Ricin and Shiga toxin are protein toxins able to enter target cells by endocytosis. They can be transported via early endosomes to the Golgi apparatus and the endoplasmic reticulum. From this compartment, they are translocated ...

Oppgaven går videre med resultater som er funnet ved forskningsgruppen tidligere om aktivering av ribonukleotid reduktase (RNR) subenhet R2 i celler under hypoksi. Det ble funnet at celler som er gjort resistente mot et ...

In the 5`UTR of transcripts of the Chlamydomonas chloroplast gene rbcL secondary structures in the shape of two stem loops, one large and one small, have been identified. The large stem loop has been found to mediate folding ...

Prostate cancer is the most common non-skin cancer and the third leading cause of cancer death in men in developed countries. No effective cure has yet been found to treat the hormone refractory state of PCa. In addition ...

Det humane genet WWOX har blitt identifisert av flere uavhengige forskningsgrupper i forbindelse med studier av strukturelle abnormaliteter på kromosom 16q i ulike krefttyper. Genet er lokalisert innenfor kromosom 16q23.3-24.1, ...

Newly synthesised proteins are therefore subjected to a strict control machinery in the ER lumen where different chaperones facilitate folding during and after translocation. If the folding process is incomplete, misfolded ...

The hematopoietic transcription factor c-Myb has been reported to be involved in diverse and important cellular functions such as differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. It has also been implicated in tumorigenesis, ...

c-Myb er en transkripsjonsfaktor som er involvert i proliferasjon, differensiering og apoptose, hovedsakelig av hematopoetiske celler. Den transkripsjonelle aktiviteten av c-Myb har vist seg å være avhengig av forskjellige ...

Kunnskap om de antimikrobielle peptidene, også om hvordan de tilhørende immunitetsproteinene gjenkjenner og nøytraliserer effekten av disse, er viktig da de antimikrobielle peptidene har potensielle bruksområder som ...

Cyanobakteriestammer fra slektene Anabaena, Microcystis, Planktothrix og Nostoc er vidt utbredt i elver og sjøer over hele jorden. Disse og andre cyanobakterier bruker store multifunksjonelle enzymer, ikke-ribosomale peptid ...

Lactococcin G er et to-peptid bakteriosin produsert av melkesyrebakterien Lactococcus lactis LMG2081. Peptidene dette bakteriosin består av kalles α og β. Genene lagA og lagB som koder for henholdsvis α- og β-peptidene ble ...

Adult neurogenesis has been subject to increasing interest over the past decades. In fish, this ability to create new neurons is impressive compared to most other vertebrate taxa. Several factors are known to influence ...

Identifikasjonen av proteinet hNCU-G1 er basert på interaksjonen med hCRBP1-promoterens FP1-element (+66-+99), som ble gjort ved EMSA-studier. Videre studier avslørte at hNCU-G1 kunne fungere som en transkripsjonsfaktor ...

The crucian carp survives anoxia with the brain turned on. In such a state it is crucial to lower energy expenditures. This can be achieved by lowering the permeability of ionotropic receptors such as the N-metyl-D-aspartate ...

Sammendrag Taurin er den vanligste organiske osmolytten i de fleste dyrearter som er engasjert i volumregulering av celler. Tidligere studier har vist at både cellesvelling og TSH-stimulering øker taurineffluksen fra ...

Human bone marrow multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (hBM-MSC) represent an appealing source of adult stem cells for cell therapy and tissue engineering. Since hBM-MSC are present at low frequency in the bone marrow, ...

Sammendrag hNCU-G1 ble først identifisert som et protein som interagerte med FP1 i hCRBP-promoteren. Videre studier viste at hNCU-G1 var i stand til å fungere som transkripsjonsfaktor fra denne promoteren. Strukturelle ...

Hematopoiesis is the process by which the hematopoietic stem cells differentiate into a variety of specialized cells (mature blood cells). The development of the definitive hematopoietic cell lineages is regulated by a ...

A central question in biology is how cells in multi-cellular organisms communicate. During the development of the organisms, each single cell needs to know their exact position and function, and cell-cell signaling is ...

The classical MHC II genes in humans, consist of the HLA-DR, HLA-DP and HLA-DQ allotypes, with multiple alleles of each [1]. Their gene products function to present peptides derived from internalized protein antigen to the ...

hNCU-G1 ble for første gang identifisert som transkripsjonsfaktor for humant CRBP1. Det baserte seg på EMSA forsøk der man så at det interagerte med FP1 (+66, +99) element i denne promotoren. hNCU-G1 har fire LXXLL motiver ...

ABSTRACT Expression and diverse functions of MHC class I related neonatal Fc receptor in different tissues is continually reported. To contribute to the understanding of how the receptor functions according to cell type, ...

