Renewable energy sources play a vital role in handling the increasing energy demand, as well as the aim to reduce carbon emissions. New materials for solar cell applications are being developed for this sole reason. The ...

We theoretically analyze two setups of low-energy single-photon counters based on Josephson junctions (JJs). For this, we propose two simple and general models based on the macroscopic quantum tunneling formalism (MQT). ...

Spaceborn instruments such as the Langmuir probe are essential to understand our own ionosphere. In this dissertation we explore the behaviour of such instruments through computer simulations, and find that some of the ...

Purpose This study aimed to quantify the repeated oxygen deficits attained during intermittent endurance exercise by measuring oxygen consumption (V˙O2) and oxygen demand (V˙O2dem) throughout a simulated roller ski ...

Using first principles calculations based on density functional theory, we study the impact of hole doping on the magnetic and electronic properties of two dimensional PtS2. Although 2D PtS2 is intrinsically non-magnetic, ...

Semiconducting materials are instrumental for the transition to a carbon-free society. Materials, such as titanium dioxide (TiO2) or gallium sesquioxide (Ga2O3) are promising for a number of applications in energy harvesting ...

One of the most-important tools in modern science is the analysis of electromagnetic properties by spectroscopy. The various types of spectroscopy can be classified by the underlying type of interactions between energy and ...

The intermittent dynamics of slow drainage flows in a porous medium is studied experimentally. This kind of two-phase flow is characterized by a rich burst activity and our setup allows us to characterize those bursts ...

Centrality, which quantifies the importance of individual nodes, is among the most essential concepts in modern network theory. As there are many ways in which a node can be important, many different centrality measures ...

The performance of established and experimental BI-related parameters is evaluated for fresh vs. frozen-thawed detection.

Objective To investigate the sensitivity of modified Look–Locker inversion recovery (MOLLI) to measure changes in dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations in water samples and to calculate sequence-specific relaxivity (r1m) ...

An important part of our understanding of brain tumours relies on our ability to assess the vascular function of the tumours. Dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC), and the novel method Vessel Architectural Imaging (VAI), ...

The scope of this thesis was to explore the applications of electron microscopy in the field of hydrogen embrittlement (HE). The fundamental understanding of HE is still lacking and requires some advanced approaches to ...

Particle computed tomography (pCT) is an emerging imaging modality that promises to reduce range uncertainty in particle therapy. The Bergen pCT collaboration aims to develop a novel pCT prototype based on the ALPIDE ...

System xc‐ (Sxc‐) has emerged as a new biological target for PET studies to detect oxidative and excitotoxic stress. Notably, applications have, thus far, been limited to tumour imaging although Sxc‐) may play a major role ...

The silicon vacancy (VSi) in 4H-SiC is a room temperature single-photon emitter with a controllable high-spin ground state and is a promising candidate for future quantum technologies. However, controlled defect formation ...

Hydrogen (H) is thought to be strongly involved in the light and elevated temperature-induced degradation observed predominantly in p-type silicon wafers, but the nature of the defect or defects involved in this process ...

We investigate the numerical stability of time-dependent coupled-cluster theory for many-electron dynamics in intense laser pulses, comparing two coupled-cluster formulations with full configuration interaction theory. Our ...

Computation is a central aspect of 21st century physics practice; it is used to model complicated systems, to simulate impossible experiments, and to analyze mountains of data. Physics departments and their faculty are ...

Particle physics is addressing some of the grandest questions, armed with big science machines: high energy particle colliders. These machines have, however, ballooned in size, and new technologies for accelerating particles ...

NorSat-1 was launched on July 14, 2017 as a satellite carrying, among other instruments, the multineedle Langmuir probe (m-NLP), an instrument which, on NorSat-1, is capable of measuring the ionospheric plasma electron ...

WLAN (Wireless local area network ), also known as Wi-Fi has gained lots of attention during the past two decades due to its promising capabilities, ease of installation and low-cost of access points (APs), which offers ...

Rocks, ceramics, metals and many other materials are made up of crystals. More than 150 years ago scientists realized that when crystals grow inside a confining solid it may exert a force on the confining solid. This "force ...

This thesis deals with the development of an instrument for performing impedance measurements on cells. Small, portable, wearable and even implanted devices are becoming increasingly common in our daily lives and future ...

We perform multiple large molecular dynamics simulations to study the fracture behaviour of monocrystalline methane hydrates under tension. We examine the fracture initiation phase and find that the fracture process can ...

This thesis describes how bioimpedance measurements can be used to assess the viability (live or die) of the small intestines, after a period without sufficient blood supply (ischemia). Using machine learning we were able ...

Bioimpedance spectroscopy is widely used in clinical and biotechnological applications for electrical characterization of biomaterials in a non-invasive fashion. States of the living organs dynamically change during impedance ...

Denne masteroppgaven handler om naturvitenskapens rolle i samfunnet, og det tverrfaglige samspillet som foregår i politikkutforming basert på naturvitenskap. I oppgaven undersøkes verdier tilknyttet naturvitenskap som er ...

The solar energy sector is growing rapidly and solar cells are expected to be the main source of energy in the future. To ensure sustainable growth, the solar cells need to be cheap and accessible. Thin film solar cells ...

