The Standard Model (SM) accounts for about 5 % of the known univers, and can not explain gravity, the hierarchy problem or the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the univers. Supersymmetry is a new symmetry which aim to bridge ...

Renewable energy sources play a vital role in handling the increasing energy demand, as well as the aim to reduce carbon emissions. New materials for solar cell applications are being developed for this sole reason. The ...

This thesis is focused on three objectives. The first objective was to develop a method that allows automatic assessment of stem cell development conditions with the use of impedance spectroscopy and machine learning, the ...

Space weather can have adverse effects on technology, such as causing disturbances of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). As space weather effects on GNSS cannot be mitigated, it is of vital importance to develop ...

We theoretically analyze two setups of low-energy single-photon counters based on Josephson junctions (JJs). For this, we propose two simple and general models based on the macroscopic quantum tunneling formalism (MQT). ...

Spaceborn instruments such as the Langmuir probe are essential to understand our own ionosphere. In this dissertation we explore the behaviour of such instruments through computer simulations, and find that some of the ...

Denne avhandlingen beskriver utviklingen og testingen til et heisesystem beregnet for automatisk overvåking av innsjøer. Motivasjonen bak oppgaven er å effektivisere overvåkingen av innsjøer, slik at dyrt og krevende ...

Purpose This study aimed to quantify the repeated oxygen deficits attained during intermittent endurance exercise by measuring oxygen consumption (V˙O2) and oxygen demand (V˙O2dem) throughout a simulated roller ski ...

One of the most-important tools in modern science is the analysis of electromagnetic properties by spectroscopy. The various types of spectroscopy can be classified by the underlying type of interactions between energy and ...

Using first principles calculations based on density functional theory, we study the impact of hole doping on the magnetic and electronic properties of two dimensional PtS2. Although 2D PtS2 is intrinsically non-magnetic, ...

Generative adversarial networks (GAN) have received much attention lately for its use with images and has been shown to be able to create extremely realistic images of different kinds of objects. Even though its use in ...

Semiconducting materials are instrumental for the transition to a carbon-free society. Materials, such as titanium dioxide (TiO2) or gallium sesquioxide (Ga2O3) are promising for a number of applications in energy harvesting ...

Self-diffusion of carbon (12C and 13C) and silicon (28Si and 30Si) in 4H silicon carbide has been investigated by utilizing a structure containing an isotope purified 4H-28Si12C epitaxial layer grown on an n-type (0001) ...

p-n homo- and heterojunctions are the cornerstones and defining technology of our society. Even though decades of knowledge have brought several improvements upon the transistors, LED diodes and other devices that build ...

Although the space charge model is commonly used to explain the high grain boundary resistance in proton conducting yttrium-substituted BaZrO3, it fails in its simplest forms with factors 10–40 to fit experimental data ...

The intermittent dynamics of slow drainage flows in a porous medium is studied experimentally. This kind of two-phase flow is characterized by a rich burst activity and our setup allows us to characterize those bursts ...

Objective To investigate the sensitivity of modified Look–Locker inversion recovery (MOLLI) to measure changes in dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations in water samples and to calculate sequence-specific relaxivity (r1m) ...

Scaling behaviour of dynamically driven vortex avalanches in superconducting YBa2Cu3O7−δ films deposited on tilted crystalline substrates has been observed using quantitative magneto-optical imaging. Two films with different ...

An important part of our understanding of brain tumours relies on our ability to assess the vascular function of the tumours. Dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC), and the novel method Vessel Architectural Imaging (VAI), ...

Centrality, which quantifies the importance of individual nodes, is among the most essential concepts in modern network theory. As there are many ways in which a node can be important, many different centrality measures ...

Anomalous resistive and magnetic behavior of GdOH thin films, which belong to the novel class of materials known as oxyhydrides, is reported. The oxyhydrides contain hydrogen in its rare negatively-charged anion state in ...

The scope of this thesis was to explore the applications of electron microscopy in the field of hydrogen embrittlement (HE). The fundamental understanding of HE is still lacking and requires some advanced approaches to ...

The performance of established and experimental BI-related parameters is evaluated for fresh vs. frozen-thawed detection.

