34 million HIV positive people worldwide, 1.2 million HIV positives are living in Zimbabwe. With around one in seven ...

Background: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is the most common form of diabetes mellitus (DM) among children/adolescents under the age of 15 years. This was also the situation at the pediatric ward at Tygerberg Hospital (TH) in South ...

Background: In newborn resuscitation the recommended rate of chest compressions should be 90 per minute and 30 ventilations should be delivered each minute, aiming at achieving a total of 120 events per minute. However, ...

Objective: The aim of this review is to present cobalamin deficiency in children with a specific focus on infants. Background: Cobalamin deficiency is caused by inadequate intake, malabsorption or inborn errors of vitamin ...

Abstract Aims: To compare and illustrate the treatment of diabetes in Norway and Argentina using the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD) and American Diabetes Association (ADA) guidelines. Methods: ...

Abstract Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is an important, but rare chronic disease in children, characterized by minimal change disease in the majority. NS is characterized by the clinical triad of proteinuria (protein/creatinine ...

Objective: The aim of this review was to present different treatment options for pregnancies diagnosed with twin to twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) and compare them to each other. Background: Twin to twin transfusion ...

Abstract Background. Every year many Norwegian children get diagnosed with cancer. When a family member gets sick, the whole family gets involved, including the healthy siblings. Objective. The aim of this study is to ...

This review concerns the challenge of growing prevalence of exercise-induced asthma (EIA) in physically active children and adolescents. The article will encompass both mechanisms for developing exercise-induced asthma and ...

Background: Over the last decades it has been brought to our attention that breast-fed infants generally exhibit a different growthpattern than formulafed infants. The average weightgain of the former is greater than that ...

STABILISERING OG TRANSPORT AV NYFØDTE MED ALVORLIGE MEDFØDTE HJERTEFEIL Barreth KH1, Silberg IE2, Hansen TWR2 1Det medisinske fakultet, Universitetet i Oslo 2Nyfødtseksjonen, Rikshospitalet OUS ABSTRAKT Mål: Retrospektiv ...

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a group of chronic metabolic diseases characterized by high concentration of glucose in the blood. The most common form of diabetes among children and adolescents is type 1 diabetes (T1D). ...

Aim: To make a video about the pulmonary examination of children that includes pathological findings and explains important terms. The video seeks to educate medical students at the University of Oslo. It is in English ...

ABSTRACT Background Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease in which a selective destruction of the insulin-producing β-cells in the pancreas results in insulin deficiency and hyperglycaemia, thus a dependance ...

ABSTRACT: Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is, according to the definition: «The sudden unexpected death of an infant < 1 year of age, with onset of the fatal episode apparently occurring during sleep, that remains ...

Background: Asthma is an inflammatory disease, and previous studies have shown that exhaled breath temperature is elevated in asthmatic subjects and that it is correlated with markers of disease; exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) ...

The problem statement for this student project is: descriptive assessment on hospital neonatal care at Edna Adan Maternity Hospital (EAMH) in Hargeisa, Somaliland. This project is an observational study, which does not ...

AIM: To assess whether Mediterranean diet is associated with asthma and allergic sensitization, and to explore possible associations between individual food groups and asthma and allergic sensitization. METHODS: The study ...

Background: The role of respiratory tract infections in the development of asthma is uncertain. Studies have found evidence for both positive and negative effects of respiratory tract infections in infancy on the risk of ...

Abstract Autism spectrum disorder is a pervasive developmental disorder in which, despite thorough research, we still don’t know much about etiology and pathogenesis. Many theories regarding the etiology of ASD have ...

Abstract: Background: In children with renal disease, a biopsy may be performed to provide a diagnosis, and/or to assess the progression of disease or effect of treatment. The objective of this study was to survey the ...

BACKGROUND: Clinical pathways are structured, multidisciplinary plans of care that provide detailed guidance for each stage in the management of a patient with a specific clinical problem. They aim to link evidence-based ...

Background: Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS/ME) is a condition that appears among children, adolescents and grownups. Both understanding and treatment is debated. In the media Lightning Process (LP) has been promoted as a ...