Unique to the lifecycle of plant is the existence of a multicellular haploid gametophyte generation. Elucidation of the genetic makeup of gametophyte development and function is important for several reasons. This phase ...

There is a fine balance between Ag presentation and by the destruction of Ag peptides. In a “Troybody” vaccine design it is of great importance that the introduced epitopes are properly excised from the Ab molecule. Specific ...

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancer types, and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Cases can be divided into two main molecular phenotypes: those with chromosomal instability (CIN) and those with ...

Abstracts 1. Production of soluble peptide-MHC class II-Ig fusion proteins The aim of the study is to construct soluble variants of the murine MHC class II molecule I-Ed in complex with two tumor-specific peptides. ...

Abstract. The c-Myb transcription factor plays a central role in regulation of growth, differentiation and survival of hematopoietic cells. Despite being studied for many years, the understanding of how c-Myb functions ...

Amplification of several regions of chromosome 8q is frequently detected in breast tumors, and several genes located on this chromosome arm show increased expression in the tumors. One of these genes encodes ã-glutamyl ...

The E. coli AlkB protein reverses methylation damage from DNA and RNA by oxidative demethylation, a reaction dependent on Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate. Based on sequence similarity, eight human AlkB homologues, denoted hABH1-8, ...

Most vertebrates depend on an uninterrupted supply of oxygen to maintain the energy production. Some species, like the crucian carp (Carassius carassius) can survive hypoxia for an extended period. This fish is an expert ...

The gene rbcL in the Chlamydomonas chloroplast codes for a mRNA of about 1.6 kb including a 5`UnTranslated Region (5`UTR) of 92 bp.The beginning of the 5`UTR has two stem-loops as part of its secondary structure. A ...

Background Novel, uncharacterised proteins represent a challenge in biochemistry and molecular biology. In this report we present an initial functional characterization of human kidney predominant protein, ...

Background Despite the fact that metastases are the leading cause of colorectal cancer deaths, little is known about the underlying molecular changes in these advanced disease stages. Few have studied the ...

Background Due to the increased use of genetic modifications in crop improvement, there is a need to develop effective methods for the detection of both known and unknown transgene constructs in plants. We ...

Background Soft tissue sarcoma (STS) diagnosis is challenging because of a multitude of histopathological subtypes, different genetic characteristics, and frequent intratumoral pleomorphism. One-third of ...

Background Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves systemic or topical administration of a lesion-localizing photosensitizer or its precursor, followed by irradiation of visible light to cause singlet ...

Non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) are highly refined natural machines for the biosynthesis of secondary oligopeptides which cannot be synthesised by the ribosomal machinery. Due to the attractive biological potential ...

The Clamydomonas chloroplast rbcL gene encodes the large subunit of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase (RUBISCO). The 5`untranslated region (5`UTR) of the rbcL gene is crucial for its transcripts stability. Previous studies ...

Peroksisom proliferator-aktivert reseptor a (PPARa) har en sentral rolle i regulering av uttrykk av lever-spesifikke gener. Da gallesyrer blir produsert fra kolesterol i leveren, og mange av enzymene involvert i deres ...

Sammendrag Transkripsjonsfaktorer har en viktig rolle i normale cellefunksjoner, men har også vist seg å være involvert i kreftutvikling. Transkripsjonsfaktoren c-Myb spiller en betydelig rolle i hematopoiesen hvor den ...

Abstract Hematopoietic stem cells have been proposed as being able to give rise to cells of non-hematopoietic lineages. Several reports show that HSC are able to differentiate into neural cells both in vivo and in ...

Background Increasing rates of psychosocial disturbances give rise to increased risks and vulnerability for a wide variety of stress-related chronic pain and other illnesses. Relaxation exercises aim at ...

Background Scavenger receptor type B class I (SR-BI), ABC transporter A1 (ABCA1) -and G1 (ABCG1) all play important roles in the reverse cholesterol transport. Reverse cholesterol transport is a mechanism ...

Androgens are important for the normal development of the male sexual characteristics, but are also involved in pathological conditions such as prostate cancer. The biological effects of androgens are mediated by the ...

The goal of the present work was to develop a microchip for amplification and detection of mRNA by employing nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) technology. The technology platform should in principle be ...

Cyanobacteria from genera Anabaena, Microcystis and Planktothrix produce a wide selection of nonribosomal peptides, e.g. microcystins and cyanopeptolins. Nonribosomal peptides are produced by peptide synthetases or polyketide ...

Epitelcellelinjen ”Madin-Darby canine kidney” (MDCK), er en velstudert polarisert cellelinje som danner et tett cellelag med separate apikale og basolaterale membranoverflater. For å opprettholde polariteten, må nysyntetiserte ...

