The genome is organized into chromatin domains which can be distinguished by enrichment in post-translational modifications of histones and histone variants. Since the histone code has been discovered, little is known about ...

At the moment, one-third of the world’s population is estimated to be infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB) in humans. Our treatment strategies have been greatly challenged ...

Epigenetic gene regulation is crucial in developmental processes, controlling which genes that are expressed at what times and in what tissues. Posttranslational modifications on histone tail residues yield various outcomes ...

Low back pain and sciatica after disc herniation may be caused by mechanical compression of the nerve roots, but also by the release of inflammatory substances from nucleus pulposus (NP) of the herniated disc. In the present ...

Previous studies show that the endogenous opioid system has an important role in the pain control system. In recent years, it has also been suggested that epigenetic modifications, such as acetylations, may affect pain ...

This study was carried out at the Department of Cell Biology at the Institute of Cancer Research at the Oslo University Hospital as a part of my Master’s degree in molecular biosciences at the University of Oslo. Our group ...

Summary Antibodies act as adapter molecules that link recognition of foreign substances, such as bacteria and viruses, to elimination mechanisms mediated by cells and molecules of the innate immune system. Cells that express ...

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is an early-onset and highly heritable human psychiatric disorder with negative adult outcomes. ADHD affects about 2 to 5 % of all children, mainly boys. The clinical symptoms ...

The brain-pituitary-gonad axis regulates puberty and reproduction in all vertebrates. The two gonadotropins, FSH and LH are released from the pituitary and initiates maturing and growth of the gonads. To understand more ...

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from adipose tissue are multipotent stem cells able to give rise into multiple cell types, not only of the mesodermal lineage, but also of the neuroectodermal lineage. In this study, ...

Endosomal maturation controls trafficking and degradation of macromolecules in eukaryotic cells and represents an important regulatory point in the endocytic pathway. Progression through this phase is primarily recognized ...

miRNAs are short non-coding RNA that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by inhibiting the translation of mRNAs through pairing to their 3’ UTR. The let-7 family of miRNAs regulates cell differentiation ...

The ErbB family of tyrosine kinase receptors mediates the activation of a wide network of signaling pathways, which are important for cell growth, differentiation and survival. The four different ErbB proteins, EGFR, ErbB2, ...

Previous studies indicate that central sensitization may be an underlying mechanism of hyperalgesia and development of persistent pain. However, some individuals may have a higher risk of long lasting pain than others, ...

DNA vaccines have the ability to induce humoral and cellular immune responses but their efficiency needs further improvement. One strategy is to target the antigen to surface receptors on antigen-presenting cells (APCs), ...

Epitelcellelinjen ”Madin-Darby canine kidney” (MDCK) er en velstudert polarisert cellelinje som danner tette cellelag med separate apikale og basolaterale membrandomener, som ved hjelp av polarisert transport av nysyntetiserte ...

Gb3 (Gal α1-4, Gal β1-4, Glc β1-1, Ceramide) is a neutral glycosphingolipid specifically expressed in several human tissues, and is recognised as a receptor for Shiga toxins. Gb3 has been demonstrated to be upregulated in ...

As the fish farming industry is growing all over the world, economic losses caused by diseases are also increasing. In Norway one fifth of the farmed fish are lost due to viral diseases; there is no treatment for viral ...

Multiple DNA damaging agents cause deaminations of the bases of DNA. If not repaired, these can lead to mutations, which in turn can result in dangerous diseases. Endonuclease V (EndoV) is a highly conserved gene from ...

Osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) is a tightly regulated process, inducing large changes in cell phenotype and gene expression. Characterization of these expressional changes may be important in ...

Abstract The gram negative obligate human bacterium N. gonorrhoeae possesses a general O-linked glycosylation system with several target proteins. So far twelve glycoproteins have been identified. In all cases where the ...

Cells that grow in a restricted area will eventually become confluent. At that point normal cells will stop dividing, while cancer cells, with their invasive properties, will continue dividing. It has been known for quite ...

Eskild sin gruppe har klonet hNCU-G1 som viser seg å være et protein med en mulig dobbeltfunksjon. Proteinet ble vist til å være lokalisert i kjernen hvor det kan fungere som en transkripsjonsfaktor og kjernereseptor ...

The cell cycle of the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, does not easily lend itself to analysis by flow cytometry, mainly because cells in G1 and G2 phase contain the same amount of DNA. This occurs because fission ...

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a widely used model organism to study chloroplast gene expression and photosynthetic processes. In this project we worked to identify a novel trans-acting factor that is thought to contribute ...

Phage display has been instrumental in discovery of novel binding peptides and folded domains for the past two decades, arguably with most success in the field of drug discovery. Despite being a mature and dominating ...

Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) is a large, cold-adapted teleost that sustains long-standing commercial fisheries and incipient aquaculture. Here we present the genome sequence of Atlantic cod, showing evidence for complex ...