Background Infectious endocarditis is an uncommon, potentially life-threatening disease. Recommendations for prophylaxis have been published for more than 50 years. Traditionally, antibiotic prophylaxis has been given ...

Primær immunsvikt utgjør en gruppe sjeldne og alvorlige sykdommer som har til felles at de presenterer en medfødt svikt I immunsystemet. Siden 1984 har barn i Norge med disse tilstandene fått tilbud om behandling med ...

Mål: Formålet med oppgaven har vært å undersøke prevalensen av misdannelser hos barn innlagt med førstegangs pyelonefritt ved Rikshospitalets barneavdeling i perioden 1/1-2001 til 31/12-2005. Det er også undersøkt hva som ...

Common variable immunodeficiency in children Background. Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a primary immunodeficiency that shows considerable heterogeneity. Despite increased knowledge of the genetics of primary ...

Intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) is a serious complication in premature infants. This type of bleeding may lead to serious neurological sequelae or even death. IVH is prevalent in VLBW children, with an incidence of ...

Objective: To investigate the association between mode of delivery and outcome for the newborn child. Design: Retrospective study with data collected from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and the Obstetric department at ...

Abstract Background. Necrotizing enterocolitis is a severe gastrointestinal disease affecting newborn, especially premature, infants. Much about the etiology and patophysiology of NEC is still unclear, but it seems to be ...

Background: The thalassaemias are a group of inherited haemoglobin disorders frequently found in tropical and subtropical areas, evolutionary selected for due to carriers’ resistance to malaria. It is regarded as an autosomal ...

This study explored hormonal differences in 67 adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) compared with 55 healthy controls. CFS can cause severe reduction in quality of life among patients, yet the pathophysiology ...

Object: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with other autoimmune diseases such as celiac disease (CD) and thyroid disease. It has been estimated that 4-12 % of children with T1D, also have CD. In Norway, most diabetic ...

Abstract and Keywords Background: Patients with repaired Tetralogy of Fallot have increased risk of arrhythmias, correlating with prolongation of the QRS complex. The underlying mechanisms are uncertain. We explored the ...

ABSTRACT Background An increasing number of severe cases with IVH/PVL were observed in neonates at Rikshospitalet University Hospital during late 1990ies. Several of these were treated with dopamine/dobutamine shortly ...

Riise-Elnes A.1, Brosstad F.1, 2, Kalikstad B.1,3 1 Medical Faculty, University of Oslo, Norway 2 Medical Department, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet HF, Oslo 3 Department of Paediatrics, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet ...

Bakgrunn: Hurler syndrom er den alvorligste form for mucopolysaccaridose I (MPS I), en lysosymal lagringsforstyrrelse som skyldes mangel på enzymet α-L-iduronidase. Sykdommen forløper progressivt med affeksjon av flere ...

Background The most common drug used for treatment of systemic hypotension in premature and neonates are dopamine and dobutamine. For many years data on drug treatment have basically been extrapolated from adults to ...

Abstract Background Although allergic diseases in the upper and lower airways often are viewed and treated as separate diseases and by different specialists, the present view favours a common approach. Allergic rhinitis ...

Abstract Hemangiomas of infancy (HOI) are the most common tumors of childhood with an epidemiological frequency estimated to 10-12%. They are benign tumors of endothelial cells that form vessels of various diameter. The ...

Abstract Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common life-limiting disorder among whites, with an incidence in our country of about 1 in 4000-45000 live births. In Norway, the diagnosis is currently made after patients present ...

Abstract Background: The purpose of this study has been to give a review about latex allergy. Prevalence and clinical findings in different populations, diagnosing methods and therapy has been studied. The latex allergen ...

Bakgrunn. Kronisk Granulomatøs Sykdom (CGD) er en genetisk bestemt primær immunsviktsykdom forårsaket av svikt i fagocyttfunksjon. Det finnes fire former, hvorav èn har x-bundet recessiv form, og utgjør 70 % av alle ...

Background. End stage renal failure in infants is rare, and was until recently regarded as untreatable. Advancements in dialysis techniques and other renal replacement therapy, have now made lifesaving treatment possible. ...