Naturfaglig kompetanse er viktig for både enkeltindivider og for det norske samfunnet, og engasjement og motivasjon er viktig for å styrke elevers naturfagskompetanse. I et stadig mer digitalisert samfunn er det derfor ...

Sammendrag Livmorhalskreft er en alvorlig kreftform og rammer i større grad enn før unge kvinner. Strålebehandling av livmorhalskreft er krevende siden livmoren er svært mobil og man opplever store dag-til-dag variasjoner. ...

Anti-deuterons are a possible candidate for indirect detection of dark matter. In this thesis formation models of anti-deuterons are studied. The standard coalescence model and an empirically based cross-section model both ...

The newly developed Nematic Bond Theory enables an efficient way of studying phases and phase transitions in classical frustrated magnets with Heisenberg interactions. We extend here the Nematic Bond Theory to hold for ...

We implement two different methods for solving many-body quantum mechanical systems from scratch, a variational Monte Carlo (VMC) method and a restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM). We explore a confined Bose-Einstein condensate ...

Particle computed tomography (pCT) is an emerging imaging modality that promises to reduce range uncertainty in particle therapy. The Bergen pCT collaboration aims to develop a novel pCT prototype based on the ALPIDE ...

Most modeling in systems neuroscience has been descriptive where neural representations such as ‘receptive fields’, have been found by statistically correlating neural activity to sensory input. In the traditional physics ...

Med innføringen av programmering i nye læreplaner for norsk skole, kommer det mange spørsmål om hvordan programmeringsaktiviteter skal planlegges og gjennomføres i fysikkfaget. Det er ennå ikke umiddelbart klart hva som ...

System xc‐ (Sxc‐) has emerged as a new biological target for PET studies to detect oxidative and excitotoxic stress. Notably, applications have, thus far, been limited to tumour imaging although Sxc‐) may play a major role ...

En sammenligning mellom Oslo metoden og en videreuvikling av Wiedeking et al. sin ratio metode utføres for å teste validiteten av full spin populering ved nøytron bindingsenergien i (p,p) 144Nd reakjonen. I tillegg utføres ...

Combining information from several channels of the Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU-UV) irradiance meter, one may determine the total ozone column (TOC) amount. A NILU-UV instrument has been deployed and operated ...

The silicon vacancy (VSi) in 4H-SiC is a room temperature single-photon emitter with a controllable high-spin ground state and is a promising candidate for future quantum technologies. However, controlled defect formation ...

I denne oppgaven er forekomsten av fasescintillasjoner på GNSS-signaler over deler av Dronning Maud Land i Antarktis kartlagt, ved bruk av scintillasjonsmottakere på Troll stasjonen (geografiske koordinater: 72.0$^\circ$S, ...

Hydrogen (H) is thought to be strongly involved in the light and elevated temperature-induced degradation observed predominantly in p-type silicon wafers, but the nature of the defect or defects involved in this process ...

We have used an unsupervised machine learning method called latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) to thematically analyze all papers published in the Physics Education Research Conference Proceedings between 2001 and 2018. By ...

Writing and argumentation are critical to both professional physics and physics education. They are both necessary to the practices of professional science like paper writing and peer review, and are increasingly emphasized ...

In this thesis the effect of Autler-Townes splitting is revisited and the dynamics of a 2- and 3-level quantum systems, exhibiting this effect, is studied. This effect is a special case of the Stark effect, where the ...

Deep-level transient spectroscopy measurements are conducted on β-Ga2O3 thin-films implanted with helium and hydrogen (H) to study the formation of the defect level E2 lowast (EA = 0.71 eV) during heat treatments under an ...

Rutheniumoksider har stort potensial innen utvikling av fremtidens teknologi, spesielt SrRuO3. SrRuO3 er et sjeldent tilfelle av et ferromagnetisk innskuddsmetalloksid, og kan føre til store teknologiske fremskritt innen ...

The present thesis makes a specific focus on the experimental study of the pygmy dipole resonance (PDR) in $^{124}$Sn and its evolution with increasing number of neutrons for the $^{116-119,121,122}$Sn and $^{124}$Sn ...

