Electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) are among the most important techniques for non-invasively studying cognition and disease in the human brain. These signals are known to originate from cortical ...

Indium gallium zinc oxides (IGZO) have been developed for thin-film transistor technologies. In this work, we analyze the fundamental properties of crystalline InGaZnO4, considering all possible Ga/Zn atomic distribution ...

Auroral whistler‐mode radio emissions called saucers are of fundamental interest because they require an unusually stationary emission process in the dynamic auroral environment, and it is a mystery how that can happen in ...

We report a novel doping strategy for YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) superconducting films by using a positive mismatch, Ba2YNbO6 (BYNO), and a negative mismatch, LaAlO3 (LAO), simultaneously. Double doping can significantly reduce ...

This article describes a curricular innovation designed to help students experience authentic physics inquiry with an emphasis on computational modeling and scientific communication. The educational design centers on a new ...

The new Oslo Scintillator Array (OSCAR) has been commissioned at the Oslo Cyclotron Laboratory (OCL). It consists of 30 large volume (⌀ 3.5 × 8 inches) LaBr3(Ce) detectors that are used for 𝛾-ray spectroscopy. The response ...

Grid cells are part of a widespread network which supports navigation and spatial memory. Stable grid patterns appear late in development, in concert with extracellular matrix aggregates termed perineuronal nets (PNNs) ...

We have used a combination of optical absorption and electrical conductivity measurements to study the effect of the main donor on small polarons in rutile TiO2 single crystals rendered n-type conductive by hydrogenation ...

This study is aimed at increasing the performance and reliability of silicon-based heterojunction solar cells with advanced methods. This is achieved by a numerical electro-optical modeling and reliability analysis for ...

We theoretically analyze two setups of low-energy single-photon counters based on Josephson junctions (JJs). For this, we propose two simple and general models based on the macroscopic quantum tunneling formalism (MQT). ...

Although the space charge model is commonly used to explain the high grain boundary resistance in proton conducting yttrium-substituted BaZrO3, it fails in its simplest forms with factors 10–40 to fit experimental data ...

One of the most-important tools in modern science is the analysis of electromagnetic properties by spectroscopy. The various types of spectroscopy can be classified by the underlying type of interactions between energy and ...

Self-diffusion of carbon (12C and 13C) and silicon (28Si and 30Si) in 4H silicon carbide has been investigated by utilizing a structure containing an isotope purified 4H-28Si12C epitaxial layer grown on an n-type (0001) ...

Using first principles calculations based on density functional theory, we study the impact of hole doping on the magnetic and electronic properties of two dimensional PtS2. Although 2D PtS2 is intrinsically non-magnetic, ...

The intermittent dynamics of slow drainage flows in a porous medium is studied experimentally. This kind of two-phase flow is characterized by a rich burst activity and our setup allows us to characterize those bursts ...

Deep-level transient spectroscopy measurements are conducted onβ-Ga2O3thin-filmsimplanted with helium and hydrogen (H) to study the formation of the defect levelE∗2(EA=0.71 eV) during heat treatments under an applied ...

Recent suggestions that hydrogen incorporation at the Ga(1) vacancy in β-Ga2O3 may have an impact on its electronic properties have led us to extend our earlier work on these defects. While our previous work provides strong ...

Objective To investigate the sensitivity of modified Look–Locker inversion recovery (MOLLI) to measure changes in dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations in water samples and to calculate sequence-specific relaxivity (r1m) ...

Scaling behaviour of dynamically driven vortex avalanches in superconducting YBa2Cu3O7−δ films deposited on tilted crystalline substrates has been observed using quantitative magneto-optical imaging. Two films with different ...

Centrality, which quantifies the importance of individual nodes, is among the most essential concepts in modern network theory. As there are many ways in which a node can be important, many different centrality measures ...

Particle computed tomography (pCT) is an emerging imaging modality that promises to reduce range uncertainty in particle therapy. The Bergen pCT collaboration aims to develop a novel pCT prototype based on the ALPIDE ...

Most modeling in systems neuroscience has been descriptive where neural representations such as ‘receptive fields’, have been found by statistically correlating neural activity to sensory input. In the traditional physics ...

System xc‐ (Sxc‐) has emerged as a new biological target for PET studies to detect oxidative and excitotoxic stress. Notably, applications have, thus far, been limited to tumour imaging although Sxc‐) may play a major role ...

The silicon vacancy (VSi) in 4H-SiC is a room temperature single-photon emitter with a controllable high-spin ground state and is a promising candidate for future quantum technologies. However, controlled defect formation ...

Combining information from several channels of the Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU-UV) irradiance meter, one may determine the total ozone column (TOC) amount. A NILU-UV instrument has been deployed and operated ...