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are fatal, neurodegenerative diseases in human and animals, caused by prion protein (PrP). The functions of PrP and the basis of these diseases are still under debate. In ...

Cancer is a disease resulting from an accumulation of acquired genetic mutations. The consequence is an uncontrolled growth of cells and disruption of normal control mechanisms. Complex chromosomal aberrations such as ...

It has previously been found that the sequence and conformation of a 10-nucleotide element in the 5´untranslated region (5´UTR) of rbcL mRNA are important for transcript stability. In this study two variants of a 20-nucleotide ...

The crucian carp (Carassius carassius) manage to live without oxygen for months at low temperatures, and the only way to produce ATP is through the glycolytic pathway, which yields less than 10% of the ATP formed through ...

T-cellespesifikt adapterprotein (TSAd), kodet av SH2D2A genet, blir uttrykt i aktiverte T-celler, NK-celler og i endotelceller. TSAd består hovedsakelig av et SH2-domene og et prolinrikt område og inneholder 10 tyrosiner ...

The elongation step of transcription is now recognized as a critical target for transcription regulation. An increasing number of elongation factors have been identified, and the regulatory mechanism of elongation seems ...

ABSTRACT Cell-to-cell communication is a vital characteristic of multicellular organisms, making it possible for cells to coordinate their physiological behaviour. Small peptides may act as signalling molecules that ...

In this study we have established a method for screening a collection of strains, from the Bacillus cereus group of bacteria, for biofilm formation, including soil isolates, strains from culture collections, reference ...

SUMMARY Blood coagulation may lead to venous thromboembolism (VTE). Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is an important inhibitor of blood coagulation, however, the clinical significance or frequency of TFPI deficiency ...

Radiation is a common treatment of cancer. It can be used either as the primary therapy or as an adjuvant treatment. The objective of radiation therapy is to kill the cancer cells, while minimizing the damage on normal ...

37 kDa/67 kDa laminin reseptor (LR) er et protein som antas å fungere som en reseptor for prionproteinet, og kan være en mulig kofaktor i omgjøringen av det cellulære prionproteinet, PrPc, til en infeksiøs form, PrPsc, som ...

Cancer of the large bowel may be looked upon as a model of stepwise tumor development, as it has morphological distinct benign and malignant stages paralleling a preferential order of genetic and epigenetic aberrations. ...

A unique characteristic of skeletal muscle is its diversity, reflected in the fibre type composition of muscles and in the heterogeneity of different fibre types. Mammalian skeletal muscle has a remarkable capacity to ...

Obesity has reached epidemic proportions in western industrialized countries and can be linked to a number of health risks such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, and certain types of cancer. Obesity ...

Sequence-specific double-stranded small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) may effectively silence gene expression via a mechanism called RNA interference (RNAi). The focus of this study was mainly identification of active siRNA ...

Background Trace or chromatogram files (raw data) are produced by automatic nucleic acid sequencing equipment or sequencers. Each file contains information which can be interpreted by specialised software ...

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited, recessive disease that primarily affects the pancreas of the digestive system and the lungs of the respiratory system. The disease is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CFTR ...

Autoimmune diseases are the drawback of having a potent immune defence. Type 1 diabetes and myasthenia gravis are examples of such diseases, where disease development is both complex and multifactorial. In general, both ...

Denne mastergradsoppgaven beskriver etablering av en eksperimentell plattform for identifisering av nødvendige og tilstrekkelige komponenter i teratocarcinoma NCCIT celleekstrakt for reprogrammering av 293T celler. ...

This thesis reports an in vitro reprogramming approach with pig thymocyte extracts to induce expression of two lymphoid-specific recombination activating enzyme genes, RAG1 and RAG2, in human kidney epithelial 293T cells. ...

Photochemical internalisation (PCI) is a method for efficient delivery of macromolecules, like genes used in gene therapy, to the cytosol of cells. Most macromolecules enter a cell by endocytosis and are trapped in the ...

Background In order to gain new insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in prostate cancer, we performed array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) on a series of 46 primary prostate ...

Perfluoro oktansyre (PFOA) er en peroksisomal proliferator som er kjent for å også gi antiinflammatoriske reaksjoner. Virkningsmekanismen for stoffet i levende dyr er lite kjent. For å få en bedre forståelse av PFOAs ...

Det er vist at gallesubstanser er potente luktestimuli og induserer ulike typer adferdsmønstre hos fisk. Det er også flere egenskaper ved gallesaltene som gjør dem spesielt interessante i det akvatiske miljø som eksempel ...

The protein toxin ricin is found in the plant Ricinus communis, and is a useful tool in studies of intracellular traffic. It consists of an enzymatically active A chain and a B chain with lectin properties, joined together ...