Förster Resonance Energy Transfer , abbreviated FRET , is a fluorescence phenomenon, which can be used to study and map co-localizations and dynamics of co-localizations at nanometer precision on a light microscope. FRET ...

Syndecans (Syns) are transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) and comprise a family of four members, Syn 1-4. Syns have important roles as cell surface receptors involved in cell-cell and/or cell-matrix interactions. ...

Tumor-specific CD4+ T cells coordinate the adaptive immune response against cancer. Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen presenting cells that are believed to be important for the initial activation of naïve ...

Abstract Seed development requires a coordinated interplay between different transcriptional programs in the embryo, the endosperm and the maternally derived seed coat. In angiosperms, the embryo and the endosperm are ...

Vitamin D har en potensiell anti-angiogenetisk effekt ved binding av 1,25 dihydroksyvitmin D3 til VDR (vitamin D reseptoren). VDR er en ligand-aktivert transkripsjonsfaktor som binder til VDRE (vitamin D responselementer) ...

Gene therapy strategies have been intensively studied for over 20 years. However, there are yet no gene therapy protocols in conventional use. In this project, a gene delivery protocol was optimized for the transient ...

Testicular germ cell tumours are the most frequent type of cancer in young adult Caucasian males. Yet, it is one of the neoplastic diseases with the best prognosis and outcome, making it an ideal model for curative disease. ...

Autophagy is an important growth regulatory process in eukaryotic cells. Dysfunctional autophagy can cause tumorigenesis and neurodegenerative diseases due to accumulation of defective cellular substructures and protein ...

Osteosarcomas are the most common primary malignant tumors of bone. They are highly aggressive with poor prognosis, and display complex genomic aberrations. Previously, our group has identified a frequently deleted region ...

Fusion genes have key roles in the development and progression of many human cancers. Detection of oncogenic fusion genes is already implemented in routine diagnostics and fusion proteins are targets in molecularly tailored ...

A highly conserved RNA-motif, called stem-loop-2-motif (s2m), has been identified in the 3' end of the genomes of viruses belonging to different RNA virus families which infect a broad range of animal species. Currently, ...

Bacteriocins are ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and proteins produced by bacteria. The two-peptide (class-IIb) bacteriocins consist of two different peptides and optimal antimicrobial activity requires ...

The effects of VEGF on skeletal muscle phenotype in adult rats. Skeletal muscle has an exceptional ability to adapt to different usage. Phenotype transformation is mainly dependent on the changes of firing pattern from ...

Den interbulbære forbindelsen mellom de to luktelappene er en nerveforbindelse vi ikke vet så mye om. Anatomiske studier allerede på slutten av 1800-tallet viste at det finnes nevroner som projiserer mellom de to luktelappene ...

Neisseria er en gruppe gram-negative bakterier som består av både patogene og ikke-patogene arter. Patogene Neisseria fører til store helseproblemer på verdensbasis; Neisseria meningitidis kan forårsake meningokokksykdom, ...

Thioredoxin (Trx) is a small ubiquitous protein containing two conserved cysteines that can reversibely form a redox-active disulfide bond, belonging to the Trx superfamily. Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) was the first ...

This study investigates the function of a novel human protein, which, based on secondary structure prediction, belongs to class I of SAM-dependent methyltransferases (MTases). No specific functions or substrates have yet ...

The myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) are a group of muscle specific transcription factors important during determination and differentiation of muscle fibers. In adult muscle two of the members, MyoD and myogenin, are ...

The transcription factor c-Myb is an important regulator involved in proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of hematopoietic cells. Its activity is regulated through interactions with co-repressors and co-activators. ...

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour (MPNST) is a rare and highly aggressive malignancy with high frequency of both local recurrence and distant metastasis. About half of all cases arise in individuals with the hereditary ...

Ovarian carcinoma (OC), primary peritoneal carcinoma (PPC) and malignant mesothelioma (MM) are all highly aggressive tumors that share common morphological features in addition to being histogenetically related. It is of ...

Fatty-acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is an enzyme that metabolizes several endocannabinoids and fatty acid amides. A functional variant of the gene encoding FAAH, which reduces the enzymatic activity, has been associated with ...

Background Whereas T cell receptors (TCRs) detect peptide/major histocompatibility complexes (pMHCs) with exquisite specificity, there are challenges regarding their expression and use as soluble detection ...

Mental retardation occurs in 2-3% of newborns in the population and can be inherited from the parents, caused by environmental influences or de novo mutations. Microscopically visible chromosome aberrations, such as trisomy ...

Legionella er en vannlevende bakterieslekt som er alminnelig i norske innsjøer. Til tross for dette er det vist at Legionella stiller strenge krav til næring når den dyrkes i laboratoriet, og optimal vekst oppnås ved omkring ...

Six transmembrane protein of prostate 2 (STAMP2) is a six transmembrane domain protein in the STAMP/STEAP family. It is primarily found in the prostate, visceral adipose tissue, and bone marrow, and is overexpressed in ...