An all-oxide thermoelectric generator for high-temperature operation depends on a low electrical resistance of the direct p–n junction. Ca3Co4−xO9+δ and CaMnO3−δ exhibit p-type and n-type electronic conductivity, respectively, ...

Purpose This study aimed to quantify the repeated oxygen deficits attained during intermittent endurance exercise by measuring oxygen consumption (V˙O2) and oxygen demand (V˙O2dem) throughout a simulated roller ski ...

Concrete is the second most consumed product by humans, after water. However, the production of conventional concrete causes more than 5% of anthropogenic CO2 emissions and therefore there is a need for emission-reduced ...

Deep-level transient spectroscopy measurements are conducted on β-Ga2O3 thin-films implanted with helium and hydrogen (H) to study the formation of the defect level E2 lowast (EA = 0.71 eV) during heat treatments under an ...

We investigate the numerical stability of time-dependent coupled-cluster theory for many-electron dynamics in intense laser pulses, comparing two coupled-cluster formulations with full configuration interaction theory. Our ...

We have used an unsupervised machine learning method called latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) to thematically analyze all papers published in the Physics Education Research Conference Proceedings between 2001 and 2018. By ...

Writing and argumentation are critical to both professional physics and physics education. They are both necessary to the practices of professional science like paper writing and peer review, and are increasingly emphasized ...

Understanding the shapes of nanoparticles is an important interdisciplinary problem because particle shapes can affect their properties, functionality, and applications. Advances in nanoscale imaging probes have revealed ...

A method to monitor the length of a particle bunch, based on the combination of a Radio Frequency Deflector (RFD) with magnetic focusing elements, is presented. With respect to state-of-the-art bunch length measurement, ...

Polyphenolic molecules have become attractive building blocks for bioinspired materials due to their adhesive characteristics, capacity to complex ions, redox chemistry, and biocompatibility. For the formation of tannic ...

The time it takes a student to graduate with a university degree is mitigated by a variety of factors such as their background, the academic performance at university, and their integration into the social communities of ...

Background The aim of this study was to investigate changes in structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) according to the RANO criteria and perfusion- and permeability related metrics derived from dynamic contrast-enhanced ...

White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are associated with vascular risk and Alzheimer’s disease. In this study, we examined relations between WMH load and distribution, amyloid pathology and vascular risk in 339 controls ...

Process conditions during catalytic reactions induce significant changes in surface chemistry and structure of bi- (mono) metallic nanoparticles leading to their deactivation, and this can ultimately affect the reactions ...

Herein, we report the discovery of a toroidal inorganic cluster of zirconium(IV) oxysulfate of unprecedented size with the formula Zr70(SO4)58(O/OH)146⋅x(H2O) (Zr70), which displays different packing of ring units and thus ...

Forecasting the timing of catastrophic failure, such as crustal earthquakes, has been a central concern for centuries. Such forecasting requires identifying signals that evolve or accelerate in the precursory phase leading ...

The evaluation of higher-order cross-sections is an important component in the search for new physics, both at hadron colliders and elsewhere. For most new physics processes of interest, total cross-sections are known at ...

We demonstrate theoretically and numerically that laser-driven many-electron dynamics, as described by bivariational time-dependent coupled-cluster theory, may be analyzed in terms of stationary-state populations. Projectors ...

In catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation, the interface between metal nanoparticles (NPs) and the support material is of high importance for the activity and reaction selectivity. In Pt NP-containing UiO Zr-metal–organic frameworks ...

A novel numerical method has been developed that incorporates electrically conducting objects into particle-in-cell simulations of electrostatic plasma. The method allows multiple objects connected by voltage and current ...

Inclusive J/ψ yields and average transverse momenta in p-Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair sNN−−−√ = 8.16 TeV are measured as a function of the charged-particle pseudorapidity density with ALICE. ...

Point defects in solids are promising single-photon sources with application in quantum sensing, computing and communication. Herein, we describe a theoretical framework for studying electric field effects on defect-related ...

Over the past 30 years, stem cell technologies matured from an attractive option to investigate neurodegenerative diseases to a possible paradigm shift in their treatment through the development of cell-based regenerative ...

The sheath formation in a weakly magnetized collisionless electronegative plasma consisting of electrons and negative and positive ions has been numerically investigated using the hydrodynamic equations. The electrons and ...

The stability of organomineral aggregates in soils has a key influence on nutrient cycling, erosion, and soil productivity. Both clay minerals with distinct basal and edge surfaces and organic molecules with reactive ...

Mathematical models for excitable cells are commonly based on cable theory, which considers a homogenized domain and spatially constant ionic concentrations. Although such models provide valuable insight, the effect of ...