The female gametophyte of higher plants gives rise to the diploid embryo and the triploid endosperm which develop to produce the mature seed. Seed development is a concerted interplay of the embryo, endosperm and the ...

DNA polymeraser er av fundamental betydning for levende organismer, ettersom de spiller en avgjørende rolle i replikasjon og reparasjon av DNA. I de siste årene er de blitt viktige genteknologiske verktøy, og varmestabile ...

Antimicrobial peptides produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are extensively studied, but little is know about their three-dimensional structures. Solution structures of these peptides will be useful to gain information ...

Production of DNA damage is the basis of cancer treatments, such as radiotherapy. The limitation of the treatment dose tends to be how well the tumor and normal cell within the body can tolerate the therapy. In order to ...

The major histocompatibility (MHC) class II molecules present peptides to the T cell receptor on CD4+ lymphocytes. The diversity of the epitopes presented depends critically on the processing of the ingested antigens, and ...

Prostate cancer (PCa) and obesity are currently two of the most prevalent health problems in the western world. Some epidemiological studies suggest a connection between PCa and fat intake and obesity. In addition, androgens, ...

Covalent modifications of the DNA and histones through acetylation, phosphorylation, methylation, etc are central to gene regulation, recombination, DNA replication and many other processes in the cell. With respect to ...

Histone lysine methylation is considered to be a relatively stable modification associated with important functions in epigenetic gene control and for organizing chromatin domains. Genes encoding mammalian homologues of ...

The high densities of receptors found in synapses are crucial for effective transmission between a nerve and its target cell. At the neuromuscular junctions, acetylcholine is the transmitter substance and its receptor, the ...

Androgen ablation during the initial stages of prostate cancer causes regression of the tumor due to an increase in apoptosis and reduced cellular proliferation. However, some prostate cancer cells survive in the androgen ...

ABSTRACT The aim of this thesis was to investigate the in vitro physiological and genetic responses of Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 to bile, bile salts and mucin, substances which would be encountered in the gastrointestinal ...

Abstract The intention of this study was to identify and characterize signal pathways of the mesenchymal stem cell line hMSC-TERT which are being influenced by different mediators of inflammation. The purpose was also to ...

In isolated rat hepatocytes, okadaic acid and cantharidin activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) by a naringin-sensitive and a naringin-resistant mechanism respectively, probably through inhibition of protein ...

Abstract Vascular endothelial cells contain typical, elongated vesicles called Weibel-Palade bodies (WPBs), which serve as a storage compartment for biologically active factors involved in hemostasis and inflammation. ...

Bakgrunn: c-Myb er en sentral regulatorisk transkripsjonsfaktor i hematopoietiske celler og regulerer mange målgener som er involvert i proliferasjon, differensiering og apoptose. For å kunne forklare c-Mybs biologi er det ...

DNA methylation plays an important role in regulating plant development and is associated with the silencing of gene expression. Earlier studies of mammalian and vertebrate cells have shown that there are several ...

ABSTRACT rbcL is a constitutively expressed gene in the Chlamydomonas chloroplast. The 5 untranslated region (5 UTR) is predicted to form an RNA secondary structure that might function in RNA stabilization. Earlier studies ...

A subgroup of the universally conserved molecular chaperones, the chaperonins assist other proteins in folding or refolding in an ATP- dependent manner. First discovered in E. coli the best described member is the GroEL ...

Chromatin modulating proteins are thought to be involved in multimeric protein-protein interactions and contain characteristic amino-acid motifs like the SET domain. The SET domain proteins are believed to regulate gene ...

Small peptides can act as signaling molecules that coordinate development, growth and differentiation. In interaction with a receptor the ligand can trigger downstream pathways which induce cellular responses or regulation ...

Background Amplification of the q21-q23 region on chromosome 1 is frequently found in sarcomas and a variety of other solid tumours. Previous analyses of sarcomas have indicated the presence of at least ...

Background Recent studies have demonstrated that the NKX3.1 protein is commonly down-regulated in testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) and prostate carcinomas. The homeobox gene NKX3.1 maps to chromosome ...

Når karuss, Carassius carassius L., eksponeres for substanser fra skadet skinn fra fisk av samme art, utløses en karakteristisk atferd kalt alarmreaksjon. Fisken svømmer mot bunnen og virvler opp mudder, som kan gi skjul ...

Abstract Nuclear receptors that work as heterodimers with RXR control several aspects of lipid metabolism. One such nuclear receptor, pregnane X receptor (PXR) is the molecular target for a wide variety of endogenous and ...

Despite continuous improvement in gene delivery vector technology, development of methods for efficient and specific delivery of therapeutic genes to target cells still remains an important issue in the development of ...