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On model materials designed by atomic layer deposition for catalysis purposes

Diskus, Madeleine
Doctoral thesis
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dravhandling-diskus.pdf (9.001Mb)
Year
2011
Permanent link
http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-30376

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  • Kjemisk institutt [843]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate the potential of model materials designed by atomic layer deposition toward applications in catalysis research. Molybdenum based catalysts promoted with cobalt were selected as target materials, considering their important roles in various industrial processes. Particular attention was paid to understand the growth dynamics of the ALD processes involved and further to characterize the obtained materials carefully. It was of main concern to verify the feasibility to coat porous materials by ALD with our equipment. Another ambition was to confirm the advantages of the atomic layer technique to create model materials for industrial research projects in catalysis.
Thin film growth of molybdenum trioxide has been demonstrated by the atomic layer deposition technique using molybdenum-hexacarbonyl, water and ozone as precursors. The effect of different oxygen precursors on the growth mechanism of the molybdenum oxide has been assessed.
The chemical composition and Mo-oxidation state in MoO3 thin films grown by ALD have been investigated by two XPS approaches, representing the bulk of the layer as well as the initial stage of film formation.
A convenient process to achieve thin film model materials of MoO3 polymorphs has been proposed, describing the crystallization behavior of the thin films from the as-deposited amorphous state to the orthorhombic α-MoO3 phase. By means of combined AFM/Raman studies we have been able to relate morphology and vibration mode of α-MoO3 features.
The ability to coat porous materials with our ALD equipment has been confirmed by means of coating a systematic porous structure with the current molybdenum process and a cobalt process. ALD thin film growth of cobalt oxide has been obtained using cobaltocene and ozone as precursors.
Cobalt molybdate has been grown by atomic layer deposition, varying the cobalt oxide precursor. The growth dynamics of the films, their composition and crystallization have been examined, proving CoMoO4 to be the preferential composition and the excess of molybdenum to crystallize into α-MoO3. The films catalytic activity in the ammonia decomposition process is assessed at the laboratory scale. The growth dynamics have been investigated where it is evident that the different precursor chemistries affect each other’s growth.
The catalytic properties of cobalt-molybdenum oxide thin films deposited by ALD on industrial alumina carriers have been studied as function of the thickness of the films. Cobalt molybdenum multilayered thin films activity has proven to increase with the thickness of the films up to a certain extend. Multilayered films show a better activity as compared with cobalt molybdate single phase films.
Finally, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterization of copper particles on top of a zinc oxide film has been achieved by first depositing an underlayer of Al2O3, thereafter coated with zinc oxide and copper oxide thin films by ALD at low temperatures. TEM imaging of the multilayered film at 250 °C under H2 shows crystallization of the ZnO grains and reduction of the copper oxide film leading to Cu particles formation.
List of papers
Paper I Madeleine Diskus, Ola Nilsen and Helmer Fjellvåg Growth of thin films of molybdenum oxide by atomic layer deposition Journal of Materials Chemistry 2011, 21, 705-710 This PDF may not be further made available or distributed. https://doi.org/10.1039/C0JM01099E
Paper II M. Diskus, O. Nilsen, S. Diplas, P. Beato, C. Harvey, E. van Schrojenstein Lantman, B. M. Weckhuysen and H. Fjellvåg Combination of characterization techniques for ALD MoO3 coatings: from the amorphous to the orthorhombic alpha-MoO3 crystalline phase Copyright 2012 American Vacuum Society. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the American Vacuum Society. The following article appeared in Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology A and may be found at: Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology A 2012, 30. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.3643350
Paper III Madeleine Diskus, Ola Nilsen and Helmer Fjellvåg Thin films of cobalt oxide deposited on high aspect ratio supports by atomic layer deposition Journal of Chemical Vapor Deposition 2011, 17, 135-140 The paper is removed from the thesis in DUO due to publisher restrictions. The published version is available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/cvde.201006891
Paper IV Madeleine Diskus, Ola Nilsen and Helmer Fjellvåg Influence of the precursors chemistry on the ALD growth of cobaltmolybdenum oxide films Dalton Transactions, 2012, First published on the web 04 Jan 2012 This PDF may not be further made available or distributed. https://doi.org/10.1039/C2DT11837H
Unpublished restults I Madeleine Diskus, Michael Brorson and Helmer Fjellvåg Cobalt molybdenum oxides coating of alumina carriers by atomic layer deposition for the hydrodesulfurization process
Unpublished results II Madeleine Diskus, Stig Helveg, Jens Sehested and H. Fjellvåg Ex situ and in situ Transmission Electron Microscopy imaging investigation of copper, zinc and aluminum oxides multilayered thin films obtained by ALD
 
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