Kinetic simulations are used to compute current characteristics of finite-length cylindrical probes, with particular attention to end effects. Currents collected per unit lengths, as a function of distance to the ends, are ...

X-ray emission under electron-channelling conditions is used to distinguish between a non-centrosymmetric half-Heusler and a centrosymmetric full-Heusler crystal. For TiCo 1.5+ xSn the space-group determination based on a ...

Abstract Muscle fibers are the largest cells in the body, and one of its few syncytia. Individual cell sizes are variable and adaptable, but what governs cell size has been unclear. We find that muscle fibers are DNA scarce ...

Predicting the proximity of large-scale dynamic failure is a critical concern in the engineering and geophysical sciences. Here we use evolving contractive, dilatational, and shear strain deformation preceding failure in ...

Yttrium oxyhydride (YHO) is a rare‐earth‐metal oxyhydride that has attracted considerable attention due to its outstanding photochromic properties. The transparency of YHO thin films across the infrared and visible spectral ...

The effect of lattice anisotropy on the diffusion of hydrogen (H)/deuterium (2H) in β-Ga2O3 was investigated using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and hybrid-functional calculations. Concentration-depth profiles of ...

Experimental results are presented on event-by-event net-proton fluctuation measurements in Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN=2.76 TeV, recorded by the ALICE detector at the CERN LHC. These measurements have as their ultimate goal ...

Prompt and delayed γ-ray spectroscopy of the neutron-rich 94Kr was performed, as part of the fission campaign at the ALTO facility of the IPN Orsay, using the fast-neutron-induced fission reaction 238U(n,f) in combination ...

Recently, several magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have reported time-of-day effects on brain structure and function. Due to the possibility that time-of-day effects reflect mechanisms of circadian regulation, the ...

This paper presents results of searches for the electroweak production of supersymmetric particles in models with compressed mass spectra. The searches use 139  fb−1 of √s=13  TeV proton-proton collision data collected by ...

Searches for the Higgs boson decays H→ee and H→eμ are performed using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139fb−1 collected with the ATLAS detector in ppcollisions at √s=13TeV at the LHC. No significant signals ...

Electron and photon triggers covering transverse energies from 5 GeV to several TeV are essential for the ATLAS experiment to record signals for a wide variety of physics: from Standard Model processes to searches for ...

Making a systematic effort, we have developed single-crystalline ZnSnN2 on ZnO (0001) by reactive magnetron co-sputtering. Epitaxial growth was achieved at 350 °C by co-sputtering from metal targets in a nitrogen atmosphere, ...

Channeling phenomena during ion implantation have been studied for 50 keV 11 B, 100 keV 27 Al and 240 keV 71 Ga in 4H-SiC by secondary ion mass spectrometry and medium energy ion backscattering. The same projected range ...

The implantation of aluminum into 4H-SiC is studied using secondary ion mass spectrometry. In particular, two-dimensional concentration profiles are obtained, which allow the investigation of lateral straggling and its ...

A search for flavour-changing neutral current (FCNC) events via the coupling of a top quark, a photon, and an up or charm quark is presented using 81fb−1of proton–proton collision data taken at a centre-of-mass energy of ...

A search for new resonances decaying into a pair of jets is reported using the dataset of proton-proton collisions recorded at s√ = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider between 2015 and 2018, ...

The γ-ray strength function (SF) and nuclear level density (NLD) have been extracted for the first time from inverse kinematic reactions with the Oslo method. This novel technique allows measurements of these properties ...

A distinct class of aurora, called transpolar auroral arc (TPA) (in some cases called “theta” aurora), appears in the extremely high-latitude ionosphere of the Earth when interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is northward. ...

The Rocket Experiment for Neutral Upwelling 2 (RENU2) rocket was launched on 13 December 2015 at 07:34 UT. The payload transited the cusp region during a neutral upwelling event, supported by a comprehensive set of onboard ...

Abstract Luminescent materials enable warm white LEDs, molecular tagging, enhanced optoelectronics and can improve energy harvesting. With the recent development of multi-step processes like down- and upconversion ...

The development of defect populations after proton irradiation of n-type 4H-SiC and subsequent annealing experiments is studied by means of deep level transient (DLTS) and photoluminescence spectroscopy. A comprehensive ...

Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 is a promising nontoxic earth‐abundant solar cell absorber. To optimize the thin films for solar cell device performance, postdeposition treatments at temperatures below the crystallization temperature are ...

A search for the direct production of the supersymmetric partners of τ-leptons (staus) in final states with two hadronically decaying τ-leptons is presented. The analysis uses a dataset of pp collisions corresponding to ...

In most neuronal models, ion concentrations are assumed to be constant, and effects of concentration variations on ionic reversal potentials, or of ionic diffusion on electrical potentials are not accounted for. Here, we ...