Background: Meningococcal infection is still a serious disease in the 21st century infecting 0.5 ¡V 1.2 millions yearly, mainly children, killing 1 in 10 in spite of optimal treatment. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a glycolipid ...

Background Ferdighetssenteret (The Skill Centre) at Rikshospitalet needed a tool to teach pediatric skills to the students at The University of Oslo (UiO). The centre had already made two educational videos, and wished to ...

English Abstract -“Reasons why children and adolescents choose to quit insulin pump therapy” (“Årsaker til at barn og unge slutter med insulinpumpebehandling”) Why do some of the patients choose to quit insulin pump ...

Abstract BACKGROUND: Our aim is to review the effectiveness of NIDCAP and its influence on the ward. METHODS: Searches were made in May 2006, January 2007 and August 2007 by using keywords like “NIDCAP”, “Developmental ...

Abstract The Hyper-IgM Syndrome (HIGM) is a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder encopassing multiple subclasses categorised by different defects on the gene level. Patients suffering from HIGM have increased tendency ...

COARCTATION OF THE AORTA IS IT POSSIBLE TO MAKE THE DIAGNOSIS AT AN EARLIER STAGE? Background. Early diagnosis is an important prognostic factor for children with coarctation of the aorta. The objective of this study was ...

“Neonatal stroke” refers to cerebrovascular events between 28 weeks of gestational age and 28 days postnatal and includes thromboembolic cerebral infarction and all kinds of intracranial haemorrhage. Neonatal stroke may ...

Abstract 1: Comparative testing of pulse oxymeters for screening of congenital heart disease in newborns Background. Pulse oximetry testing can be a useful tool in order to detect congenital heart defect. There are several ...

Abstract: Exchange of information is an important part of health work. What the informer intends to tell and what the patient understands aren’t necessarily the same. The internet has become a widely used information ...

Summary Background: v-PS is found in 8-10 % of all congenital heart disease. 80-90 % of all patients with pulmonary outflow obstuction have an isolated valvular pulmonary stenosis (v-PS). The aim of our study was to analyse ...

Background: In patiens with congenital heart defects, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is an important factor for morbidity and mortality. Congenital systemic to pulmonary shunts represent an important aetiology of ...

It is well known that children in daycare are at higher risk of aquiring infections. Less obvious is what that in each case would be the proper actions taken regarding several aspects: Should the child be kept at home and ...

Summary Background Some children have medical conditions that cause frequent consultations with doctors and long-lasting care from the health service. It might be a challenge to provide continuity and a proper care for ...

Early symptoms in children with primary immunodeficiency diseases Primary immunodeficiency diseases are rare. They represent a heterogenous group of disorders characterized by an increased susceptibility to infections. ...

BACKGROUND: In the weeks following birth, preterm infants often develop anemia requiring blood transfusions. The aims of the study were to examine the quality of red blood cell (RBC) units from cord blood (CB) during 5 ...

Vernix caseosa is a protective biofilm covering the fetus during the last trimester. It is mainly composed of water (80.5%), proteins (10.3%) and lipids (9.1%). Earlier reports have focused primarily on its lipid components, ...

Neonatal stroke refers to cerebrovascular events between 28 weeks of gestational age and 28 days postnatal and includes thromboembolic cerebral infarction and all kinds of intracranial haemorrhage. Neonatal stroke may ...

Methadone assisted rehabilitation of opioid addicts started in Oslo in 1996. The purpose is to compensate for the neuroadaption by keeping a steady and high consumption of methadone that neutralize the urge for opioids ...

For parents of small children and lay people it can be difficult to navigate specialist literature when trying to access paediatric problems on their own. Although information targeted at this group already exists, both ...

Background: The Skill training Centre at Rikshospitalet University Hospital is making a series of videos concerning the examination of children. The first two of the three videos are now completed. The Skill training Centre ...

Respiratory Syncytial Virus was first detected as a Coryza Virus causing symptoms of the common cold in chimpanzees in the fifties. In 1957 the virus was found in children and over the years to come it was established as ...