Artificial neural networks are fitted to molecular dynamics trajectories using the Behler-Parrinello method of atom-centered symmetry functions in order to obtain analytical interatomic potentials. Molecular dynamics ...

This thesis brings together fundamental studies presented in five papers with the focus on the investigation of defects in the wide bandgap semiconductor β-Ga2O3. A broad range of methods was applied; in particular the ...

Calcium carbonate is one of the most abundant materials found in the Earth’s crust and very often it acts as a natural cement to form several rocks like limestone, chalk and marble. However, despite of its abundance and ...

Self-affine surfaces are found in many physical systems, making it important to study flow over such surfaces. This project develops a code to simulate, through the coupled Lattice Boltzmann Method, gravity-stabilized flow, ...

It is known that (ZnO)1−x(GaN)x alloys demonstrate remarkable energy band bowing, making the material absorb in the visible range, in spite of the binary components being classical wide band gap semiconductors. However, ...

Reliable single-photon emission is crucial for realizing efficient spin-photon entanglement and scalable quantum information systems. The silicon vacancy (VSi) in 4H-SiC is a promising single-photon emitter exhibiting ...

We investigate the migration mechanism of the carbon vacancy (VC) in silicon carbide (SiC) using a combination of theoretical and experimental methodologies. The VC, commonly present even in state-of-the-art epitaxial SiC ...

Ga2O3 is a deep-UV transparent semiconducting oxide being interesting for solar-blind photo detectors e.g. for flame or missile plume detection. The bandgap of about 4.9 eV can be increased by alloying with Al2O3. We have ...

Multiplicity-dependent measurements of identified particle production led to the discovery of collective-like behavior in pp collisions at the LHC. Better understanding of the effects attributed to well-understood physics, ...

We present a study of the inclusive charged-particle transverse momentum (pT) spectra as a function of charged-particle multiplicity density at mid-pseudorapidity, dNch/dη, in pp collisions at s√=5.02 and 13 TeV covering ...

We present a computationally effective toy model of the visual system of a biological brain, that can easily be extended to add more realism. The model takes images as input – representing visual stimuli from the eye – and ...

We report recent ALICE results on primary charged particle and neutral meson production in pp, p–Pb, Pb–Pb and Xe–Xe collisions at LHC energies. In this article, measurements of the nuclear modification factors RAA of ...

Hadronic resonances are unique tools to investigate the interplay of re-scattering and regeneration effects during the hadronization phase in heavy-ion collisions. Measurements in small collision systems provide a necessary ...

Though we live in a 4-dimensional universe, our minds and bodies are not particularly good at perceiving and depicting 4 dimensions. This study contributes to our understanding of collaboration with abstract concepts by ...

Abnormal characteristics of the tumor microenvironment, such as hypoxia, high fluid pressure, and a dense extracellular matrix, significantly influence cancer progression and therapeutic response. Hence, to provide each ...

Surfaktanter og kopolymerer er molekyler som kan selvassosiere på nanonivå til en rekke forskjellige strukturer. Dette kan være alt fra sfærer og sylindre, til bi-lag tilsvarende de som finnes i cellemembraner. Disse ...

YouTube er en sterkt voksende plattform for deling av videoer, og det eksisterer mange kanaler som spesialiserer seg på videoer med realfaglig innhold. Samtidig øker bruken av sosiale medier blant ungdom, noe som gjør at ...

We have investigated how layered structures of TiO2 and Eu2O3 on the subnanometer scale control the optical absorption, energy transfer, emission and quenching mechanisms in sensitized lanthanide luminescence systems. By ...

This thesis is devoted to the topic of energy storage system modelling, and to the integration of such systems to increase the utilisation of renewable energy. In particular, the use of a nickel-metal hydride battery storage ...

We report an unusual effect of channeled magnetic flux motion in YBa2Cu3O7−δ/PrBa2Cu3O7−δ superlattices grown by pulsed laser deposition. Magneto-optical imaging reveals that flux moves along a set of parallel and perpendicular ...

Electron density measurements in space and in laboratory using the multi-needle Langmuir probe (m-NLP) system have been assessed. The instrument was developed by the University of Oslo to explore multi-scale physical ...

The objective of the present work was to study an interrelation between the conditions of the rapid solidification casting and electrochemical properties of a C15 Laves-type Zr-based metal hydride battery anode alloy. A ...

Direct imaging of the accumulation of magnetic flux and antiflux resulted from the excitation of vortex-antivortex pairs inside thin superconducting films is reported. Thin-film superconductors, like YBa2Cu3O7/PrBa2Cu3O7 ...

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI or DW-MRI) is a widely applied and clinically important MRI technique probing the diffusion displacement of water molecules in biological tissue on a micrometer length scale. DWI is however ...

In this paper, we briefly review the holographic dark energy model and introduce the idea that dark energy is a kind of thermal energy related to the quantum entanglement of the vacuum across a cosmic future event horizon. ...

By specific design of the sample, in which SrTiO3 substrate is fully covered by a thin layer of the colossal magnetoresistive material La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 (LCMO) and the latter is partially covered by high-temperature ...

I use molecular dynamics simulations and a recently developed force field to study two silica-water systems, which are relevant for many geological processes. First, I evaluate the transport properties of the force field ...

Direct evidence of the formation of nitrogen molecules (N2) after ion implantion of ZnO has been revealed by an atomically resolved scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM)–electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) ...