Concrete is the second most consumed product by humans, after water. However, the production of conventional concrete causes more than 5% of anthropogenic CO2 emissions and therefore there is a need for emission-reduced ...

A method to monitor the length of a particle bunch, based on the combination of a Radio Frequency Deflector (RFD) with magnetic focusing elements, is presented. With respect to state-of-the-art bunch length measurement, ...

We investigate the numerical stability of time-dependent coupled-cluster theory for many-electron dynamics in intense laser pulses, comparing two coupled-cluster formulations with full configuration interaction theory. Our ...

Recently, several magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have reported time-of-day effects on brain structure and function. Due to the possibility that time-of-day effects reflect mechanisms of circadian regulation, the ...

Over the past 30 years, stem cell technologies matured from an attractive option to investigate neurodegenerative diseases to a possible paradigm shift in their treatment through the development of cell-based regenerative ...

Understanding the shapes of nanoparticles is an important interdisciplinary problem because particle shapes can affect their properties, functionality, and applications. Advances in nanoscale imaging probes have revealed ...

This work experimented with using a custom instruction set extension for computing electron density from sensor data received from a multi-needle langmuir probe (m-NLP). Custom instructions were designed and implemented ...

An all-oxide thermoelectric generator for high-temperature operation depends on a low electrical resistance of the direct p–n junction. Ca3Co4−xO9+δ and CaMnO3−δ exhibit p-type and n-type electronic conductivity, respectively, ...

This thesis designs a Gaussian pulse generator by the method of up-conversion with for use as a front end transmitter unit of an UWB-IR. The baseband pulse is generated using the delay elements (CTBV technique) but having ...

Bioimpedance spectroscopy is widely used in clinical and biotechnological applications for electrical characterization of biomaterials in a non-invasive fashion. States of the living organs dynamically change during impedance ...

Denne masteroppgaven handler om naturvitenskapens rolle i samfunnet, og det tverrfaglige samspillet som foregår i politikkutforming basert på naturvitenskap. I oppgaven undersøkes verdier tilknyttet naturvitenskap som er ...

The solar energy sector is growing rapidly and solar cells are expected to be the main source of energy in the future. To ensure sustainable growth, the solar cells need to be cheap and accessible. Thin film solar cells ...

Artificial neural networks are fitted to molecular dynamics trajectories using the Behler-Parrinello method of atom-centered symmetry functions in order to obtain analytical interatomic potentials. Molecular dynamics ...

Particle physics is addressing some of the grandest questions, armed with big science machines: high energy particle colliders. These machines have, however, ballooned in size, and new technologies for accelerating particles ...

Computation is a central aspect of 21st century physics practice; it is used to model complicated systems, to simulate impossible experiments, and to analyze mountains of data. Physics departments and their faculty are ...

This thesis deals with the development of an instrument for performing impedance measurements on cells. Small, portable, wearable and even implanted devices are becoming increasingly common in our daily lives and future ...

NorSat-1 was launched on July 14, 2017 as a satellite carrying, among other instruments, the multineedle Langmuir probe (m-NLP), an instrument which, on NorSat-1, is capable of measuring the ionospheric plasma electron ...

Rocks, ceramics, metals and many other materials are made up of crystals. More than 150 years ago scientists realized that when crystals grow inside a confining solid it may exert a force on the confining solid. This "force ...

This thesis brings together fundamental studies presented in five papers with the focus on the investigation of defects in the wide bandgap semiconductor β-Ga2O3. A broad range of methods was applied; in particular the ...

Reliable single-photon emission is crucial for realizing efficient spin-photon entanglement and scalable quantum information systems. The silicon vacancy (VSi) in 4H-SiC is a promising single-photon emitter exhibiting ...

We investigate the migration mechanism of the carbon vacancy (VC) in silicon carbide (SiC) using a combination of theoretical and experimental methodologies. The VC, commonly present even in state-of-the-art epitaxial SiC ...

This thesis describes how bioimpedance measurements can be used to assess the viability (live or die) of the small intestines, after a period without sufficient blood supply (ischemia). Using machine learning we were able ...