A comprehensive understanding of the processes associated with endosymbiosis is important for our knowledge of the evolution of eukaryotes. Investigations of the relatively recent secondary (and tertiary) endosymbioses of ...

The human 5-HT7 serotonin receptor is a G-protein-coupled receptor that activates adenylyl cyclase constitutively and upon agonist-activation. In previous studies, some inverse agonists induce both homo- and heterologous ...

Sorting nexin 8 (SNX8) belongs to the sorting nexin protein family. Members of this family are known to be involved in endocytosis and endosomal sorting. It was recently reported that SNX8 regulates retrograde transport ...

Certain species of lactic acid bacteria produce and secrete bacteriocins, which are ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides. These peptides recognize and kill target cells by rendering their membrane permeable for ...

Antimicrobial peptides are produced by nearly all organisms. Certain antimicrobial peptides from multicellular animals also kill a variety of tumour cells at concentrations not affecting normal eukaryotic cells. Recently, ...

Bakteriosiner er ribosomalt syntetiserte, antimikrobielle peptider som produseres av en rekke bakteriearter. Lactococcin G er et bakteriosin som består av to peptider, kalt α og β, og produseres av melkesyrebakterien ...

Malignant melanoma is a very metastatic and therapy resistant disease, with few therapeutic options in advanced stages. An abnormal apoptosis pathway is considered to contribute substantially to the resistance observed in ...

High levels of oxidative stress are a common aspect of most neurodegenerative disorders. Oxidative stress in the brain causes DNA lesions that are mainly repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathway. The BER pathway ...

Prostate cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers and second highest cause of death in patients who suffer from cancer in western countries. Much effort has been carried out to understand the molecular ...

Nearly all human tissues express epidermal growth factor receptors(ErbBs)embedded in the plasma membrane. Four homologous ErbB proteins exert a pivotal function of transmitting proliferative signals by binding their cognate ...

The Benguela upwelling in Namibia and South Africa experienced an ecosystem collapse after overfishing in the 1960s and 1970s, and as several industrially important species became scarce, others grew abundant. One of these ...

The human HMGA2 gene is located at chromosomal band 12q14-15. In normal cells it encodes for the HMGA2 protein (109 amino acids). HMGA2 is a transcription factor that binds to the AT rich sequences on DNA and thereby ...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a relatively newly discovered class of small endogenous non coding RNA molecules with important roles in cell function and cancer development. Mature miRNAs bind to complementary sequences of transcripts ...

Mechanical factors are important in the regulation of muscle phenotype. Adaptation of structural and mechanical proteins to withstand increased load and cope with increased work is needed in a muscle exposed to mechanical ...

Until recently, most intercellular communication in plants has been explained by the signaling and perception of non-peptide plant hormones. It is, however, becoming increasingly clear that plant cell communication also ...

Our group has shown that ultraviolet (UV) irradiation of fission yeast cells in G1 phase induces a delayed entry into S phase. More recently, we found that the cell cycle delay is accompanied by a general depression of ...

Karuss (Carassius carassius L.) innehar den unike evnen blandt vertebrater å opprettholde hjerte kapasiteten på normoksisk nivå under langvarig eksponering til anoxia. Denne master oppgaven undersøker hypotesen om at dette ...

Autofagi er en intracellulær prosess eukaryote celler benytter til å bryte ned sitt eget cytoplasma ved langvarig sult eller proteinmangel, til negativ regulering av massevekst, og til spesifikk nedbrytning av ødelagte ...

Eskilds gruppe har vist at hNCU-G1 kan fungere som en ligandavhengig koaktivator for kjernereseptorer in vitro. Denne masteroppgaven bruker fluorescenskonfokalmikroskopi til videre å undersøke interaksjonen mellom hNCU-G1 ...

In mammals, adult neurogenesis is a restricted phenomenon, taking place in only two distinct areas of the brain, the subventricular zones and the hippocampus. The rate of adult neurogenesis can be regulated through a ...

Chemokines are small, secreted proteins (5-15 kDa) that mediate leukocyte transmigration and can be secreted from endothelial cells in a constitutive or regulated manner. Regulated secretion shortens the response time to ...

The bacteriocin plantaricin J/K consists of the two peptides PlnJ and PlnK, and the two peptides must be present for optimal bacteriocin function. In this study, the three dimensional structure of the PlnJ peptide was ...

The use of monoclonal antibodies in the search for anti-cancer therapeutics has been a research field of great potential since the hybridoma technology was introduced by Köhler and Milstein in the mid 70s. The use of ...

This study is part of a project where the Chlamydomonas reindhardtii rbcL 5’UTR is analyzed for its effect on transcript stability. Two different mutated rbcL 5’UTRs were fused to GUS reporter genes, and introduced into ...

Epitelcellelinjen ”Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK)” er en velstudert polarisert cellelinje som danner tette cellelag med separate apikale og basolaterale membrandoméner. Proteoglykaner sorteres til både den apikale og den ...