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Coherence in Classical Electromagnetism and Quantum Optics

Mevik, Hanne-Torill
Master thesis
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Year
2009
Permanent link
http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-21996

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  • Fysisk institutt [2521]
Abstract
This thesis is a study of coherence theory in light in classical

electromagnetism and quantum optics. %The coherence is quantified

Specifically two quantities are studied: The degree of first-order

temporal coherence, which quantifies the field-field coherence, and

the degree of second-order coherence, quantifying the intensity-intensity

coherence. In the first part of the thesis these concepts are applied to classical

electric fields; to both the ideal plane wave and to chaotic light.

We then study how they can be measured using two interferometer

technologies from optical astronomy, specifically with the

Michelson stellar interferometer and the intensity interferometer.

In the second part we define the

quantum degrees of first- and second-order coherence. These are calculated

for light in a quantum coherent state, in a Fock state and for light

in a mixed thermal state. The results for the coherent state and

the thermal state are found to be analogous to

those obtained for the ideal plane wave and chaotic light, respectively,

from the classical coherence theory seen in the first part.

We proceed to investigate the properties of the three-level laser with

the aim of showing that far above threshold it develops similar photon

statistics and values for the degrees of first- and second-order coherence,

to light in a coherent state. The mechanism of phase-drift in the laser

is also looked into. Subsequently the Mølmer-model is discussed, where it is

demonstrated that the coherent state is not a necessary construct, but

merely a convenient one, in describing phenomena in quantum optics.
 
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